Chitinase Activity in Developmental Stages of Ascaris suum and Its Inhibition by Antibody

1969 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Justus ◽  
Michael H. Ivey
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Chitinase Activity

scholarly journals The Ovistatic Effect of Saprotrophic Soil Fungi on Ascaris suum Eggs

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Lidia Kołodziejczyk ◽  
Kinga Mazurkiewicz-Zapałowicz ◽  
Magdalena Twarużek ◽  
Jan Grajewski ◽  
Łukasz Łopusiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Fungal Enzymes ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
High Cytotoxicity

The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential use of selected species of soil fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, F. sulphureum, F. verticillioides, and Penicillium expansum) for the bioregulation of the dispersive stages of a parasitic nematode – the large roundworm of pig (Ascaris suum). Experimental cultures containing A. suum eggs with soil fungi and control cultures without fungi were incubated at 26°C for 28 days. Microscopic observations of the developmental stages of the A. suum eggs (zygote, 2-8 blastomeres, morula/blastula, gastrula, and larva) were performed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The API-ZYM test was used to semi-quantitatively determine the activity of 19 hydrolytic fungal enzymes. The cytotoxicity of the fungi was determined with a tetrazole salt MTT assay. Microscopic observations of A. suum eggs incubated in the presence of fungi up to day 28 did not show any signs of destruction to egg shells and/or penetration of the fungi into the eggs. The ovistatic effect of all tested fungi (F. sulphureum, P. expansum, F. verticillioides, and F. oxysporum; p<0.05) was seen only on the 7th day of incubation, whereas on the 14th day, only F. verticillioides and F. oxysporum showed an inhibitory effect on the embryogenesis of A. suum, and by the 28th day, only P. expansum. The API-ZYM test showed differences in the hydrolytic activity of the tested strains, while the MTT assay showed the high cytotoxicity of F. sulphureum, the moderate cytotoxicity of F. verticillioides and P. expansum, and the low cytotoxicity of F. oxysporum. Among the fungal strains studied, F. sulphureum showed the highest ovistatic effect, which may be related to its enzymatic activity and cytotoxicity.

The cuticular biology in developmental stages of Ascaris suum

Acta Tropica ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond H. Fetterer ◽  
Dolores E. Hill ◽  
Joseph F. Urban
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ascaris Suum

scholarly journals A newly formed telomere in Ascaris suum does not exert a telomere position effect on a nearby gene.

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y J Huang ◽  
R Stoffel ◽  
H Tobler ◽  
F Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Chromosomal Breakage ◽  
Chromatin Diminution ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Protein Encoding

During the process of chromatin diminution in Ascaris suum (formerly named Ascaris lumbricoides var. suum), developmentally regulated chromosomal fragmentation and new telomere addition occur within specific chromosomal breakage regions (CBRs). The DNA sequences flanking one of these CBRs (CBR-1) were analyzed, and two protein-encoding genes were found on either side. The noneliminated gene, agp-1, whose AUG start codon is located within approximately 2 kb of the boundary of CBR-1, encodes a putative GTP-binding protein which is structurally related to eukaryotic and prokaryotic elongation factors. Northern (RNA) blot analyses revealed that transcripts of this gene are present at all developmental stages, suggesting that the massive chromosomal rearrangements associated with the process of chromatin diminution have no influence on agp-1 expression. This demonstrates that addition of new telomeres in CBR-1 does not result in a telomeric position effect, a phenomenon previously described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Seasonal variation in development and survival of Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis eggs on pastures

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. LARSEN ◽  
A. ROEPSTORFF
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
Trichuris Suis ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Post Deposition ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Study Development

Pig faeces were deposited on experimental plots in the spring, summer, autumn and winter to study development and survival of Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis eggs under outdoor conditions. Faeces were placed either in short grass or 2 cm below the surface of bare soil, imitating pastures used by nose-ringed, grazing pigs or normally rooting pigs, respectively. The numbers and developmental stages of the eggs were recorded in faeces and soil for up to 50 weeks post-deposition. Embryonation took place only during the summer months and seemingly was independent of the microclimate. The majority of A. suum and T. suis eggs, which are generally considered to be extremely resistant and long-lived, seems to disappear rather fast. The disappearance rate for A. suum eggs was higher than for T. suis eggs, and both egg types disappeared significantly faster in the summer months than in the winter months, and when placed in short grass than when buried in soil (less exposed). We discuss how knowledge on egg development and survival may be used in the planning of pasture strategies for control of helminth infections in outdoor pigs.

Biotin as a probe of the surface of Ascaris suum developmental stages

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolores E. Hill ◽  
Raymond H. Fetterer ◽  
Joseph F. Urban
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ascaris Suum

Antigenic analysis of the developmental stages of Ascaris suum

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Williams ◽  
E.J.L. Soulsby
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Antigenic Analysis

scholarly journals Chitinase Activities in Wheat and Its Relative Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Moravčíková ◽  
Nikoleta Ujvariová ◽  
Iwona Žur ◽  
Zdenka Gálová ◽  
Zuzana Gregorová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Triticum Monococcum ◽  
Early Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Defense components such as chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) are crucial for plants to cope diseases. Despite of that the pattern and activities of these enzymes in agronomically important Triticale is unexplored. This work is aimed to study chitinase activities in the leaves of plants of early developmental stages in two diploids (Aegilops tauschii Coss., Triticum monococcum L.), four tetraploids (Ae. cylindrical Host, Ae. triuncialis L., T. araraticum Jakubyz, T. dicoccum Schrank) and two hexaploids (T. aestivum L., T. spelta L.). The leaves were subjected to quantitative and qualitative activity assays using synthetic 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-N,N´,N´´-triacetylchitotrioside and glycolchitin as substrates, respectively. Our results showed that the activities of chitinases with specificity towards short oligomers were variable and genotype dependent. The enzyme activities in the tetra- and hexaploid genotypes were significantly higher than in diplod counterparts. In the gel detection assays were revealed up to four fractions (~20, 30, 42 and 95 kDa) of proteins with the chitinase activity towards long chain polymers. The isoform of ~30 kDa was identified in all analyzed genotypes. Among the seven acidic and three basic chitinase fractions identified, three acidic (ChiA, ChiB, ChiC) and two (ChiH, ChiI) fractions were present in all genotypes. None of the isoforms can be assigned as specific with respect to ploidy.

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