Studies on the Ecological Life Cycle of the Native Winter Annual Grass Alopecurus carolinianus, with Particular Reference to Seed Germination Biology in a Floodplain Habitat

2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Edward W. Chester
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Winter Annual

scholarly journals Soil-borne fungi influence seed germination and mortality, with implications for coexistence of desert winter annual plants

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e0224417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue M. Li ◽  
Justin P. Shaffer ◽  
Brenna Hall ◽  
Hongseok Ko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Annual Plants ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Soil Borne Fungi

Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Vernalization: Variation and Genetic Controls

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevin C. Lawrence ◽  
Amber L. Hauvermale ◽  
Ian C. Burke
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Vernalization Gene ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Winter Annual

AbstractDowny brome (Bromus tectorumL.) is a widely distributed invasive winter annual grass across western North America.Bromus tectorumphenology can vary considerably among populations, and those differences are considered adaptively significant. A consensus hypothesis in the literature attributes the majority of observed differences inB. tectorumphenology to differing vernalization requirements among populations. A series of greenhouse experiments were conducted to identify differences inB. tectorumvernalization requirements and link vernalization to expression of annual false-brome [Brachypodium distachyon(L.) P. Beauv.]-derived vernalization gene homolog (BdVRN1). Results from this study indicate that variation in time to flowering is partially governed by differing vernalization requirements and that flowering is linked to the expression ofBdVRN1.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Fungi Isolated from Native Terrestrial Orchids from Region of La Araucanía, Southern Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1120
Author(s):  
Hector Herrera ◽  
Tedy Sanhueza ◽  
Rodolfo Martiarena ◽  
Rafael Valadares ◽  
Alejandra Fuentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
Mycorrhizal Interactions

Mycorrhizal interactions of orchids are influenced by several environmental conditions. Hence, knowledge of mycorrhizal fungi associated with orchids inhabiting different ecosystems is essential to designing recovery strategies for threatened species. This study analyzes the mycorrhizal associations of terrestrial orchids colonizing grassland and understory in native ecosystems of the region of La Araucanía in southern Chile. Mycorrhizal fungi were isolated from peloton-containing roots and identified based on the sequence of the ITS region. Their capacities for seed germination were also investigated. We detected Tulasnella spp. and Ceratobasidium spp. in the pelotons of the analyzed orchids. Additionally, we showed that some Ceratobasidium isolates effectively induce seed germination to differing degrees, unlike Tulasnella spp., which, in most cases, fail to achieve protocorm growth. This process may underline a critical step in the life cycle of Tulasnella-associated orchids, whereas the Ceratobasidium-associated orchids were less specific for fungi and were effectively germinated with mycorrhizal fungi isolated from adult roots.

scholarly journals Secondary dormancy of seeds in relation to the Bromus tectorum–Pyrenophora semeniperda pathosystem

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S11-S14 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K. Hawkins ◽  
P. Allen ◽  
S. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Secondary Dormancy ◽  
Laboratory Results

Bromus tectorum is a highly invasive annual grass. The fungal pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda can kill a large fraction of B. tectorum seeds. Outcomes in this pathosystem are often determined by the speed of seed germination. In this paper we extend previous efforts to describe the pathosystem by characterising secondary dormancy acquisition of B. tectorum. In the laboratory approximately 80% of seeds incubated at –1.0 MPa became dormant. In the field, seeds were placed in the seed bank in late autumn, retrieved monthly and dormancy status determined. The field study confirmed the laboratory results; ungerminated seeds became increasingly dormant. Our data suggest that secondary dormancy is much more likely to occur at xeric sites.

The Determinants of the Distribution and Abundance of the Winter Annual Grass Vulpia Ciliata ssp. Ambigua

1995 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Carey ◽  
A. R. Watkinson ◽  
F. F. O. Gerard
Keyword(s):  
Annual Grass ◽  
Winter Annual

Delayed germination in seeds of Phacelia dubia var. dubia

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 2481-2486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Carol C. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Winter Temperature ◽  
Seed Crop ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Secondary Dormancy ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Delayed Germination ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Not all seeds of a particular seed crop of the winter annual Phacelia dubia var. dubia germinate the first autumn after their dispersal in spring, and germination of a given seed crop is spread over several years. Nondormant seeds that do not germinate in autumn are induced into secondary dormancy by low winter temperatures and must afterripen again during summer before they are capable of germinating. Seeds that do not afterripen the first summer after dispersal are prevented from doing so until at least the next summer because winter temperature conditions prevent afterripening. These responses of the seeds to the environment insure that germination will occur only in autumn, the only season of the year that is suitable for seedling establishment and eventual completion of the life cycle.

Expansion of Feral Cereal Rye (Secale cereale L.) on Non-crop Hillsides in Northern Utah

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle C. Roerig ◽  
Corey V. Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Northern Utah ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Feral Rye ◽  
Individual Patch

Feral cereal rye is an aggressive, persistent winter annual grass. Although feral rye has been documented as a weed in Utah cropland for many years, it has only recently been described as a weed of natural areas in Utah. After feral rye was observed on hillside locations where it had not previously been present, research was conducted to evaluate expansion rates in isolated patches and on a landscape scale. Individual patch measurements indicated expansion rates of 17%, 42%, 44%, and 112% in 2009. The landscape expansion rates were 1%, 4%, 8%, 21%, and 50% in the same year. The spread of feral rye appears to have occurred primarily on south- to west-facing slopes where the density and diversity of native species is limited. The expansion of feral rye into natural, undisturbed areas indicates that this species should be closely monitored. The relatively short seed longevity and current small infestations make it a good candidate for early detection/rapid response efforts.

Long-term effects of 2,4-D application on plants. II. Herbicide avoidance by Chenopodium album and Thlaspi arvense

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Hume
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Annual Life Cycle ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Research plots in a wheat–wheat–fallow rotation at Indian Head, Sask., were sprayed annually with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D) for 36 consecutive years. Two species susceptible to 2,4-D, Chenopodium album L. and Thlaspi arvense L., were dominant in these plots. From 1981 to 1983, C. album and T. arvense seedlings that emerged during four periods of the growing season were marked and their mortality, seed production, and size recorded. From these data and other studies, 10 ways in which C. album and T. arvense managed to survive herbicide application were identified. These are intermittent germination, herbicide tolerance, small size of late-emerging seedlings, short life cycle, hardiness, failure of control practices, long-term dormancy, seed dispersal, viability of immature seeds, and winter annual life cycle of T. arvense.

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