State-Chartered American Commercial Banks, 1781–1801

1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Klebaner
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking System ◽  
The State ◽  
Banking History ◽  
Unique Source

As is generally known, the 1790s was the first decade in which the American banking system expanded. Professor Klebaner has taken the trouble to ascertain the fate of the state-chartered banks founded in that decade. He has put his material into lists that we are glad to publish as a unique source of banking history.

Restructuring Measurements Impact on Bank Risk After the Global Financial Crisis — Empirical Evidence from Vietnam

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150019
Author(s):  
Tu T. T. Tran ◽  
Yen Thi Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Banking System ◽  
The State ◽  
Bank Risk ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Bank System ◽  
The Impact

Project 254 signed in November 2011 which is relating to “Restructuring the system of credit institutions in the period of 2011–2015” has been considered as a milestone in marking the Vietnamese government to prevent the influence of the financial crisis of 2008. This paper identifies hypotheses evaluating the impact of restructuring measurements on the risk of the Vietnamese’s commercial banks in 10 years, starting from 2008. Using the OLS regression method for analysis by running Eviews and ANOVA test in SPSS with a unique database of 216 observations of 31 commercial banks in Vietnam, it was found that: (i) The bail-out activities of the State Bank of Vietnam in 2015 does not influence on bank risk, (ii) The mergers and acquisitions (M&A) do not support the bank to reduce risk, it increases the risk for acquiring banks, (iii) The global crisis 2008 exerts dire consequence on the bank system in Vietnam, (iv) There is the difference of risk among the groups of the bank experiencing a different number of years of operation. Basing on this result, the paper also makes recommendations to the Government, The State Bank of Vietnam and the commercial banks for effective risk management toward the development of the Vietnamese banking system.

scholarly journals Development of Regional Commercial Banks in Digital Economy: Risks and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
pp. 181-193
Author(s):  
Natalia Simaeva ◽  
◽  
Inna Ryabova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
The State ◽  
Banking Competition ◽  
Regional Bank ◽  
Regional Banks ◽  
Banking Credit

The article is devoted to the analysis of the activity of regional commercial banks. The purpose of this article is to identify risks and prospects for the development of regional commercial banks in the digital economy. The author explores the concept of a regional bank, analyzes the peculiarities of the activities of regional banks in modern conditions of increasing banking competition. The article analyzes the state and trends of the development of the banking regional sector from the point of view of efficiency increase of their activities. It is shown that the number of regional banks is constantly declining, and a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation do not have any longer in the structure of their regional banking system banking credit organizations chartered in their territory as a legal entity. The authors concluded that the development of regional banks can be efficient only through the qualitative growth of each individual regional bank, since in quantitative terms this sector of the Russian banking systems will only decrease. As an example the activity of Rostov bank Tsent-Invest and the regional bank of the Republic of Tatarstan Ak Bars Bank are shown, which occupied certain niches in the Russian banking system and fully compete with foreign banks. To identify and assess the current risks of the activity of regional banks specific characteristics of the digital transformation of the banking industry are determined. As the main risks of development, the authors identified the following ones: risk of increased banking competition, on the one hand, and the risk of monopolization of the banking market, on the other; risk of underfunding of financial technologies; information risks and cyber risks; risks of insufficient financial literacy of consumers of banking products and services; risks of customer base reduction. As opportunities for the development of regional banks the use of remote banking services, allowing to attract new customers, expansion of participation in the state programs, emergence of opportunities for the introduction and development of new business models, in particular ESG-banking are identified. The Bank of Russia can provide certain support for the development of regional banks in the context of digital transformation and increasing banking competition by creating and developing nationwide banking infrastructure platforms.

scholarly journals Current approaches to the analysis of the borrowers’ creditworthiness: Ukrainian and World experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Inna Khomenko ◽  
Iryna Sadchykova ◽  
Yuliia Krasnianska
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Credit Ratings ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
The State ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Almost All

Introduction. Non-repayment of loans by borrowers not only jeopardizes the profitability of banking structures, but also the ability to calculate them under liabilities - deposit and borrowed funds. This situation is dangerous for the entire banking sector of the country, as it raises a number of acute problems: imbalance of loan and deposit portfolio by volumes and terms; distrust of the population to commercial banks, financial destabilization in the state as a whole, and others like that. Aim and tasks. The main purpose of this work is to study modern domestic and foreign approaches to assessing the creditworthiness of borrowers. Results. Based on the analysis of the definitions it is expedient to use the following interpretation of the term "creditworthiness": the financial, economic and legal capacity of the borrower to obtain a loan and return it to the commercial bank in accordance with the terms and conditions of the agreement. At the initial stages of the methodologies developing for the analysis of borrowers' lending, the leading role was played by the coefficient method, which by its nature is considered the simplest and is currently used as an express evaluation and preceded by other research. Currently, almost all commercial banks use a rating approach to assess the borrower's creditworthiness. Such methods also include calculation of coefficients, but contain a predictive component. The rating approach is valuable, because it requires a constant collection of updated information. Often, banks when building credit ratings use the methods of the relevant agencies. It is now believed that the formation of credit ratings allows you to get the most general idea of the borrower's creditworthiness (at the level of the commercial bank) and about the quality of the loan portfolio (at the level of the banking system of the state). Moreover, when assessing the creditworthiness of borrowers – individuals, the rating approach is most often used. Conclusions. The conducted studies indicate that improving approaches to assessing the creditworthiness of borrowers by commercial banks is particularly relevant for Ukraine. It is important to carry out measures (including administrative) in order to increase the reliability of the input information of borrowers, training of specialized specialists – experts, assessment of qualitative data on the debtor, formation of constantly updated statistical databases, adjustment of methodological developments taking into consideration the variability of the economic situation in Ukraine, ensuring transparency of the analysis, etc.

scholarly journals МАРКЕТИНГОВОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РЫНКА БАНКОВСКИХ ПРОДУКТОВ ГРУЗИИ

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Хатуна Шаламберидзе ◽  
◽  
Наргиза Каркашадзе ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
The State ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
National Bank

Today, the Georgian banking system is still at the stage of transformation and constant changes and it has not gone through all the stages of preparation for the market. The state is constantly striving to have healthy competition in the banking market and get the maximum result that the market can afford. According to the data published by the National Bank of Georgia, today 15 officially licensed commercial banks are officially registered, out of which 14 banks have foreign capital, which naturally sets high competition and standards. That is why it is important for banks to create products that will be acceptable to consumers. Banking products are becoming so necessary for everyday life that the interest and aspiration towards it is growing daily. From the above it becomes important to the bank Clients or the interested public to have complete and complete information about it.

scholarly journals Current Issues of Stability of the State-Owned Banks Deposit Base

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Lidiia Tryshak ◽  
◽  
Oleksandra Romashko ◽  
Nataliia Krykhivska ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking System ◽  
The State ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Savings Bank ◽  
Demand Deposits ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
The Stability

The effectiveness of the functioning of the banking system of any state is determined by the sufficiency of the resource base, mainly formed from deposit sources. The purpose of the article is to assess the state and development trends of the deposit base of state commercial banks of Ukraine, which are the four largest banking institutions in terms of assets and liabilities. The concept of a deposit was highlighted and three basic approaches to the interpretation of this definition were identified. The assessment of the deposit activities of state-owned banks in terms of volume and structure during 2017-2019 was carried out. The results of the analysis show a positive trend towards an increase in the value of deposit resources of all state-owned banks, except for JSC “Ukreximbank”. For the stability of the resource base of commercial banks, the dominance of the share of term deposit funds over demand deposits is necessary. During 2017-2019 such dominance took place in JSC “State Savings Bank of Ukraine” and JSC “Ukreximbank”. The problems of balancing the structure of deposit resources by the terms of attraction were found in JSC CB “Privatbank” and JSC “Ukrgasbank”. As is known a qualitative assessment of the stability of deposit operations is possible only when analyzing a set of relative analytical coefficients. So, the article presents the main indicators that can be used to analyze the effectiveness of the use of attracted resources by banking institutions. Based on the analysis of indicators for assessing term and current deposits, the features of the functioning of the market for deposits of state-owned banks during 2019 were characterized. It was determined that the positive dynamics in the organization of the deposit activities of Ukrainian state banks is the result of an effective deposit policy. Even with low deposit rates, the volume of the deposit portfolio has increased in recent years, which indicates a gradual restoration of the confidence of depositors in the domestic banking system.

MODERN PROBLEMS OF CAPITAL SUFFICIENCY REGULATION OF THE BANKING SYSTEM OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Kalyta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking System ◽  
The State ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Foreign Banks ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Bank Capital ◽  
Resource Base

The scientific article examines the problem of capital adequacy regulation, which is relevant for commercial banks and for regulators designed to supervise the functioning of the banking system of Ukraine. Such close attention to this problem is associated with the frequent formation of "imaginary" equity by many commercial banks in Ukraine, as the banking business (especially in today's Ukrainian economy) is characterized by risky activities. With proper regulation of bank capital adequacy simultaneously with the growth of capitalization of the banking system, will increase the attractiveness of commercial banks for depositors and creditors, expand their resource base, improve the investment climate in Ukraine as a whole. The main tasks of development of the banking system of Ukraine in the conditions of strengthening their competitiveness in relation to foreign banks are highlighted, namely: to minimize dependence on increasing the adequacy of capital adequacy assessment of commercial banks to international standards, to strengthen supervisory requirements for real capitalization of commercial banks in terms of risk. The article proves that the main problem in determining the state policy of bank capital adequacy is the so-called "moral hazard", which should be understood as the desire of owners or managers of banks to conduct operations with higher profitability, shifting their inherent risk to a third party act as depositors, other creditors or the state. It is substantiated that it is the moral risk that can be manifested both in bank liabilities (excessive increase in the share of borrowed funds) and in bank assets (increase in the share of high-risk investments, including as "compensation" for capital increase at the request of the supervisor).

Mohammad Uzair, A Study of Bank Deposits in Pakistan (1947-1962). (Karachi: Economic Research Academy, 1964. pp.28. Rs. 2.00).

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 760-761
Author(s):  
Richard C. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking System ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Bank Deposits ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Dr. Uzair's short monograph capably surveys the fundamental changes which occurred in the Pakistan banking system during the first fifteen years of its existence. While most of the monograph is little more than a summary of the published State Bank of Pakistan statistics, it nevertheless provides a useful picture of the immediately visible developments in banking during these years. Between and around the facts and figures, however, there is a very curious ambivalence. On the one hand, Uzair is impressed with the tremendous growth of bank deposits over 1947-1963; on the other hand, he is disturbed by the inadequacy of efforts by the State Bank and commercial banks to foster the development of banking in Pakistan. This ambivalence arises from Uzair's failure to recognize that the greater use of deposits and the development of the "banking habit" are neither goals of an economy nor important achievements in themselves. The subject he never raises, and which he should have raised even though it would have required a much longer monograph, is: Why is it desirable that the banking system seek to expand deposits ?

Regional banking system in Russia: Trends and factors of spatial distribution

2017 ◽  
pp. 123-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ageeva ◽  
A. Mishura
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Banking Business ◽  
Banking Institutions

We examine the spatial distribution of banks in Russian regions to identify the factors that affect changing territorial architecture of the banking system. The object of the study is dynamics of the number of commercial banks and their branches in 1991-2016. Besides the well-known tendency of concentration of the banking business in Moscow and reducing the number of banks in other regions we analyzed situation in the federal districts taking as an example the Siberian Federal District. This approach allowed us to formulate hypotheses about the causes of differences in the availability of banking institutions in Russian regions.

Income Diversification and Bank Efficiency in Vietnam

2017 ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Sang Nguyen Minh
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

This study uses the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method to estimate the technical efficiency index of 34 Vietnamese commercial banks in the period 2007-2015, and then it analyzes the impact of income diversification on the operational efficiency of Vietnamese commercial banks through a censored regression model - the Tobit regression model. Research results indicate that income diversification has positive effects on the operational efficiency of Vietnamese commercial banks in the research period. Based on study results, in this research some recommendations forpolicy are given to enhance the operational efficiency of Vietnam’s commercial banking system.

STATE REGULATION OF BANKING ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olha Drachevska
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Banking Regulation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
System Protection ◽  
Banking Activity ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Threatening Situation

The article is devoted to the analysis of scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of "state regulation", "state regulation of banking", "banking regulation" and the measures on which the state regulation of banking is based. An analysis of the scientific literature in various fields allows us to conclude that scholars ambiguously interpret the term "state regulation of banking." Most often, state regulation of banking is seen as a system of measures by which the state through authorized bodies regulates the activities of banks. The domestic legislator considers the concept of "banking regulation" as one of the functions of the National Bank of Ukraine, which is to create a system of norms governing the activities of banks, determine the general principles of banking, banking supervision, liability for violations of banking legislation. The main purpose of banking regulation is security and financial stability of the banking system, protection of the interests of depositors and creditors. The importance of state regulation of banking as an integral part of public policy is emphasized. Effective state regulation of banking activities should ensure stable and uninterrupted operation of the banking system, guarantee the provision of quality services by banks to depositors and borrowers and protect their interests. Preventive and protective measures on which the state regulation of banking activity in Ukraine is based are considered. Preventive measures should be implemented through the approval of mandatory regulations. The application of protective measures should provide protection against the already threatening situation for the bank. Attention is also paid to the forms in which state regulation of banks by the National Bank is carried out. Such forms are administrative regulation and indicative regulation.

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