Do commonly used indices of β‐diversity measure species turnover?

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Vellend
Keyword(s):  
Species Turnover ◽  
Diversity Measure ◽  
Β Diversity

Diversity metrics, species turnovers and nestedness of bird assemblages in a deep karst sinkhole

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrado Battisti ◽  
Marco Giardini ◽  
Francesca Marini ◽  
Lorena Di Rocco ◽  
Giuseppe Dodaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Bird Assemblages ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Stick Model ◽  
Karst Sinkhole

We reported a study on breeding birds occurring inside an 80 m-deep karst sinkhole, with the characterization of the assemblages recorded along its semi-vertical slopes from the upper edge until the bottom. The internal sides of the sinkhole have been vertically subdivided in four belts about 20 m high. The highest belt (at the upper edge of the cenote) showed the highest values in mean number of bird detections, mean and normalized species richness, and Shannon diversity index. The averaged values of number of detections and species richness significantly differ among belts. Species turnover (Cody’s β-diversity) was maximum between the highest belts. Whittaker plots showed a marked difference among assemblages shaping from broken-stick model to geometric series, and explicited a spatial progressive stress with a disruption in evenness towards the deepest belts. Bird assemblages evidenced a nested subset structure with deeper belts containing successive subsets of the species occurring in the upper belts. We hypothesize that, at least during the daytime in breeding season, the observed non-random distribution of species along the vertical stratification is likely due to (i) the progressive simplification both of the floristic composition and vegetation structure, and (ii) the paucity of sunlight as resources from the upper edge to the inner side of the cenote.

Dormant propagule banks of aquatic invertebrates in ponds invaded by exotic pine species in southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Stenert ◽  
Bruna Ehlert ◽  
Arthur Cardoso Ávila ◽  
Francisco Diogo Rocha Sousa ◽  
Fernanda Mara Esquinatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Pine Invasion ◽  
Dry Sediments ◽  
Pine Species

Exotic pine invasion affects native wetland communities in the Southern Hemisphere by changing the hydrological regimen and physicochemical characteristics. Studies evaluating the emergence of aquatic invertebrates from dormant stages are vital to identify the resilience of aquatic communities in ponds invaded by exotic pine species. In the present study, we tested the hypotheses that: (1) pine invasion decreases the richness of drought-resistant aquatic invertebrates in ponds; (2) pine invasion modifies the invertebrate composition in ponds; and (3) these differences in species composition (β diversity) are associated primarily with species turnover. Dry sediment samples were collected from three natural ponds in native grassland and three ponds in a pine invasion matrix in southern Brazil. In all, 7205 invertebrates, primarily represented by cladocerans (18 species), were sampled after rewetting dry sediments. Pine invasion decreased the richness of aquatic invertebrates because the natural ponds had almost 60% more species and a higher number of estimated species than the pine ponds. The composition differed between natural and pine ponds, and this difference in species composition (β diversity) was associated primarily with the replacement of some species by others. The presence of pine appears to alter colonisation and survival rates of aquatic invertebrates that aestivate in dry sediments in southern Brazil wetlands.

scholarly journals Taxonomic and Functional Response of Millipedes (Diplopoda) to Urban Soil Disturbance in a Metropolitan Area

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsolt Tóth ◽  
Elisabeth Hornung
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
And Function

Urbanization, as a major cause of local species extinction and biotic homogenization, drastically alters soil life. Millipedes are a key group of soil macrodetritivores and significantly influence soil quality, mainly through their essential role in nutrient cycling. Therefore, studying their taxonomic and functional responses to urban disturbance is crucial, as they contribute to the provision of several soil-related ecosystem services in cities. Differently degraded rural, urban forests and other woody patches (e.g., parks, gardens, and cemeteries) were sampled on Buda and Pest sides of the Budapest metropolitan area divided by the Danube River. We measured the most relevant physical and chemical properties of topsoil to characterize habitats. We applied an urbanization index based on vegetation cover and built-up area of the study sites to quantify urban intensity. The composition of the assemblages was determined by the division of the city along the Danube. Urbanization was associated with a reduction in species and functional richness of millipedes on both sides of Budapest. β diversity and species turnover increased with urban intensity. Urban disturbance was the main driver in assembly of taxonomic and functional community composition. A new species (Cylindroiulus caeruleocinctus (Wood, 1864)) to the fauna of Budapest was found. Detritivore invertebrates depend on leaf litter and other dead organic matter types, therefore microsites providing these resources greatly improve their survival. Due to increasing urban disturbance, it is recommended to provide appropriate detritus and shelter sites as part of the management of green spaces in order to maintain species richness, abundance, and function of species.

Species body size distribution patterns of marine benthic macrofauna assemblages from contrasting sediment types

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Parry ◽  
Michael A. Kendall ◽  
Ashley A. Rowden ◽  
Stephen Widdicombe
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Benthic Macrofauna ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Size Spectra ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Geometric Size

Species body size spectra have been constructed for macrofauna assemblages from four sites with contrasting sediment granulometry and heterogeneity in and around Plymouth Sound. The number of species and species turnover (β diversity) were higher on coarse sediment. While the fauna were distinct between sites, the median geometric size-class was conservative (class 14; 0.153–0.305 mg dry blotted weight). Only one site had significantly lower heterogeneity within the species size spectrum, yet this was the most heterogeneous sediment. As such, we were unable to reject the null hypothesis that species body size distribution patterns are conservative despite differences in sediment granulometry and heterogeneity.

Wildfire effects on β-diversity and species turnover in a forested landscape

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Reilly ◽  
Michael C. Wimberly ◽  
Claire L. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Species Turnover ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Wildfire Effects

Holy or Not, Israel is a Palaearctic Biodiversity Hotspot

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-211
Author(s):  
Yoni Gavish
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Statistical Prediction ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Species Area ◽  
Prediction Limits ◽  
Global Biodiversity

In their rebuttal to my comment, Roll et al. (2011) defend their original conclusion, by questioning the theoretical framework on which I based my analysis. They stress the importance of the statistical prediction limits and the treatment of latitudinal location as a covariate. They also add an additional grid-cell-based analysis. Here, I claim that even if provincial species-area relationships (SPAR) are not parallel, they are still different. While relying on Roll et al.'s (2011) analyses, I show that for each taxon there is at least one other provincial SPAR that lies considerably above the Palaearctic SPAR, making Palaearctic countries less favorable to be identified as a global biodiversity hotspot. I further claim that prediction limits should not be used to answer the question in focus and that adding latitude as a covariate does not alter the results. Finally, I address the grid-cell analyses of Roll et al. (2011), claiming that Israel's diversity lies mainly in the species turnover between cells (i.e., β diversity) and not on the average species richness within cells (α diversity). Therefore I hold on to my former conclusion that at least for three taxa—birds, mammals, and reptiles—Israel is indeed a Palaearctic provincial hotspot.

scholarly journals The impact of withdrawing aquaculture facilities on metazooplankton communities in the lakes are connected to the Yangtze River, China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252100
Author(s):  
Yixing Zhang ◽  
Yutao Wang ◽  
Zhongze Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities ◽  
The Impact

The withdrawal of aquaculture facilities has an important impact on the aquatic ecosystem of the lakes connected to the Yangtze River. In order to elucidate the response mechanism of metazooplankton to the changes in water environment after the removal of aquaculture facilities, we collected metazooplankton samples and investigated the water environment in the Huayanghe Lakes from the summer of 2018 to the spring of 2019. Aquatic plants recovered quickly, and water eutrophication was relieved, especially in Lake Huangda, followed by Lake Bo. During our study, the highest regional (γ) diversity was 71 in summer, while the lowest was 32 in winter. Species turnover in space (β diversity) varied between 10.01 and 56.52, which was highest in summer. Based on redundancy analysis, environmental factors such as transparency, Chl α, water temperature and water depth, had greatly effects on the metazooplankton community structure. The results showed that the restoration of aquatic plants increased species diversity and metazooplankton density. This study provides a data basis for lakes restoration and a scientific basis for the management and protection of lakes water ecosystem.

scholarly journals The many forms of beta diversity: a comment on McGill et al. and some notational suggestions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Jeppsson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
The Many

Fundamentally, beta diversity is a measure of species turnover across time or space. In practice, it is sometimes unclear exactly what aspect of beta diversity that is implied in studies. For instance, a trend in ’spatial beta diversity’ can be used to refer to both differences in spatial beta diversity between sites, as well as a temporal trend in spatial beta diversity (at the same site). In a recent review, McGill et al. [1] provide a useful and much needed overview of different aspects of biodiversity change, and show areas where we lack knowledge. Even so, McGill et al. ignore some aspects of beta diversity and sometimes pool different types of beta diversity under the same heading. However, their review mainly focused on temporal trends in diversity, while I here want to highlight spatial patterns in temporal β -diversity (species turnover) as an important but somewhat overlooked component of biodiversity change. Furthermore, I propose a slightly modified classification and nomenclature of metrics of biodiversity change, with the aim of complementing their review. The notation used here can hopefully be useful to other authors as well.

scholarly journals Revisiting spatial and temporal patterns of dung beetles in Brazilian Pampa: the role of β-diversity process-related components

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Giovâni da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Species Turnover ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Dissimilarity Coefficient ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Forest Ecotone

β-diversity is a key measure to understand biodiversity patterns across spatial and temporal scales. In this study, two published datasets on dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) from Brazilian Pampa are re-analyzed aiming to investigate the role of β-diversity process-related components based on composition- and abundance-based approaches for both spatial (grassland-forest ecotone) and temporal (samplings along a year) scales. Dung beetles were sampled in a grassland-forest ecotone in October 2006 and in a grassland area monthly during an entire year (December 2006 to November 2007), using baited pitfall traps. β-diversity was decomposed into turnover and nestedness-resultant components based on Jaccard dissimilarity coefficient, and also into balanced variation in abundance and abundance gradients based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity coefficient. Both environmental (spatial scale) and climatic (temporal scale) differences affected dung beetles similarly in terms of species replacement and nestedness patterns, and similarly in terms of variation in abundance and abundance gradients. For both spatial and temporal approach, the species turnover and the variation in species abundances were higher, while nestedness patterns and abundance gradients were of minor relative importance.

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