The Protestant Reformation, 1517–1559. By Lewis W. Spitz. The Rise of Modern Europe Series: A Survey of European History in Its Political, Economic, and Cultural Aspects From the End of the Middle Ages to the Present. New York: Harper and Row, 1985. xiii + 444 pp. $22.95.

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-402
Author(s):  
Eric W. Gritsch
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
European History ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Middle Ages

scholarly journals From Dustbin to Disruption

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Spagnuolo
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
The Middle Ages

Goodey, C. F. A History of Intelligence and “Intellectual Disability”: The Shaping of Psychology in Early Modern Europe (New York: Routledge, 2011).Goodey, C.F. Learning Disability and Inclusion Phobia: Past, Present, Future (New York: Routledge, 2016).Metzler, Irina. Fools and Idiots? Intellectual Disability in the Middle Ages (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2016).

3. The secularization of superstition

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-55
Author(s):  
Stuart Vyse
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
New Age ◽  
European History ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Age Of Reason ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Witch Hunts ◽  
The Middle Ages

The five centuries beginning with the 14th and ending with the 18th took European history from the Middle Ages, through the Enlightenment, and into the first two centuries of the scientific age, which would mark the final turn in the meaning of superstition. ‘The secularization of superstition’ explains that this passage involved the flourishing of the humanities associated with the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, and great advances in science—as well as deadly wars, plagues, inquisitions, and witch hunts. But the culmination of this period would produce the Enlightenment, a new age of reason, and a different form of attack on superstition and magic.

Matthew Wranovix, Priests and Their Books in Late Medieval Eichstätt. Lanham, Boulder, New York, and London: Lexington Books, 2017, xx, 221 pp.

Mediaevistik ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 487-488
Author(s):  
Albrecht Classen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
New World ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Catholic Clergy ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
Religious Devotion ◽  
The Middle Ages

One of the most effective propaganda tools used by the Humanists and early Protestants directed against the Catholic clergy was the severe criticism of their lack of education, their ignorance about the biblical texts, and their material abuse of their position within their communities. Scholarship has mostly accepted this viewpoint, subscribing to the notion of a dramatic decline of the late medieval clergy in terms of its morality, intellectual abilities, and religious devotion and piety. The alleged ‘autumn of the Middle Ages’ hence gave way to the rise of a new world, the Renaissance and the age of the Protestant Reformation.

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