Trichinella spiralis: An Intracellular Parasite in the Intestinal Phase

1979 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Intracellular Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Phase

THE LIFE CYCLE OF TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS: I. THE INTESTINAL PHASE OF DEVELOPMENT

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1255-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Shanta ◽  
E. Meerovitch
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Intestinal Phase ◽  
Experimental Infections

In experimental infections in mice, Trichinella spiralis larvae in the intestines molted twice before reaching sexual maturity. In both sexes, the first molt occurred between 12 and 16 hours post infection; in males, the second molt occurred between 24 and 32 hours, and in females, between 22 and 30 hours. The females were inseminated after the 36th hour post infection, but some males had spermatozoa in the seminal vesicles before the completion of the second molt. Structures, believed to be amphids, were observed after 2 hours post infection; they increased in size up to the 6th hour, after which they regressed and finally disappeared. The function of these amphids is believed to be related to osmoregulation.

The response of hamsters to primary and secondary infection with Trichinella spiralis and to vaccination with parasite antigens

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Behnke ◽  
M.S. Dehlawi ◽  
R. Rose ◽  
P.N. Spyropoulos ◽  
D. Wakelin
Keyword(s):  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Mucosal Mast Cell ◽  
Intestinal Phase ◽  
Important Host ◽  
Intestinal Worms ◽  
Severe Pathology ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractThe duration of primary infections with T. spiralis was dose-dependent with greater proportional loss of worms from heavily infected hamsters and longer persistence of worms in syngeneic DSN hamsters carrying initially low intensity infections. Intestinal worms were lost more rapidly from challenged immunized animals with over 80% loss of established worms by day 6 post infection, but survival of residual worms for a further 2 weeks. Hamsters carrying initially more than 140 intestinal worms began to lose weight during the second week indicating severe pathology at this stage of infection. Mucosal mast cell numbers increased from 50 cells/20 villus crypt units in uninfected animals to a peak in excess of 150 during week 4 pi, although intestinal mastocytosis persisted long after the loss of the majority of adult worms. Serum antibody responses to muscle stage larval antigen were detected in week 3 and increased subsequently. Both mastocytosis and antibody responses were more intense on secondary exposure to infection. Hamsters vaccinated with muscle stage larval antigen showed only a moderately accelerated loss of the intestinal phase but the fecundity of worms was severely suppressed. Overall it was concluded that the hamster host provided a model of trichinellosis that, in many respects was closer than mice and rats to the pattern of infection seen in economically and clinically important host species.

scholarly journals Trichinella spiralis: impact on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene during the intestinal phase of experimental trichinellosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-496
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wojtkowiak-Giera ◽  
Elżbieta Wandurska-Nowak ◽  
Monika Derda ◽  
Wiesława Jankowska ◽  
Paweł P. Jagodziński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Intestinal Phase ◽  
Strong Positive Reaction ◽  
Tlr4 Gene ◽  
Rapid Activation

AbstractIntroduction: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in the rapid activation of the innate immune response to a variety of pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Trichinella spiralis infection on the level of expression of the tlr4 gene in mouse intestines during the intestinal phase of experimental trichinellosis.Material and Methods: The experimental material consisted of the small and large intestines of BALB/c mice infected with Trichinella spiralis sampled at 4, 8, and 16 days post infection (dpi).Results: A statistically significant increase was demonstrated in the tlr4 mRNA level isolated from the infected mice jejunum at 4, 8, and 16 dpi over the uninfected control. Moreover, at 4, 8, and 16 dpi in the jejunum of infected mice, a strong positive reaction for the presence of TLR4 protein compared with that of uninfected mice was observed.Conclusion: Infection with T. spiralis changes the expression of the tlr4 gene in the small intestine of the mouse host.

scholarly journals Effect of the expulsion phase of Trichinella spiralis on Hymenolepis diminuta infection in mice

Parasitology ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Behnke ◽  
P. W. Bland ◽  
D. Wakelin
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Intestinal Phase ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Cross Immunity

The rapid elimination of the intestinal phase of Trichinella spiralis in NIH mice is associated with progressive inflammation of the intestinal tract. The non-specific effects of this inflammation were studied in. mice concurrently infected with an unrelated parasite, Hymenolepis diminuta, which does not stimulate a visible inflammatory response but is also immunologically rejected by this strain of mice.It was demonstrated that the rejection phase of T. spiralis infection had a marked effect upon the growth and survival of H. diminuta,. The cestode either failed to establish or to grow; if the worms were already strobilate when inflammation developed then destrobilation occurred. There was no cross–immunity between the parasites, nor was the interaction a direct consequence of inter–specific competition.

Effect of T. spiralis infection on intestinal motor activity in the fasted state

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (5) ◽  
pp. G693-G701 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. E. Cowles ◽  
S. K. Sarna
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Intestinal Phase ◽  
Proximal Half ◽  
Force Transducers ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Giant Migrating Contractions

We sought to determine the effects of Trichinella spiralis infection on small intestinal motor activity in the fasted state in dogs and relate it to clinical symptoms during the intestinal phase of trichinosis. Motor activity was recorded by strain gauge force transducers. Infection with T. spiralis resulted in a significant increase in the incidence and proximal origination of giant migrating contractions (GMCs) during the first 5 days postinfection. This was also the time when the dogs had diarrhea. The dogs were often restless and showed signs of discomfort during proximally originating GMCs. The incidence of retrograde giant contractions (RGCs) increased significantly on the 2nd and 3rd day postinfection. RGCs were followed by vomiting 71% of the time during infection. The migrating motor complex cycle length increased significantly, and this was due to intestinal "amyogenesia" and "dysmyogenesia". During these phenomena, electrical control activity was almost completely obliterated in the proximal half of the small intestine (amyogenesia) and became irregular and unstable in the distal half (dysmyogenesia). Intestinal amyogenesia and dysmyogenesia lasted up to 4 h and were terminated by a GMC. We conclude that diarrhea induced by T. spiralis infection is closely associated with an increase in the incidence and proximal origin of GMCs. These GMCs may also be the motor correlates of abdominal cramping and pain during the intestinal phase of trichinosis.

Novel albendazole formulations given during the intestinal phase of Trichinella spiralis infection reduce effectively parasitic muscle burden in mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustina García ◽  
María G. Barrera ◽  
Gisela Piccirilli ◽  
María D. Vasconi ◽  
Ricardo J. Di Masso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Intestinal Phase

Intestinal Phase of Trichinella spiralis in Congenitally Athymic (Nude) Mice

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Ruitenberg ◽  
P. A. Steerenberg
Keyword(s):  
Nude Mice ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Athymic Nude Mice ◽  
Intestinal Phase

scholarly journals The effect of concurrent infection with Trichinella spiralis on Hymenolepis microstoma in mice

Parasitology ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Howard ◽  
P. R. Christie ◽  
D. Wakelin ◽  
M. M. Wilson ◽  
J. M. Behnke
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Concurrent Infection ◽  
Intestinal Phase ◽  
Inflammatory Component ◽  
Hymenolepis Microstoma

SummaryThe intestinal changes brought about by rejection of Trichinella spiralis from mice were studied in relation to their effects on a concurrent infection with Hymenolepis microstoma, a cestode not normally rejected from mice. The rejection phase of T. spiralis was associated with a marked stunting of growth of H. microstoma given just before, during, or just after rejection of the nematode. The survival of H. microstoma was affected only when rejection of T. spiralis coincided with the intestinal phase of the cestode: if T. spiralis rejection was timed to occur after the scolex of the cestode had entered the bile duct there was no loss of H. microstoma. It is suggested that the adverse effects on growth and establishment of H. microstoma were due to the non-specific inflammatory component of the host's response to infection with T. spiralis.

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