At Freedom's Door: African American Founding Fathers and Lawyers in Reconstruction South Carolina

Abstract Following the racially motivated shootings at an African American church in Charleston, South Carolina, in 2015, a wave of contentious campaigns around Confederate statuary emerged, or at least intensified, in communities across the country. Yet local struggles have culminated in vastly different alterations to the built environment. This paper develops a framework for differentiating distinct “modes of recontextualization” rooted in the relocation and/or modification of commemorative objects. Building on models of memory as an iterative, path-dependent process, we track recontextualization efforts in three communities—St. Louis, Missouri; Oxford, Mississippi; and Austin, Texas—documenting how each mode alters the meaning of contested symbols. An analysis of local news sources in the year following recontextualization shows how each mode exerts identifiable proximate effects on broader political debates and, through that process, structures the horizon of possibility for longer-range outcomes.

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Geohistory, American founding fathers

Encyclopedia of Earth Science - General Geology ◽

10.1007/0-387-30844-x_37 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 236-238

Author(s):

Robert M. Hazen

Keyword(s):

American Founding ◽

Founding Fathers

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The “Separation” of Religion and Polities: The Paradoxes of Spinoza

The Review of Politics ◽

10.1017/s0034670500041978 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 603-627 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hillel G. Fradkin

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Liberal Democracy ◽

Religion And Politics ◽

The United States ◽

Religious Values ◽

The Political ◽

Moral Action ◽

American Founding ◽

Founding Fathers

Benedict Spinoza is the first philosophical proponent of liberal democracy. In his Theologico-Political Tractate he calls for the liberation of philosophy from theology and for the subordination of religion to politics. Though Spinoza may have not influenced the American Founding Fathers directly, both the clarity and the paradoxes of his arguments are perhaps the best guide to understanding better the present-day conflicts over religion and politics in the United States. Spinoza's insistence on the prerogative of the political sovereign to exercise absolute authority in the sphere of moral action necessarily complicates religious values. But the “inconveniences” resulting from liberal democracy are justified in terms of justice.

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NORMAN COUSINS (Ed.). 'In God We Trust': The Religious Beliefs and Ideas of the American Founding Fathers. Pp. viii, 464. New York: Harper & Broth ers, 1958. $5.95

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science ◽

10.1177/000271625932100162 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 321 (1) ◽

pp. 184-185

Author(s):

Conrad Henry Moehlman

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Religious Beliefs ◽

American Founding ◽

Founding Fathers

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Prostate Cancer Communication Strategies Recommended by Older African-American Men in South Carolina: A Qualitative Analysis

Journal of Cancer Education ◽

10.1080/08858190902876536 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 204-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Daniela Friedman ◽

Sara Corwin ◽

India Rose ◽

Gregory Dominick

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

South Carolina ◽

African American ◽

Qualitative Analysis ◽

African American Men ◽

Communication Strategies ◽

Cancer Communication

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Severity of household food insecurity and lifetime racial discrimination among African-American households in South Carolina

Ethnicity and Health ◽

10.1080/13557858.2016.1263286 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 276-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Michael P. Burke ◽

Sonya J. Jones ◽

Edward A. Frongillo ◽

Maryah S. Fram ◽

Christine E. Blake ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Carolina ◽

African American ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Racial Discrimination ◽

Household Food Insecurity ◽

Household Food

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Colonial and Revolutionary United States

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199227990.013.0010 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel C. Littlefield

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

New York ◽

South Carolina ◽

African American ◽

Rhode Island ◽

Labour Force ◽

American Population ◽

American Institution ◽

African American Population ◽

Low Country

This article reviews scholarship on the history and historiography of slavery in colonial and revolutionary United States. Slavery was a southern American institution associated primarily with cotton and a divinely ordained labour force of blacks. Southerners in the Chesapeake might realize that slaves once produced tobacco, and in low-country South Carolina and Georgia that they once grew rice, and in southern Louisiana that they once raised sugar cane, but most people, when they thought about slavery at all, thought about the growing of cotton and reckoned that an African workforce required no explanation. Few knew that at one time slavery lived in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, that it had been vibrant in New York and Pennsylvania, and that slaves still worked in New Jersey in 1860. Even in the South, where the presence of a significant African-American population made the heritage of slavery undeniable and people generally recognized the meaning of that fact, most understood neither slavery's age nor its origins.

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