Sheep as a Potential Reservoir Host for Schistosoma intercalatum

1978 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flemming Frandsen ◽  
Jesper Monrad ◽  
Niels Ornbjerg Christensen ◽  
Peter Nansen
Keyword(s):  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Schistosoma Intercalatum

scholarly journals First Report of Enteromyxum leei (Myxozoa) in the Black Sea in a Potential Reservoir Host Chromis chromis

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet ^|^Ouml;zer ◽  
T^|^uuml;rkay ^|^Ouml;zt^|^uuml;rk ◽  
Hakan ^|^Ouml;zkan ◽  
Arzu ^|^Ccedil;am
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
First Report ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Enteromyxum Leei

scholarly journals Rabies in the African Civet: An Incidental Host for Lyssaviruses?

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude T. Sabeta ◽  
Denise A. Marston ◽  
Lorraine M. McElhinney ◽  
Daniel L. Horton ◽  
Baby M. N. Phahladira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
North East ◽  
Virus Transfer ◽  
Independent Cycle ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Continue Monitoring ◽  
Incidental Host

In South Africa, canid rabies virus (RABV) infection is maintained in domestic and wildlife species. The identification of rabies in African civets raised the question of whether this wildlife carnivore is a potential reservoir host of RABVs of direct and ancestral dog origin (dog-maintained and dog-derived origins) with an independent cycle of transmission. Genetic analyses of African civet nucleoprotein sequences for 23 African civet RABVs and historically published sequences demonstrated that RABVs from African civets have two origins related to dog and mongoose rabies enzootics. The data support observations of the interaction of civets with domestic dogs and wildlife mongooses, mostly in Northern South Africa and North-East Zimbabwe. Within each host species clade, African civet RABVs group exclusively together, implying intra-species virus transfer occurs readily. The canid RABV clade appears to support virus transfer more readily between hosts than mongoose RABVs. Furthermore, these data probably indicate short transmission chains with conspecifics that may be related to transient rabies maintenance in African civets. Hence, it is important to continue monitoring the emergence of lyssaviruses in this host. Observations from this study are supported by ongoing and independent similar cases, in which bat-eared foxes and black-backed jackal species maintain independent rabies cycles of what were once dog-maintained RABVs.

Didelphis marsupialis(Common Opossum): A Potential Reservoir Host for Zoonotic Leishmaniasis in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais, Brazil)

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk D.F.H. Schallig ◽  
Eduardo S. da Silva ◽  
Wendy F. van der Meide ◽  
Gerard J. Schoone ◽  
Celia M.F. Gontijo
Keyword(s):  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Belo Horizonte

Red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) as a potential reservoir host of cardiorespiratory parasites in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2016 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Hodžić ◽  
Amer Alić ◽  
Ismar Klebić ◽  
Mirsad Kadrić ◽  
Emanuele Brianti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Potential Reservoir

scholarly journals Environmental DNA from multiple pathogens is elevated near active Atlantic salmon farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1937) ◽  
pp. 20202010
Author(s):  
Dylan Shea ◽  
Andrew Bateman ◽  
Shaorong Li ◽  
Amy Tabata ◽  
Angela Schulze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Salmon Farm ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
A Site ◽  
Multiple Pathogens

The spread of infection from reservoir host populations is a key mechanism for disease emergence and extinction risk and is a management concern for salmon aquaculture and fisheries. Using a quantitative environmental DNA methodology, we assessed pathogen environmental DNA in relation to salmon farms in coastal British Columbia, Canada, by testing for 39 species of salmon pathogens (viral, bacterial, and eukaryotic) in 134 marine environmental samples at 58 salmon farm sites (both active and inactive) over 3 years. Environmental DNA from 22 pathogen species was detected 496 times and species varied in their occurrence among years and sites, likely reflecting variation in environmental factors, other native host species, and strength of association with domesticated Atlantic salmon. Overall, we found that the probability of detecting pathogen environmental DNA (eDNA) was 2.72 (95% CI: 1.48, 5.02) times higher at active versus inactive salmon farm sites and 1.76 (95% CI: 1.28, 2.42) times higher per standard deviation increase in domesticated Atlantic salmon eDNA concentration at a site. If the distribution of pathogen eDNA accurately reflects the distribution of viable pathogens, our findings suggest that salmon farms serve as a potential reservoir for a number of infectious agents; thereby elevating the risk of exposure for wild salmon and other fish species that share the marine environment.

scholarly journals Laboratory Investigations of African Pouched Rats (Cricetomys gambianus) as a Potential Reservoir Host Species for Monkeypox Virus

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e0004013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina L. Hutson ◽  
Yoshinori J. Nakazawa ◽  
Joshua Self ◽  
Victoria A. Olson ◽  
Russell L. Regnery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Monkeypox Virus ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Cricetomys Gambianus ◽  
Pouched Rats

scholarly journals Using host traits to predict reservoir host species of rabies virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. e0008940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E. L. Worsley-Tonks ◽  
Luis E. Escobar ◽  
Roman Biek ◽  
Mariana Castaneda-Guzman ◽  
Meggan E. Craft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Disease ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Reservoir Species ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
Gradient Boosting Machine ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Species Specific

Wildlife are important reservoirs for many pathogens, yet the role that different species play in pathogen maintenance frequently remains unknown. This is the case for rabies, a viral disease of mammals. While Carnivora (carnivores) and Chiroptera (bats) are the canonical mammalian orders known to be responsible for the maintenance and onward transmission of rabies Lyssavirus (RABV), the role of most species within these orders remains unknown and is continually changing as a result of contemporary host shifting. We combined a trait-based analytical approach with gradient boosting machine learning models to identify physiological and ecological host features associated with being a reservoir for RABV. We then used a cooperative game theory approach to determine species-specific traits associated with known RABV reservoirs. Being a carnivore reservoir for RABV was associated with phylogenetic similarity to known RABV reservoirs, along with other traits such as having larger litters and earlier sexual maturity. For bats, location in the Americas and geographic range were the most important predictors of RABV reservoir status, along with having a large litter. Our models identified 44 carnivore and 34 bat species that are currently not recognized as RABV reservoirs, but that have trait profiles suggesting their capacity to be or become reservoirs. Further, our findings suggest that potential reservoir species among bats and carnivores occur both within and outside of areas with current RABV circulation. These results show the ability of a trait-based approach to detect potential reservoirs of infection and could inform rabies control programs and surveillance efforts by identifying the types of species and traits that facilitate RABV maintenance and transmission.

Petroleum geological activities onshore West Greenland in 1996, and drilling of a deep exploration well

1997 ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flemming G. Christiansen ◽  
Anders Boesen ◽  
Finn Dalhoff ◽  
Asger K. Pedersen ◽  
Gunver K. Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Deep Exploration ◽  
Exploration Well ◽  
Shed Light

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Christiansen, F. G., Boesen, A., Dalhoff, F., Pedersen, A. K., Pedersen, G. K., Riisager, P., & Zinck-Jørgensen, K. (1997). Petroleum geological activities onshore West Greenland in 1996, and drilling of a deep exploration well. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 176, 17-23. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v176.5055 _______________ The 1996 summer season saw continued petroleum geological activities in the Disko–Nuussuaq area, onshore West Greenland. These took the form of a geological field project led by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), and continued commercial exploration by grønArctic Energy Inc. (grønArctic). In the second year of their licence, grønArctic carried out an airborne geophysical programme early in 1996 and drilled a c. 3 km deep exploration well on Nuussuaq, GRO#3, in the late summer (Fig. 1). Although the detailed results from grønArctic’s exploration are confidential (apart from the information made available at conferences and in press releases), it is evident that knowledge of the Nuussuaq Basin has greatly increased in recent years and that the basin has considerable exploration potential of its own (see Christiansen et al., 1995b, 1996a). The activities by GEUS and the exploration by grønArctic will significantly improve the understanding of the petroleum system of the basin; available data from the 1996 activities have shed light on the types and distribution of oils, source rocks and potential reservoir units.

DETECTION OF LEISHMANIA INFECTION IN STRAY DOGS IN HUMAN LEISHMANIASIS ENDEMIC AREA IN MYMENSINGH DISTRICT WITH ITS POSSIBLE PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE IN BANGLADESH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Hossen
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Asymptomatic Carrier ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Human Leishmaniasis ◽  
Strip Test

Background: Leishmaniasis is primarily caused by two species of Leishmania (L. donovani and L. infantum) of which clinical infection with L. infantum has been recognized in both humans and dogs as zoonotic disease with dogs as the main reservoir hosts in the Mediterranean, the Middle East, Asia and South America. Although L. donovani has been associated with both clinical and asymptomatic infection in humans but it is still associated with asymptomatic infection in dogs in Indian sub-continent without any evidence of zoonotic infection. Objectives: The objective of this research was to investigate the potentiality of dog as reservoir host for visceral leishmaniasis in the human leishmaniasis endemic regions in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 stray dogs in the human VL endemic areas of Mymensingh district were captured for the detection VL during the period of November 2010 to May 2011. The dipstick test rK39 (Bios International; n = 20), Giemsa’s stained impression smears of liver and spleen (n = 6) and PCR with the tissue of liver and spleen (n = 6) were tested as per manufacturer instructions and conventional standard methods. Results: Out of 20 stray dogs examined, 4 (20.0%) were positive for L. donovani infection with rK39 strip test. Of the six randomly selected dogs tested with Modified Giemsa’s stained of impression smears of spleen and liver showed 2 (33.33%) positive whereas PCR technique detected 5 (83.33%) positive for L. donovani. Results of PCR showed 145bp amplicon, specific for L. donovani infection in 83.33% stray dogs. Conclusions: This study reveals that a high percentage of L. donovani asymptomatic carrier infections occur in dogs and evidence indicates that dogs and humans may potentially serve as a source of infection to sand fly vectors and accordingly dogs can be recognized as a probable animal reservoir for the Leishmania infection in the endemic region in Bangladesh. However, further studies are required to determine the ability of dogs to transmit the L. donovani to the vector sand fly in nature and its evidence on ‘One Health’ perspectives. Keywords: Visceral leishmaniasis, Endemic region, Stray dogs, rK39 strip test, Giemsa’s stained liver and spleen impression smears, PCR, Reservoir host, Mymensingh

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