The Impact of the Reformation on Hessian Education

1975 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Martin Luther ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Do So

“Are we to permit none but louts and boors to rule when we can do better than that.” With these words, Martin Luther challenged the politicians of his day to educate the young, for, he wrote, it is pleasing to God that princes, lords and councilmen and others in authority be educated and qualified to perform the functions of their offices. It was necessary for those in authority to educate the young, because many parents would not do it, others were incompetent to do so, others did not have the time, and that was not to mention orphans.One of those politicians who responded to Luther's challenge was Philip the Magnanimous of Hesse. In the years 1526 to 1537, Philip organized a territorial system of public education consisting of state Latin grammar schools and a university.

Nun freut euch, lieben Christen g’mein, the first Lutheran choral from the first collection of Protestant hymns – a rhetorical analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (62) (SI) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Anamaria LUPU
Keyword(s):  
Martin Luther ◽  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
Classical Rhetoric ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

This material is an extract from a larger research of Lutheran chorals, focusing on the first collection of Protestant hymns, published after the Reformation, Etlich Cristlich lider (Achtliederbuch - The Book of Eight Songs), signed by Martin Luther, Paul Speratus and Justus Jonas. Beyond the general considerations related to the place and year of publication, but also to the inner construction of the collection, the analysis focuses on the first hymn composed by Luther, original both as text and as music. The rhetorical perspective I approached in the study of chorals is not arbitrary, given the impact of Luther's vision of music for that period and the attention he himself paid to classical rhetoric in his sermons, or in the courses he taught at the University of Wittenberg. His chorals are impregnated with explicit messages, both in terms of his Christian creed, but also in terms of elementary principles of Christian living.

2. Revolutions

2018 ◽  
pp. 24-49
Author(s):  
James Marten
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
The Political ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Social Welfare Programs ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
The Impact

The succession of revolutions that followed the long medieval period in Europe profoundly affected childhood. The Reformation, the Enlightenment, and the political revolutions of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries led to an expansion of democratic governments and the concomitant development of public education and social welfare programs. They also led to efforts by Western nations to eliminate, to separate, and, eventually, to integrate (on Western terms) subjugated peoples—often by manipulating children and forcing deep changes in child-rearing practices. “Revolutions” considers common childhood experiences around the world; the impact of the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Enlightenment on childhood; and how indigenous and colonial customs impacted on each other.

scholarly journals The Impact of Translators’ Epistemological Beliefs and Gender on Their Translation Quality

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Elmira Araghizade ◽  
Esmaeil Jadidi
Keyword(s):  
Epistemological Beliefs ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Epistemic Beliefs ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Do So

<p>This study aimed to determine the relationship between translators’ epistemological beliefs and gender on their Persian-to- English translation quality. To do so, a group of 53 MA translation students both male and female were selected, through convenient sampling to participate in this study. For data collection two instruments were employed: 1- Epistemic Beliefs Inventory (EBI) 2- Translation Test including a piece of poem. Regression analysis was also conducted to explore the interaction of epistemological beliefs and gender of translators on their translation quality. The findings indicated that there is no significant relationship between the components of epistemological beliefs and translation quality, except in one case that QL (quick learning) has a negative relationship with translation scores. Translators’ gender significantly affects the translation quality. An implication of the results is that males translate significantly better than females regarding the quality of translation. The interaction of translators’ epistemological beliefs and gender significantly affect the translation quality.</p>

On the spontaneity of behaviour categorization and its implications for personality measurement

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem Claeys
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Personality Measurement ◽  
Sentence Recall ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Do So ◽  
Trait Adjective

In the present study 36 university students were asked to read behaviour‐descriptive sentences either under memory instructions or under behaviour‐categorization instructions. It was demonstrated that after reading sentences under memory instructions sentence recall cued by a corresponding trait adjective was better than sentence recall cued by a strong semantic associate of a sentence part. This was found despite the fact that no actors were mentioned in the sentences. This result suggests that the spontaneous encoding of sentences in trait terms during the first stage of processing behavioural information has to be interpreted as the categorization of actions rather than as the attribution of traits to actors. This categorization of a behaviour is less pronounced when it occurs spontaneously than when explicit instructions are given to do so. The impact of the occurrence of spontaneous behaviour categorization on memory‐based seq‐ or other ratings with concrete behaviour‐descriptive items is discussed.

7. The Bible and its critics

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
John Riches
Keyword(s):  
Martin Luther ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Critical Scholarship ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Medieval Church ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Do So

‘The Bible and its critics’ explores critical readings, mainly from the Reformation and the Enlightenment, which had radical effects on how the Bible was perceived. For Martin Luther, the Bible speaks about the liberation of men and women from the threat of God’s law and punishment. Thus, the Reformation sought to emancipate men and women from their bondage to the medieval church. To do so, it used the methods of the Renaissance to subject traditional readings of the biblical text to closer scrutiny. Meanwhile, the Enlightenment period saw the rise of the empirical sciences and of rationalist and empiricist philosophies which sought to base human knowledge and the conduct of human affairs on the unaided efforts of human reason. The Deists, in particular, pointed to the existence of inconsistencies and contradictions within the Bible. Out of this emerged a rich tradition of critical scholarship which sought historically to reconstruct the life of Jesus.

scholarly journals Martin Luther, die Juden, der Nationalsozialismus – Kritische Nachlese zum Reformationsjubiläum

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hein Retter
Keyword(s):  
National Socialism ◽  
Martin Luther ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
The Impact

The article informs and reflects on the results of two conferences in the context of the Reformation Jubilee, which dealt with Martin Luther’s relationship with the Jews. In the background is the question of the impact of Luther’s anti-Jewish hostility as the basis of legitimation for anti-Semitism from the 16th century until the genocide of Jews in Europe by National Socialism.

Reconstituting the International, 1918–1923

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talbot C. Imlay
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Events ◽  
Great War ◽  
Bolshevik Revolution ◽  
Meaning And Purpose ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Do So ◽  
Lengthy Process

This chapter examines the post-war efforts of European socialists to reconstitute the Socialist International. Initial efforts to cooperate culminated in an international socialist conference in Berne in February 1919 at which socialists from the two wartime camps met for the first time. In the end, however, it would take four years to reconstitute the International with the creation of the Labour and Socialist International (LSI) in 1923. That it took so long to do so is a testimony to the impact of the Great War and to the Bolshevik revolution. Together, these two seismic events compelled socialists to reconsider the meaning and purpose of socialism. The search for answers sparked prolonged debates between and within the major parties, profoundly reconfiguring the pre-war world of European socialism. One prominent stake in this lengthy process, moreover, was the nature of socialist internationalism—both its content and its functioning.

scholarly journals Advertising Media Impact in Consumer Buying Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
Ashmita Dahal Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Media Impact ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Buying Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Advertisements have been used for many years to influence the buying behaviors of the consumers. Advertisements are helpful in creating the awareness and perception among the customers of a product. This particular research was conducted on the 100 young male and female who use different brands of product to check the influence of advertisement on their buying behavior while creating the awareness and building the perceptions. Correlation, regression and other statistical tools were used to identify the relationship between these variables. The results revealed that the relationship between media and consumer behavior is positive. The adve1tising impact on sales and there is positive and high degree relationship between advertising and consumer behavior. The impact on advertising of a product of electronic media is better than non-electronic media.

Aristotle on How Pleasure Perfects Activity (Nicomachean Ethics x.5 1175a29-b14): The Optimising-View

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Machek
Keyword(s):  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Do So

AbstractThis article offers a new interpretation of Aristotle’s ambiguous and much-discussed claim that pleasure perfects activity (NE x.4). This interpretation provides an alternative to the two main competing readings of this claim in the scholarship: the addition-view, which envisages the perfection conferred by pleasure as an extra perfection beyond the perfection of activity itself; and the identity-view, according to which pleasure just is the perfect activity itself. The proposed interpretation departs from both these views in rejecting their assumption that pleasure cannot perfect the activity itself, and argues that pleasure makes activity perfect by optimising the exercise of one’s capacities for that activity. Those who build or play music with pleasure do so better than those who do not delight in these activities. The basis of this interpretation is Aristotle’s little-read remarks from the following chapter, i. e. NE x.5, about how pleasure “increases” the activity.

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