Speciation by Natural and Sexual Selection: Models and Experiments

2002 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. S22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirkpatrick ◽  
Ravigné
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Selection Models ◽  
Natural And Sexual Selection

Speciation by Natural and Sexual Selection: Models and Experiments

2002 ◽  
Vol 159 (S3) ◽  
pp. S22-S35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Kirkpatrick ◽  
Virginie Ravigné
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Selection Models ◽  
Natural And Sexual Selection

scholarly journals The physical environment mediates male harm and its effect on selection in females

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1858) ◽  
pp. 20170424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yun ◽  
Patrick J. Chen ◽  
Amardeep Singh ◽  
Aneil F. Agrawal ◽  
Howard D. Rundle
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Male Choice ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences ◽  
Natural And Sexual Selection

Recent experiments indicate that male preferential harassment of high-quality females reduces the variance in female fitness, thereby weakening natural selection through females and hampering adaptation and purging. We propose that this phenomenon, which results from a combination of male choice and male-induced harm, should be mediated by the physical environment in which intersexual interactions occur. Using Drosophila melanogaster , we examined intersexual interactions in small and simple (standard fly vials) versus slightly more realistic (small cages with spatial structure) environments. We show that in these more realistic environments, sexual interactions are less frequent, are no longer biased towards high-quality females, and that overall male harm is reduced. Next, we examine the selective advantage of high- over low-quality females while manipulating the opportunity for male choice. Male choice weakens the viability advantage of high-quality females in the simple environment, consistent with previous work, but strengthens selection on females in the more realistic environment. Laboratory studies in simple environments have strongly shaped our understanding of sexual conflict but may provide biased insight. Our results suggest that the physical environment plays a key role in the evolutionary consequences of sexual interactions and ultimately the alignment of natural and sexual selection.

The New Synthesis

2018 ◽  
pp. 235-245
Author(s):  
Erika Lorraine Milam
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Genetic Information Processing ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Natural And Sexual Selection

This chapter discusses new understandings of humanity from the 1960s onward. It shows how a particular group of scientists struggled with the question of human nature by conceiving of natural and sexual selection as acting at the level of individuals, who in turn served as genetic-information processing units. A trait could not spread in a population unless it conferred some advantage to the individuals who possessed it, allowing them to contribute more copies of their genes to the next generation of that population than other individuals. These struggles are furthermore framed within a period when sociobiology was just starting to get a foothold in academics.

Principles of evolutionary theory, evolutionary psychopathology, and genetics

2015 ◽  
pp. 3-40
Author(s):  
Martin Brüne
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Psychosomatic Medicine ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Genes And Environment ◽  
Natural And Sexual Selection

Darwin’s work on evolution by natural and sexual selection is the central scientific framework in biology that explains how life developed through adaptation to changing environments. Evolution has been the driving force that has shaped the human brain and mind in the same way as it has formed somatic traits. Many adaptations pertaining to human cognition, emotions, and behaviour emerged in ancestral environments of evolutionary adaptedness, from which modern living conditions deviate in one way or another. Such ‘mismatches’ of evolved traits and current environments may cause vulnerability to dysfunctional operation of cognitive, emotional, and behavioural traits. Genes and environment interact in manifold ways, yet genetic plasticity may not only convey vulnerability to dysfunction. Instead, the very same genetic variants that may lead to dysfunction when associated with environmental adversity exert protective effects against dysfunction when environments are more favourable. These insights have yet to be acknowledged by psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine.

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