Functional Morphology and Histochemistry of Structural Proteins of the Genital Cone of Cooperia punctata (Von Linstow, 1907) Ransom, 1907, a Nematode Parasite of Ruminants

1969 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Stringfellow
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Nematode Parasite ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Genital Cone

Observations on Pseudanisakis rotundata (Rudolphi, 1819) Mozgovoi, 1950, a Common but Little Known Nematode Parasite of Raia radiata Donovan in the Northern North Sea

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 199-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Harford Williams ◽  
D. H. H. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Nematode Parasite ◽  
Northern North Sea ◽  
Mode Of Attachment ◽  
Infection Mode ◽  
Coccidian Infection

Pseudanisakis rotundata (Rudolphi, 1819) Mozgovoi, 1950, from Raia radiaia in the northern North Sea is redescribed and figured with particular reference to the degree of infection, mode of attachment, the functional morphology of the genitalia and to a possible association between this nematode and a coccidian infection of the same host species. Ressons are given for rejecting Eustoma Piette 1855, as a generic name for a nematode as it is already in use for a Jurassic prosobranch mollusc.

Observations on the movements and structure of the bursa of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Nematospiroides dubius

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1466-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Croll ◽  
K. A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Functional Morphology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pacemaker Activity ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Genital Cone ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Nematospiroides Dubius

There is growing evidence of the autonomy of the movements of certain organ systems in nematodes. The copulatory bursa of male strongylines is believed to aid in mating, although there arc very few reports of this. Furthermore, it has been suggested that movements of the bursa are stimulated by a pheromone secreted by the female. Bursal movements were investigated with respect to these themes and the fine structure of the bursa of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis was examined. When the bursa was ligatured and isolated from the body, bursal movements of N. brasiliensis and Nematospiroides dubius were greatly increased for extended periods. The movements showed rhythmic pacemaker activity and they simulated the movements observed in the normal mating of N. dubius. The bursa of N. brasiliensis was found to have muscular and sensory elements, a nerve was shown to be present in both spicules, and sensory elements were located in the genital cone. The increase in movements is believed to result from the removal of an inhibitor associated with the circumpharyngeal commissure. These results are discussed in terms of other observations on control mechanisms in nematodes and their functional morphology.

Functional significance of preserved color patterns of mollusks from the Gosport Sand (Eocene) of Alabama

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia H. Kelley ◽  
Charles T. Swann
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Life Mode ◽  
Molluscan Fauna ◽  
Excellent Preservation ◽  
Architectural Constraints

The excellent preservation of the molluscan fauna from the Gosport Sand (Eocene) at Little Stave Creek, Alabama, has made it possible to describe the preserved color patterns of 15 species. In this study the functional significance of these color patterns is tested in the context of the current adaptationist controversy. The pigment of the color pattern is thought to be a result of metabolic waste disposal. Therefore, the presence of the pigment is functional, although the patterns formed by the pigment may or may not have been adaptive. In this investigation the criteria proposed by Seilacher (1972) for testing the functionality of color patterns were applied to the Gosport fauna and the results compared with life mode as interpreted from knowledge of extant relatives and functional morphology. Using Seilacher's criteria of little ontogenetic and intraspecific variability, the color patterns appear to have been functional. However, the functional morphology studies indicate an infaunal life mode which would preclude functional color patterns. Particular color patterns are instead interpreted to be the result of historical factors, such as multiple adaptive peaks or random fixation of alleles, or of architectural constraints including possibly pleiotropy or allometry. The low variability of color patterns, which was noted within species and genera, suggests that color patterns may also serve a useful taxonomic purpose.

Exposure of protein VP7 on the surface of bluetongue virus

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
A.D. Hyatt
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Outer Coat ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Antibody Recognition ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Family ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Physical Accessibility

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the type species os the genus orbivirus in the family Reoviridae. The virus has a fibrillar outer coat containing two major structural proteins VP2 and VP5 which surround an icosahedral core. The core contains two major proteins VP3 and VP7 and three minor proteins VP1, VP4 and VP6. Recent evidence has indicated that the core comprises a neucleoprotein center which is surrounded by two protein layers; VP7, a major constituent of capsomeres comprises the outer and VP3 the inner layer of the core . Antibodies to VP7 are currently used in enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays and immuno-electron microscopical (JEM) tests for the detection of BTV. The tests involve the antibody recognition of VP7 on virus particles. In an attempt to understand how complete viruses can interact with antibodies to VP7 various antibody types and methodologies were utilized to determine the physical accessibility of the core to the external environment.

Hepatitis C Virus Structural Proteins and Activation of Toll-Like Receptors

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Hoffmann ◽  
P Henneke ◽  
S Weichert ◽  
H Barth ◽  
B Gissler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Toll Like Receptors

An experimental and theoretical approach to understand Fever, DENF & its cure

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar Vishvakarma ◽  
Ramesh Chandra ◽  
Prashant Singh
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Ns3 Protease ◽  
Prime Target

: Fever is a response of human body due to an increase the temperature against the certain stimuli. It may be associated with several reasons and one of the major causes of fever is mosquito bite. Fever due to dengue virus (DENV) infection is being paid most attention out of several other fevers because of a large number of deaths reported worldwide. Dengue virus is transmitted by biting of the mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. DENV1, DENV2, DENV3 and DENV4 are the four serotypes of dengue virus and these serotypes have 65% similarities in their genomic structure. Genome of DENV is composed of single stranded RNA and it encodes for the polyprotein. Structural and non-structural proteins (nsP) are the two major part of protese. Researchers have paid high attention on the non-structural protease (nsP) of DENV like nsP1, nsP2A, nsP2B, nsP3, nsP4A, nsP4B and nsP5. The NS2B-NS3 protease of DENV is the prime target of the researchers as it is responsible for the catalytic activity. In the present time, Dengvaxia (vaccine) is being recommended to the patients suffering severely due to DENV infection in few countries only. Till date, neither a vaccine nor an effective medicine is available to combat with all four serotypes. This review describes the fever, its causes and studies to cure the infection due to DENV using theoretical and experimental approaches.

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