Towards a Language of Linguistics: A System of Formal Notations for Theoretical Morphology

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Robert Beard ◽  
I.A. Mel'cuk ◽  
Phillip Luelsdorff
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Morphology

The Origin of a New Kind of Science From the Life Sciences

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-158
Keyword(s):  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Dominican Order ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Theoretical Morphology ◽  
Living Nature

Science in the modern era began with a process of synthesis; the natural sciences in particular emerged through a coalescence of several cultural traditions. Scientific knowledge arose in a series of several separate events as mathematics, philology, physics and biology emerged independently. Scientific ideas about natural life developed via a synthesis of three types of knowledge. (1) There was the tradition of herbalism as a type of knowledge of nature, and this approach remained close to the Aristotelian tradition of describing nature with a bookish method centered on descriptive practice. (2) The scholastic tradition clarified existing concepts and formed new ones. Its role was crucial in supplying nascent science with its set of cognitive tools. (3) The alchemical tradition provided experimental knowledge of nature as applied to human life. It was particularly important in building the skills needed to connect theoretical systems with reality. This synthesis in natural philosophy was the basis of Linnaean reforms. However, theoretical morphology was cen¬tral to Linnaeus’ thinking and, its features were responsible for the success of his system. Theoretical morphology offered ways to decide how a natural phenomenon should be reduced and divided into parts in order to serve as an object of scientific cognition. Essential theoretical precepts for this morphology were formulated by Andrea Cesalpino in De plantis libri XVI (1583). Hence, the origin of the natural sciences as a study of living nature should properly be traced to the 16th century. This strand in the development of the new scientific approach in Europe through studying living things should also be connected with earlier (medieval) efforts of the Dominican Order (promoting purer versions of Aristotelianism), while another strand which led to the appearance of physics and other more mathematically expressed branches of the natural sciences belongs to the Franciscan orders (more influenced by Neoplatonism). Science emerged then as profound and experimentally verifiable theoretical knowledge based on ideation through the construction of the objects of experimental research.

Distributed Morphology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan David Bobaljik
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Distributed Morphology ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Theoretical Morphology ◽  
Complex Words

Distributed Morphology (DM) is a framework in theoretical morphology, characterized by two core tenets: (i) that the internal hierarchical structure of words is, in the first instance, syntactic (complex words are derived syntactically), and (ii) that the syntax operates on abstract morphemes, defined in terms of morphosyntactic features, and that the spell-out (realization, exponence) of these abstract morphemes occurs after the syntax. Distributing the functions of the classical morpheme in this way allows for analysis of mismatches between the minimal units of grammatical combination and the minimal units of sound. Much work within the framework is nevertheless guided by seeking to understand restrictions on such mismatches, balancing the need for the detailed description of complex morphological data in individual languages against an attempt to explain broad patterns in terms of restrictions imposed by grammatical principles.

scholarly journals Phonetic effects of morphology and context: Modeling the duration of word-final S in English with naïve discriminative learning

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABIAN TOMASCHEK ◽  
INGO PLAG ◽  
MIRJAM ERNESTUS ◽  
R. HARALD BAAYEN
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Discriminative Learning ◽  
Prosodic Structure ◽  
Context Modeling ◽  
Learning Network ◽  
Theoretical Morphology ◽  
English Vowels ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Lexical Phonology ◽  
Segment Duration

Recent research on the acoustic realization of affixes has revealed differences between phonologically homophonous affixes, e.g. the different kinds of final [s] and [z] in English (Plag, Homann & Kunter 2017, Zimmermann 2016a). Such results are unexpected and unaccounted for in widely accepted post-Bloomfieldian item-and-arrangement models (Hockett 1954), which separate lexical and post-lexical phonology, and in models which interpret phonetic effects as consequences of different prosodic structure. This paper demonstrates that the differences in duration of English final S as a function of the morphological function it expresses (non-morphemic, plural, third person singular, genitive, genitive plural, cliticizedhas, and cliticizedis) can be approximated by considering the support for these morphological functions from the words’ sublexical and collocational properties. We estimated this support using naïve discriminative learning and replicated previous results for English vowels (Tucker, Sims & Baayen 2019), indicating that segment duration is lengthened under higher functional certainty but shortened under functional uncertainty. We discuss the implications of these results, obtained with a wide learning network that eschews representations for morphemes and exponents, for models in theoretical morphology as well as for models of lexical processing.

Theoretical morphology of hinge and shell form in Bivalvia: geometric constraints derived from space conflict between umbones

Paleobiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Ubukata
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
Mutual Interference ◽  
Geometric Constraints ◽  
Geometric Properties ◽  
Shell Form ◽  
Theoretical Morphology

Geometric properties of the shells of 123 species of extant Bivalvia were analyzed from the viewpoint of theoretical morphology. The effects of shell form and the structure of ligament on the interumbonal space and the maximum shell opening received particular attention. The results of computer simulation and morphospace analysis indicate that possessing both prosogyrous shell form and an extended hinge without the parivincular ligament tends to cause space conflict between umbones or dorsal shell margins of right and left valves. To a large degree, a prosogyrous shell form with a long parivincular ligament helps shell opening without umbonal conflict, if the shell is flat enough to avoid the mutual interference between dorsal shell margins of closed valves. Extension of the ligament and plunging of the anterior part of the coiling axis into the ventral side provide enough space along the dorsal shell margins in which a parivincular ligament and its substrata are developed.

Using a morphological analyzer to teach theoretical morphology

1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 281-287
Author(s):  
Judith L. Klavans ◽  
Martin S. Chodorow
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Morphology
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