The Potential for Cost Savings in the Sulfur Dioxide Allowance Market: Empirical Evidence from Florida

2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Swinton
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Cost Savings

Seawater Scrubbing for the Removal of Sulfur Dioxide in a Steam Turbine Power Plant

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akili D. Khawaji ◽  
Jong-Mihn Wie
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil

The most popular method of controlling sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions in a steam turbine power plant is a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process that uses lime/limestone scrubbing. Another relatively newer FGD technology is to use seawater as a scrubbing medium to absorb SO2 by utilizing the alkalinity present in seawater. This seawater scrubbing FGD process is viable and attractive when a sufficient quantity of seawater is available as a spent cooling water within reasonable proximity to the FGD scrubber. In this process the SO2 gas in the flue gas is absorbed by seawater in an absorber and subsequently oxidized to sulfate by additional seawater. The benefits of the seawater FGD process over the lime/limestone process and other processes are; 1) The process does not require reagents for scrubbing as only seawater and air are needed, thereby reducing the plant operating cost significantly, and 2) No solid waste and sludge are generated, eliminating waste disposal, resulting in substantial cost savings and increasing plant operating reliability. This paper reviews the thermodynamic aspects of the SO2 and seawater system, basic process principles and chemistry, major unit operations consisting of absorption, oxidation and neutralization, plant operation and performance, cost estimates for a typical seawater FGD plant, and pertinent environmental issues and impacts. In addition, the paper presents the major design features of a seawater FGD scrubber for the 130 MW oil fired steam turbine power plant that is under construction in Madinat Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah, Saudi Arabia. The scrubber with the power plant designed for burning heavy fuel oil containing 4% sulfur by weight, is designed to reduce the SO2 level in flue gas to 425 ng/J from 1,957 ng/J.

scholarly journals How toeholds become footholds

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
Jean M. Canil ◽  
Bruce A. Rosser
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Free Rider ◽  
Private Benefits ◽  
Bid Premium ◽  
Target Management

We document empirical evidence that bidders tailor their takeover strategy when facing entrenched target managers. Key elements of a takeover strategy comprise the toehold purchase and the initial bid premium. We find that toeholds are acquired in cognizance of the principal outsider and target management block. Bidders’ free rider cost savings are measured by the product of the toehold and the initial bid premium. Several relationships are identified. Initial bid premiums for targets characterized by entrenchment are comparatively low and result in low free rider benefits to bidders. To avoid overpayment, bidders do not compensate entrenched managers for lost private benefits. Instead, in entrenchment scenarios toeholds are optimized with respect to the principal outsider as well as the target management block in order to create a foothold that neutralizes entrenchment. At the median toeholds match the spread between the principal outsider and the target management block in entrenchment scenarios, are about double the spread for shareholder-aligned targets and much smaller for owner-managed targets. Takeovers of owner-managed targets rely more on a higher offer price.

scholarly journals Actual Practices of Environmental Performance in Malaysia’s Hotel Industry: Comparison among Malaysia, Mexico and Turkey Hotel Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusmani Mohd Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Industry Comparison ◽  
Management And Conservation

Environmental performance generally led to various benefits for example cost savings, regulatory compliance, increase image and competitiveness. Along with the movement of environmental concerns, the hotel industry also continuously put an interest in environmental performance programs. The adoption of environmental performance programs in Malaysia's hotel industry is not widespread regardless of the success of several international hotel groups. Therefore, it is important to identify the environmental performance programs in the hotel industry by providing fresh insights and empirical evidence of the actual environmental performance programs that have been practicing in Malaysia. This study involved the participation of 206 respondents. The main finding is the environmental performance programs in Malaysia's hotel industry can be classified as four categories: energy saving, green sourcing, resource conservation, and water management and conservation. This result indicates that in Malaysia, the hotel industry performs four types of environmental performance programs and other countries such as Mexico and Turkey also carry out the same environmental performance activities as implemented in Malaysia.

Challenges to the social motivation theory of autism: The dangers of counteracting an imprecise theory with even more imprecision

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Uljarević ◽  
Giacomo Vivanti ◽  
Susan R. Leekam ◽  
Antonio Y. Hardan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
The Social

Abstract The arguments offered by Jaswal & Akhtar to counter the social motivation theory (SMT) do not appear to be directly related to the SMT tenets and predictions, seem to not be empirically testable, and are inconsistent with empirical evidence. To evaluate the merits and shortcomings of the SMT and identify scientifically testable alternatives, advances are needed on the conceptualization and operationalization of social motivation across diagnostic boundaries.

Integrating perspectives: How the development of second-personal competence lays the foundation for a second-personal morality

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Corbit ◽  
Chris Moore
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Personal Competence ◽  
Triadic Interactions ◽  
Personal Morality ◽  
Integrative Process

Abstract The integration of first-, second-, and third-personal information within joint intentional collaboration provides the foundation for broad-based second-personal morality. We offer two additions to this framework: a description of the developmental process through which second-personal competence emerges from early triadic interactions, and empirical evidence that collaboration with a concrete goal may provide an essential focal point for this integrative process.

Application of an image management system in microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1052-1053
Author(s):  
Richard S. Chemock
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Primary Output ◽  
Capacity Data ◽  
Image Management System

One of the most common tasks in a typical analysis lab is the recording of images. Many analytical techniques (TEM, SEM, and metallography for example) produce images as their primary output. Until recently, the most common method of recording images was by using film. Current PS/2R systems offer very large capacity data storage devices and high resolution displays, making it practical to work with analytical images on PS/2s, thereby sidestepping the traditional film and darkroom steps. This change in operational mode offers many benefits: cost savings, throughput, archiving and searching capabilities as well as direct incorporation of the image data into reports.The conventional way to record images involves film, either sheet film (with its associated wet chemistry) for TEM or PolaroidR film for SEM and light microscopy. Although film is inconvenient, it does have the highest quality of all available image recording techniques. The fine grained film used for TEM has a resolution that would exceed a 4096x4096x16 bit digital image.

The Determination of Sulfur Dioxide-Correction

1917 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1148-1148
Author(s):  
James Withrow
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide
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