A general risk process and its properties

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Scheike
Keyword(s):  
Risk Process ◽  
Jump Size ◽  
The Past ◽  
Distributional Properties ◽  
Jump Time ◽  
The Law ◽  
Jump Sizes

We construct a risk process, where the law of the next jump time or jump size can depend on the past through earlier jump times and jump sizes. Some distributional properties of this process are established. The compensator is found and some martingale properties are discussed.

A general risk process and its properties

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Scheike
Keyword(s):  
Risk Process ◽  
Jump Size ◽  
The Past ◽  
Distributional Properties ◽  
Jump Time ◽  
The Law ◽  
Jump Sizes

We construct a risk process, where the law of the next jump time or jump size can depend on the past through earlier jump times and jump sizes. Some distributional properties of this process are established. The compensator is found and some martingale properties are discussed.

Distributions of jumps in a continuous-state branching process with immigration

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1166-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin He ◽  
Zenghu Li
Keyword(s):  
Branching Process ◽  
Lévy Measure ◽  
Borel Set ◽  
Jump Size ◽  
Distributional Properties ◽  
Continuous State ◽  
Continuous State Branching Process ◽  
Jump Time ◽  
Branching Process With Immigration

Abstract We study the distributional properties of jumps in a continuous-state branching process with immigration. In particular, a representation is given for the distribution of the first jump time of the process with jump size in a given Borel set. From this result we derive a characterization for the distribution of the local maximal jump of the process. The equivalence of this distribution and the total Lévy measure is then studied. For the continuous-state branching process without immigration, we also study similar problems for its global maximal jump.

THE 2017 AMENDMENTS TO THE LAW REFORM (MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE) ACT 1976: A MILESTONE OR A STONE’S THROW IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MALAYSIAN FAMILY LAW?

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-479
Author(s):  
Sridevi Thambapillay
Keyword(s):  
Child Custody ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marriage And Divorce ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
Family Issues ◽  
The Law ◽  
Muslim Family

The Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976 (LRA) which was passed in 1976 and came into force on 1st March 1982, standardized the laws concerning non-Muslim family matters. Many family issues concerning non-Muslim have emerged ever since, the most important being the effects of unilateral conversion to Islam by one of the parties to the marriage. There has been a lot of public hue and cry for amendments to be made to the LRA. After much deliberation, the Malaysian Parliament finally passed the amendments to the LRA in October 2017, which came into force in December 2018. Although the amendments have addressed selected family law issues, the most important amendment on child custody in a unilateral conversion to Islam was dropped from the Bill at the last minute. Howsoever, at the end of the day, the real question that needs to be addressed is whether the amendments have resolved the major issues that have arisen over the past four decades? Hence, the purpose of this article is as follows: first, to examine the brief background to the passing of the LRA, secondly, to analyse the 2017 amendments, thirdly, to identify the weaknesses that still exist in the LRA, and finally, to suggest recommendations to overcome these weaknesses by comparing the Malaysian position with the Singaporean position. In conclusion, it is submitted that despite the recent amendments to the LRA, much needs to be done to overcome all the remaining issues that have still not been addressed.

scholarly journals Does the Law Determine What Heritage to Remember?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Sophie de Clippele
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Political Will ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Law ◽  
Ideological Manipulation

AbstractCultural heritage can offer tangible and intangible traces of the past. A past that shapes cultural identity, but also a past from which one sometimes wishes to detach oneself and which nevertheless needs to be remembered, even commemorated. These themes of memory, history and oblivion are examined by the philosopher Paul Ricoeur in his work La mémoire, l’histoire, l’oubli (2000). Inspired by these ideas, this paper analyses how they are closely linked to cultural heritage. Heritage serves as a support for memory, even if it can be mishandled, which in turn can affect heritage policies. Memory and heritage can be abused as a result of wounds from the past or for reasons of ideological manipulation or because of a political will to force people to remember. Furthermore, heritage, as a vehicule of memory, contributes to historical knowledge, but can remain marked by a certain form of subjectivism during the heritage and conservation operation, for which heritage professionals (representatives of the public authority or other experts) are responsible. Yet, the responsibility for conserving cultural heritage also implies the need to avoid any loss of heritage, and to fight against oblivion. Nonetheless, this struggle cannot become totalitarian, nor can it deprive the community of a sometimes salutary oblivion to its own identity construction. These theoretical and philosophical concepts shall be examined in the light of legal discourse, and in particular in Belgian legislation regarding cultural heritage. It is clear that the shift from monument to heritage broadens the legal scope and consequently raises the question of who gets to decide what is considered heritage according to the law, and whether there is something such as a collective human right to cultural heritage. Nonetheless, this broadening of the legislation extends the State intervention into cultural heritage, which in turn entails certain risks, as will be analysed with Belgium’s colonial heritage.

scholarly journals Israel: Is COVID-19 Expected More Than a War? (The Increase in Customs Value in Israel, Due to the COVID-19 Increase in Transport Prices - The Problem, and the Solution)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Omer Wagner ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Transportation Costs ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Law ◽  
Made In

Sea freight prices have risen sharply, due to the COVID-19 crisis, global shortages of ships, declining competition in the field, and containers of contagious demand. The increase in transportation costs leads to the increase in the value of goods for customs purposes, and to a further collection of customs duties. The Israeli law allows the state to facilitate importers and waive the extra customs duties, and similar and other facilitations have been made in the past. Therefore, all that is required is the flexibility and activation of goodwill on the part of the state, when interpreting the law.

scholarly journals Włocławska Kapituła Katedralna na tle aktualnych norm prawnych odnośnie kapituł kanonickich

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 299-330
Author(s):  
Janusz Gręźlikowski
Keyword(s):  
Canon Law ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
Statutory Law ◽  
The Law

The Chapter Cathedral of Włocławek its beginning go back first half of XII centuries and justly be numbered to the oldest chapter in Poland. Her start to go back Chapter of Kruszwica. The Chapter of Włocławek entry in qualifications of the Chapter of Kruszwica consequently transfer the capitol of diocese from Kruszwica to Włocławek. The Chapter of Włocławek come into being about 1148 years. Her history is reach and testify her signify in life of the Włocławek Church the past, in particular assistance the bishop in management of diocese. The change in canon law after the Council of Watykański II and the next in the Code of Cannon Law from 1983 years results that the law statutes of chapters – also Włocławskiej – undergo radical change. The Chapter stop was the assist organ of dioceses bishop in management of dioceses, while stay her decision and consultative character chapter stand the council of priest meritorious for dioceses. The dignity of canon should be grant to priests distinguish honest life, virtue, science, zeal and care about Church. In new law reality the Chapter Cathedral of Włocławek, though destitute now most ancient qualification and competence, lake important element in structure of Włocławskiego and Polish Church. Testify about her statutory law, assignments obligations and also fact that in Poland not destroy chapters but reactivate old and create new council of chapters.

scholarly journals INTERVIEW WITH PROFESSOR RAFAEL SANZIO ARAÚJO DOS ANJOS – CIGA-UNB / PROJECT GEOAFRO TO NOVA ESCOLA REVIEW

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Rafael Sanzio Araújo dos Anjos
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rural Zone ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
Colonial Brazil

The LDB (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases) of 1996 does not mention the Quilombolas Communities. We know that in some aspects the problems with the access to schools are similar to the problems faced in the riverine communities, in the rural zone, and in the indigenous population, for example. Both specified on the law. Which would be the followed orientation when we talk about quilombos?- It is important not to lose sight that exists in space and in the Brazilian population a large territory and people not part of the “Official Brazil”. In this context, we can insert the quilombolas populations, which were excluded secularly of the country and of the priority actions in the decision-making sector. Prejudice and exclusion mark the history of Africa in Brazil and the quilombos, which are considered “the past of Colonial Brazil”, had recently started to have attention of the State and one of them is in the Transitory Devices of the Federal Constituion of 1988. 

Reflections on Prosecutorial Independence and Impartiality in South Africa: The Recent Jurisprudence of the Courts

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ntombizozuko Dyani-Mhango
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Judicial Independence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Political Interference ◽  
Effective Administration ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Law ◽  
Constitutional Jurisprudence

Prosecutorial independence and prosecutorial impartiality are important for the effective administration of criminal justice in South Africa. These two concepts are interconnected and yet they are distinct, and distinguishable from judicial independence and judicial impartiality. In the past decade or so, controversy has surrounded and allegations have been made of political interference with prosecutorial independence and impartiality in South Africa. This article reflects on recent developments in the exercise of prosecutorial independence and impartiality in South Africa. The interest was sparked by recent constitutional jurisprudence in developing the law on prosecutorial independence and impartiality. In its analysis of the courts’ jurisprudence on prosecutorial independence, the article further demonstrates that this jurisprudence has had an influence in determining the independence of other institutions responsible for the administration of criminal justice.

How Has the Legal Consciousness of Chinese Enterprise Managers Transformed since 1949? A Study of Chinese Enterprises under Socialism

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Alvin Hoi-Chun Hung
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Chinese Enterprises ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Enterprise ◽  
Communist System ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Law

Abstract This paper analyses how the legal consciousness of Chinese enterprise managers has transformed in the face of drastic changes brought along by major events in socialist China. During the past 70 years, there have been in place a series of radical and pervasive changes in the legal framework constituted by a communist system frequented by mass political campaigns, trailed by a massive liberalized move towards a market economy. By building upon the thesis of legal-consciousness narratives suggested by Ewick and Silbey, this paper discusses how Chinese managers have evolved through various states of “With the Law,” “Against the Law,” and “Under the Law” legal consciousness. It is suggested that, in the coming era of globalization under socialist China, Chinese enterprise managers may start to embrace a new narrative of legal consciousness—“In the Law”—by participating more actively in the socialist system with Chinese characteristics.

The Conflict of Laws and Unjust Enrichment

2021 ◽  
pp. 175-198
Author(s):  
Andrew Burrows
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Choice Of Law ◽  
Conflict Of Laws ◽  
Unjust Enrichment ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship

This essay revisits the relationship between the conflict of laws and the law of unjust enrichment (or, more widely, the law of restitution) in light of shifts in the legal landscape over the past forty years. It considers the rules of jurisdiction and of choice of law applied by the English courts, accounting for the effects of the UK’s departure from the European Union.

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