Observation on the Saliva and Salivary Gland Extract of Haemaphysalis spinigera and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sanguineus

1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Chinery
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Salivary Gland Extract ◽  
Gland Extract

Rhipicephalus sanguineus salivary gland extract as a source of immunomodulatory molecules

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Carolina Pereira ◽  
Elen Fernanda Nodari ◽  
Marina Rodrigues de Abreu ◽  
Lisiery Negrini Paiatto ◽  
Patrícia Ucelli Simioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Salivary Gland Extract ◽  
Gland Extract

scholarly journals Salivary Gland Extract from Aedes aegypti Improves Survival in Murine Polymicrobial Sepsis through Oxidative Mechanisms

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaelli de Souza Gomes ◽  
Kely Navegantes-Lima ◽  
Valter Monteiro ◽  
Ana de Brito Oliveira ◽  
Dávila Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Polymicrobial Sepsis ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Salivary Gland Extract ◽  
Gland Extract

Sepsis is a systemic disease with life-threatening potential and is characterized by a dysregulated immune response from the host to an infection. The organic dysfunction in sepsis is associated with the production of inflammatory cascades and oxidative stress. Previous studies showed that Aedes aegypti saliva has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties. Considering inflammation and the role of oxidative stress in sepsis, we investigated the effect of pretreatment with salivary gland extract (SGE) from Ae. aegypti in the induction of inflammatory and oxidative processes in a murine cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) model. Here, we evaluated animal survival for 16 days, as well as bacterial load, leukocyte migration, and oxidative parameters. We found that the SGE pretreatment improved the survival of septic mice, reduced bacterial load and neutrophil influx, and increased nitric oxide (NO) production in the peritoneal cavity. With regard to oxidative status, SGE increased antioxidant defenses as measured by Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and glutathione (GSH), while reducing levels of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA). Altogether, these data suggest that SGE plays a protective role in septic animals, contributing to oxidative and inflammatory balance during sepsis. Therefore, Ae. aegypti SGE is a potential source for new therapeutic molecule(s) in polymicrobial sepsis, and this effect seems to be mediated by the control of inflammation and oxidative damage.

scholarly journals Preparation of Mosquito Salivary Gland Extract and Intradermal Inoculation of Mice

BIO-PROTOCOL ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schmid ◽  
Elizabeth Kauffman ◽  
Anne Payne ◽  
Eva Harris ◽  
Laura Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Gland Extract ◽  
Gland Extract ◽  
Mosquito Salivary Gland

scholarly journals In vitro analysis of human immune response (IgG) against salivary gland extract of dengue vector from dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) endemic area in Jember, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012090
Author(s):  
R Oktarianti ◽  
D R Damara ◽  
S U R Qudsiyah ◽  
S Wathon ◽  
K Senjarini
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Salivary Gland Extract ◽  
Gland Extract ◽  
Human Immune Response ◽  
Human Immune

Abstract The mosquito species Ae. aegyptiand Ae. albopictusare two potential vectors of dengue fever. The salivary glands of these species contain substances that play a role in the transmission of pathogens. These include vasodilators and immunomodulatory compounds. Immunomodulatory components can modulate the host immune system by producing specific antibodies (IgG). This study aims to investigate the human immune response (IgG) against the salivary gland extract of Ae. aegyptiand Ae. albopictus. Samples were collected from individuals who were Dengue patients, as well as healthy individuals and neonates from the Jember endemic area. Results show that the levels of IgG response vary across the individual. Generally, Dengue patients and healthy people in the DHF-endemic area had higher levels of IgG. The highest immune response was found in DHF patients, followed by healthy persons, and finally the neonate samples, respectively.

scholarly journals Dissociating effect of salivary gland extract from Ixodes ricinus on human fibroblasts: Potential impact on Borrelia transmission

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandine Boeuf ◽  
Gilles Schnell ◽  
Quentin Bernard ◽  
Aurelie Kern ◽  
Benoît Westermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Salivary Gland Extract ◽  
Gland Extract ◽  
Potential Impact
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