A Perfusion Apparatus for Maintenance and Observation of Schistosomes In vitro

1958 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred W. Senft
Keyword(s):  
Perfusion Apparatus

Autoregulation in the developing postnatal intestinal circulation

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (2) ◽  
pp. G189-G193 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Nowicki ◽  
C. E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
Perfusion Apparatus ◽  
Intrinsic Regulation ◽  
Intestinal Circulation

The relationships among perfusion pressure, blood flow, and oxygen uptake were determined in in vitro ileal loops from 3- and 35-day-old swine. Arterial perfusion of the ileal loops was achieved using a reservoir perfusion apparatus that allowed direct manipulation of perfusion pressure. The hematocrit, partial pressure of oxygen, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide of the blood used to perfuse the gut loops were standardized. During steady-state perfusion at an arterial pressure of 100 mmHg and venous pressure of 0 mmHg, ileal loops from 3-day-old swine demonstrated a higher blood flow (55 vs. 27 ml.min-1.100 g-1, 3 vs. 35 day old) and lower arteriovenous oxygen content difference (3.5 vs. 6.6 ml O2/dl). Oxygen uptake was not statistically different between groups (1.99 vs. 1.76 ml O2.min-1.100 g-1). During perfusion pressure reduction from 150 to 25 mmHg (in successive decrements of 25 mmHg), pressure-flow autoregulation was present in ileal loops from 35-day-old swine but not in ileal loops from 3-day-old swine. Similarly, tissue oxygen uptake was more effectively maintained in ileal loops from older swine during perfusion pressure reductions. We speculate that the efficacy of intrinsic regulation of intestinal hemodynamics and oxygenation is dependent, in part, on postnatal age.

scholarly journals A SIMPLIFIED PERFUSION APPARATUS FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF LIVING ORGANS IN VITRO

1941 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-756
Author(s):  
Carlos Galli-Mainini
Keyword(s):  
Perfusion Apparatus

A simplified perfusion apparatus for the maintenance of living organs in vitro is described.

Synergistic effects of pressure, distal resistance, and vasoconstriction on stenosis

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (2) ◽  
pp. H236-H242 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Santamore ◽  
R. L. Kent ◽  
R. A. Carey ◽  
A. A. Bove
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Balloon Catheter ◽  
Arterial Segment ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Artery Pressure ◽  
Perfusion Apparatus

The synergistic effects of perfusion pressure, distal resistance, and arterial vasoconstriction on stenotic hemodynamics were examined using an in vitro arterial preparation. Canine carotid and coronary arteries were attached to a perfusion apparatus. Perfusion pressure and distal resistance were controlled independently. Arterial vasoconstriction was induced by perfusing the artery with a 100 mM K solution. A stenosis was created by partially inflating a balloon catheter within the artery. Pressure proximal and distal to the arterial segment and flow were measured. For the coronary arteries the combination of high perfusion pressure, high distal resistance, and arterial vasodilation decreased stenotic resistance to 0.79 +/- 0.10 mmHg . ml-1 . min, whereas low perfusion pressure, low distal resistance, and arterial vasoconstriction increased stenotic resistance to 22.40 +/- 4.90 mmHg . ml-1 . min (P less than 0.01). These large changes in stenotic resistance were accompanied by maximum and minimum flow rates of 86.1 +/- 6.0 and 5.5 +/- 1.1 ml/min, respectively (P less than 0.01). Qualitatively similar results were obtained with the carotid arteries. Thus perfusion pressure, distal resistance, and arterial vasoconstriction acted synergistically to greatly influence the severity of the stenosis.

Measurement in vitro of pulsatile arterial diameter using a helium-neon laser

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 679-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Brant ◽  
G. J. Rodgers ◽  
H. S. Borovetz
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Arterial Diameter ◽  
Helium Neon Laser ◽  
Perfusion Apparatus ◽  
Vascular Physiology ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
Pulsatile Perfusion ◽  
Helium Neon

A noncontacting in vitro measurement of pulsatile arterial diameter using a scanning optical micrometer is described. The major component of this system is a He-Ne laser whose beam scans the pulsating artery to be measured. The laser micrometer was integrated into a pulsatile perfusion apparatus that imposed various hemodynamic conditions on excised canine vessels. The laser system reliably tracked the pulsating arterial diameter at a particular longitudinal site as well as at various increments in the presence of an experimentally created stenosis. The He-Ne laser measured the radial motion of canine arteries and various vascular substitutes anastomosed in an end-to-end fashion. From these novel measurements, calculations were made of arterial compliance and bending stress, two biomechanical parameters that are implicated as potential causes of anastomotic intimal hyperplasia and graft failure. Although this device is inherently limited to in vitro use, it is a potentially useful instrument for vascular physiology and biophysics.

The use of proprietary tissue-culture media for the cultivation in vitro of the erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium knowlesi

Parasitology ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. I. Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
World Health ◽  
New Host ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Perfusion Apparatus ◽  
Cultivation In Vitro

An improved perfusion apparatus for the cultivation of malaria parasites is described. It consists of a sandwich of three chambers, of which the outer two contained medium and the inner contained the infected blood sample.Using this apparatus and rocker-dilution cultures it has been shown that medium ‘199’ and medium ‘NCTC 135’ are as good as the Harvard medium for the cultivation of P. knowlesi in vitro.The asexual cycle of P. knowlesi took slightly longer in vitro than in vivo. The stage of development at which the parasite was inoculated into culture affected the amount of reinvasion of new host cells. Thus, a greater amount of re-invasion was obtained with an inoculum of schizonts than with one of ring stage parasites. The rate of multiplication of the parasite decreased at each successive subculture.I should like to thank Dr F. Hawking and Dr J. Williamson for their advice, Mr T. J. Scott-Finnigan for technical assistance, Mr F. R. Wanless and Mr C. D. Sutton for taking the photographs, and Mr F. A. New for drawing the figures. The perfusion apparatus was made by Mr T. Harding of the Engineering Division, National Institute for Medical Research. This work received financial assistance from the World Health Organization.

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

In Vitro Induction of Crystals of MT Protein by Vinblastine-Colcemid in Mouse Spermatids

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
John J. Wolosewick ◽  
John H. D. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Nuclear Ring ◽  
Rough Er ◽  
Distal Direction ◽  
In Vitro Induction

Early in spermiogenesis the manchette is rapidly assembled in a distal direction from the nuclear-ring-densities. The association of vesicles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the manchette microtubules (MTS) has been reported. In the mouse, osmophilic densities at the distal ends of the manchette are the organizing centers (MTOCS), and are associated with the SER. Rapid MT assembly and the lack of rough ER suggests that there is an existing pool of MT protein. Colcemid potentiates the reaction of vinblastine with tubulin and was used in this investigation to detect this protein.

Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
E. J. Kollar
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Functional Derivatives ◽  
Specific Source ◽  
Dental Epithelium ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

Immunoenzymatic demonstration of the simultaneous presence of transferrin, hemopexin and albumin in a same hepatocyte and their ultrastructural localization

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
M. Kraemer ◽  
J. Foucrier ◽  
J. Vassy ◽  
M.T. Chalumeau
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Monospecific Antisera ◽  
Different Levels

Some authors using immunofluorescent techniques had already suggested that some hepatocytes are able to synthetize several plasma proteins. In vitro studies on normal cells or on cells issued of murine hepatomas raise the same conclusion. These works could be indications of an hepatocyte functionnal non-specialization, meanwhile the authors never give direct topographic proofs suitable with this hypothesis.The use of immunoenzymatic techniques after obtention of monospecific antisera had seemed to us useful to bring forward a better knowledge of this problem. We have studied three carrier proteins (transferrin = Tf, hemopexin = Hx, albumin = Alb) operating at different levels in iron metabolism by demonstrating and localizing the adult rat hepatocytes involved in their synthesis.Immunological, histological and ultrastructural methods have been described in a previous work.

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