Ottoman Imperialism and the Lutheran Struggle for Recognition in Germany, 1520–1529

1954 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Fischer-Galati
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
One Year ◽  
Struggle For Recognition

The news of the accession of Suleiman the Magnificent to the throne of the Ottoman Empire in 1520 did not seriously alarm contemporary European rulers for he was generally considered to be a weakling completely devoid of initiative. Surprisingly, however, this supposedly weak son of a strong father (Selim I) took the initiative within one year of becoming Sultan. Eager to strengthen the position of the Ottoman Empire in Europe, Suleiman temporarily abandoned his father's policy of conquest in the Middle East and launched a series of powerful attacks against South Eastern Europe: Belgrade fell in 1521 after it had withstood Turkish attacks for over half a century; Rhodes, the main Christian stronghold in the Eastern Mediterranean, suffered a similar fate the following year. The pressure on Hungary, which was increased after the fall of Belgrade, discouraged the Eastern Europeans from an optimistic view of their future. Indeed, the outlook for Eastern Europe was by no means bright.

Turkey's neighbours may skew EU migrant deal

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Content Type ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
The Eu

Significance As Bulgarian-Turkish relations have hit a low point in any case, the Bulgarian government can adopt a tough line without fear of alienating Turkey. In contrast to Bulgaria, Greece has seized on the EU deal as a chance to improve ties with Turkey. It may be Cyprus that turns out to be the spoiler. Impacts Frustrated in the Middle East, Turkey's zero-problems-with-neighbours policy is faltering in South-eastern Europe too. The EU deal will boost Greek-Turkish cooperation, which might spill over from migration to other areas. Bulgaria will step up efforts to join Schengen but the prospect of accession is far removed.

scholarly journals AN INLAND WATERWAY FREIGHT SERVICE IN COMPARISON TO LAND-BASED ALTERNATIVES IN SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE: ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND AIR QUALITY PERFORMANCE

Transport ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernestos Tzannatos ◽  
Basil Tselentis ◽  
Alkis Corres
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Efficient Alternative

Towards the strive of developing sustainable freight transport networks in Europe, the EU and the developing South-Eastern Europe in particular, this paper initially examines the feasibility of establishing a navigable link along the Axios–Morava waterway, for freight transport between the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (via the Aegean) and the Danube River, and then proceeds with its energy and air quality comparison with the competing modes of rail and road. It was found that this waterway service is technically feasible and offers an energy and carbon efficient alternative to road-borne and rail-borne freight. However, the land-based services were found to be superior with regard to their impact upon the air quality of the region, mainly attributed to the stricter emission standards applicable to these transport modes. Finally, it is proposed to build on the ongoing international policy and funding interest in this project in order to implement all the necessary infrastructural and operational changes which will make the proposed waterway service a commercially and environmentally sustainable freight transport alternative in South-Eastern Europe.

scholarly journals Description of a new species of Mediotipula from Albania, with consideration of the eastern Mediterranean as a diversity hotspot (Diptera, Tipulidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 792 ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
Lujza Keresztes ◽  
Jesús Martínez Menéndez ◽  
Luis Martin ◽  
Edina Török ◽  
Levente-Péter Kolcsár
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the TipulasubgenusMediotipula is described from the south-eastern part of Albania, south-eastern Europe. Morphologically, the new species is most similar to T. (M.) stigmatella Schummel, 1833, but differs mainly with respect to males, having a distinctly shaped posterior margin of tergite 9–10, a widened outer gonostylus and a series of details of the inner gonostylus (anterior end of the anterior arm, shape of the posterior arm), as well as having more bulbous and rounded hypogynal valves in the females. Further morphological differences of the male terminalia between allopatric populations of T. (M.) stigmatella in the Carpathians and Balkans, south-eastern Europe, are discussed.

scholarly journals Editorial: Advances in understanding megaliths and related prehistoric lithic monuments

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
G. Terence Meaden
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
European Continent ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
The Mediterranean

Standing stones and megalithic monuments are impressive remains from a remote prehistoric world that for the British Isles began some 6000 years ago and led to a cultural flowering that peaked in the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age with the rise of fine megalithic monuments like Newgrange, Knowth, Drombeg, Maeshowe, Avebury and Stonehenge. Nearby on the European continent, what may be called an era involving megalithic culture had begun a few centuries earlier (as at Carnac and Locmariaquer), and still earlier in the Mediterranean lands and islands (e.g., the Tarxien Temple in Malta), south-eastern Europe, the Near and Middle East, and India beyond. 

scholarly journals Marriage and Power (Images of Authority)

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 9-32
Author(s):  
Ivan Biliarsky
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rite Of Passage ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
The Church

This article is devoted to the question concerning the conceptualization of power and its religious basis in pre-modern societies, carried out through a study of the inauguration rituals – especially the marriage – that mark not only the instigation of the power of the ruler but also suggests its religious basis, conceptualization and justification. It is grounded on source material from Byzantium and its legacy in the countries of South-Eastern Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean. The analysis has shown the woman as legitimating power in the case of royalty in connection with its correspondence to marriage. The legitimation and confirmation of the kingship in some pagan cultures passed through a hierogamy, conceived as a unity with the universal harmony in the image of a chthonic goddess. From the Christian point of view the relations between the royal bride and the bridegroom was under the archetypal model of the relation of Jesus Christ to His Church. He (Christ and the christian ruler) became a priest and king of the order of Melchisedek. That is why the rite of passage to Kingship corresponds to that of marriage, instituted by Lord Jesus Christ under the model of His own relation to the Church.

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