Development of an In vitro Microtest to Assess Drug Susceptibility of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina

1991 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chariya R. Brockelman ◽  
Peerapan Tan-ariya
Keyword(s):  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Bigemina

scholarly journals Diagnostic Tools for the Identification of Babesia sp. in Persistently Infected Cattle

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Antonio Alvarez ◽  
Carmen Rojas ◽  
Julio V. Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
International Health ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Bovine Babesiosis ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Persistently Infected

Bovine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease of cattle caused by the protozoan parasites of the genus Babesia. Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina and Babesia divergens are considered by International health authorities (OIE) as the principal species of Babesia that cause bovine babesiosis. Animals that recover from a babesial primo infection may remain as persistent carriers with no clinical signs of disease and can be the source of infection for ticks that are able to acquire Babesia parasites from infected cattle and to transmit Babesia parasites to susceptible cattle. Several procedures that have been developed for parasite detection and diagnosis of this infectious carrier state constitute the basis for this review: A brief description of the direct microscopic detection of Babesia-infected erytrocytes; PCR-based diagnostic assays, which are very sensitive particularly in detecting Babesia in carrier cattle; in-vitro culture methods, used to demonstrate presence of carrier infections of Babesia sp.; animal inoculation, particularly for B. divergens isolation are discussed. Alternatively, persistently infected animals can be tested for specific antibabesial antibodies by using indirect serological assays. Serological procedures are not necessarily consistent in identifying persistently infected animals and have the disadvantage of presenting with cross reactions between antibodies to Babesia sp.

Viability after thawing and dilution of simultaneously cryopreserved vaccinal Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina strains cultured in vitro

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 345-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Mangold ◽  
V.R. Vanzini ◽  
I.E. Echaide ◽  
S.T. de Echaide ◽  
M.M. Volpogni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Bigemina

Clotrimazole, ketoconazole, and clodinafop-propargyl inhibit the in vitro growth of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis (Phylum Apicomplexa)

Parasitology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. BORK ◽  
N. YOKOYAMA ◽  
T. MATSUO ◽  
F. G. CLAVERIA ◽  
K. FUJISAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Clodinafop Propargyl ◽  
Extensive Damage

We evaluated the growth inhibitory efficacy of the imidazole derivatives, clotrimazole (CLT) and ketoconazole (KC), and the herbicide clodinafop-propargyl (CP), in in vitro cultures of Babesia bovis and B. bigemina. Clotrimazole was effective in a dose range of 15 to 60 μM (IC50: 11 and 23·5 μM), followed by KC (50 to 100 μM; IC50: 50 and 32 μM) and CP (500 μM; IC50: 265 and 390 μM). In transmission electron microscopy, extensive damage was observed in the cytoplasm of drug-treated parasites. Combinations of CLT/KC, CLT/CP and CLT/KC/CP acted synergistically in both parasites. In contrast, the combination of KC/CP was exclusively effective in B. bovis, but not in B. bigemina.

Bovine babesiosis: Cattle protected in the field with a frozen vaccine containing Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina cultured in vitro with a serum-free medium

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Rojas-Martínez ◽  
Roger Iván Rodríguez-Vivas ◽  
Julio Vicente Figueroa Millán ◽  
Carlos Ramón Bautista-Garfias ◽  
Roberto Omar Castañeda-Arriola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Serum Free Medium ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Bovine Babesiosis ◽  
Serum Free

Host serum modifies the drug susceptibility of Babesia bovis in vitro

Parasitology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. BORK ◽  
M. OKAMURA ◽  
T. MATSUO ◽  
S. KUMAR ◽  
N. YOKOYAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Babesia Bovis

scholarly journals Trichostatin A, a potential drug for treatment of animal Babesia infections

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Nyamjargal ◽  
N Oshima ◽  
X Xuan ◽  
I Igarashi ◽  
T Munkhjargal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichostatin A ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Babesia Gibsoni

In the present study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of trichostatin A on the asexual growth of bovine, equine, and canine Babesia parasites in vitro as well as on the in vivo growth of Babesia microti (B.microti) in mice. The growth of Babesia bovis (B.bovis), Babesia bigemina (B.bigemina), Babesia caballi (B.caballi), Theileria equi (T.equi), and Babesia gibsoni (B.gibsoni) species was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) by very low concentrations of trichostatin A (IC50 values = 2.6, 2.4, 2.3, 2.4, and 2.3 nM, respectively). Furthermore, in B.microti-infected mice, trichostatin A caused significant higher (P < 0.05) inhibition of the growth of B.microti at the dose of 2 mg/kg body weight than that in the control group. These results indicated the trichostatin A might be a chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of babesiosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.210 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.24-26

scholarly journals Apicoplast-Targeting Antibacterials Inhibit the Growth of Babesia Parasites

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 3196-3206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud AbouLaila ◽  
Tserendorj Munkhjargal ◽  
Thillaiampalam Sivakumar ◽  
Akio Ueno ◽  
Yuki Nakano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Babesia Equi

ABSTRACTThe apicoplast housekeeping machinery, specifically apicoplast DNA replication, transcription, and translation, was targeted by ciprofloxacin, thiostrepton, and rifampin, respectively, in thein vitrocultures of fourBabesiaspecies. Furthermore, thein vivoeffect of thiostrepton on the growth cycle ofBabesia microtiin BALB/c mice was evaluated. The drugs caused significant inhibition of growth from an initial parasitemia of 1% forBabesia bovis, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 8.3, 11.5, 12, and 126.6 μM for ciprofloxacin, thiostrepton, rifampin, and clindamycin, respectively. The IC50s for the inhibition ofBabesia bigeminagrowth were 15.8 μM for ciprofloxacin, 8.2 μM for thiostrepton, 8.3 μM for rifampin, and 206 μM for clindamycin. The IC50s forBabesia caballiwere 2.7 μM for ciprofloxacin, 2.7 μM for thiostrepton, 4.7 μM for rifampin, and 4.7 μM for clindamycin. The IC50s for the inhibition ofBabesia equigrowth were 2.5 μM for ciprofloxacin, 6.4 μM for thiostrepton, 4.1 μM for rifampin, and 27.2 μM for clindamycin. Furthermore, an inhibitory effect was revealed for cultures with an initial parasitemia of either 10 or 7% forBabesia bovisorBabesia bigemina, respectively. The three inhibitors caused immediate death ofBabesia bovisandBabesia equi. The inhibitory effects of ciprofloxacin, thiostrepton, and rifampin were confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR. Thiostrepton at a dose of 500 mg/kg of body weight resulted in 77.5% inhibition ofBabesia microtigrowth in BALB/c mice. These results implicate the apicoplast as a potential chemotherapeutic target for babesiosis.

scholarly journals A Comparative Genomic Study of Attenuated and Virulent Strains of Babesia bigemina

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Bernardo Sachman-Ruiz ◽  
Luis Lozano ◽  
José J. Lira ◽  
Grecia Martínez ◽  
Carmen Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Local Alignment ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Genomic Study

Cattle babesiosis is a socio-economically important tick-borne disease caused by Apicomplexa protozoa of the genus Babesia that are obligate intraerythrocytic parasites. The pathogenicity of Babesia parasites for cattle is determined by the interaction with the host immune system and the presence of the parasite’s virulence genes. A Babesia bigemina strain that has been maintained under a microaerophilic stationary phase in in vitro culture conditions for several years in the laboratory lost virulence for the bovine host and the capacity for being transmitted by the tick vector. In this study, we compared the virulome of the in vitro culture attenuated Babesia bigemina strain (S) and the virulent tick transmitted parental Mexican B. bigemina strain (M). Preliminary results obtained by using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) showed that out of 27 virulence genes described and analyzed in the B. bigemina virulent tick transmitted strain, only five were fully identified in the attenuated laboratory strain. In all cases, the identity and coverture of the identified genes of the wildtype strain were higher than those of the laboratory strain. This finding is putatively associated with the continuous partial loss of virulence genes in the laboratory strain after several passages of the parasite population under optimal in vitro growth conditions. The loss of virulence factors might be reflected in the absence of symptoms of the disease in cattle inoculated with the attenuated strain despite the presence of infection in the bovine host cells.

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