Rural Process-Pattern Relationships: Nomadization, Sedentarization and Settlement Fixation

Investigations of the maturation pattern of rat incisor enamel by quantitative electron microscopy and electron-probe microanalysis indicate that mineralization of rat enamel can be regarded, as in humans, as a regular and progressive process pattern of enamel matrix formation. The species variations that have been proposed in the pattern of enamel mineralization can be related to differences in both the rate of formation of the enamel matrix and in the total thickness of the enamel produced. Neither the microradiographic appearance of developing enamel, nor the solubility and staining characteristics of the organic matrix accurately reflects the mineral concentration gradients established during the mineralization process as indicated from electron microprobe analysis.

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Scenario-Based Assessment of Process Pattern Languages

Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing - Product-Focused Software Process Improvement ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-02152-7_19 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 246-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Antti Välimäki ◽

Sari Vesiluoma ◽

Kai Koskimies

Keyword(s):

Pattern Languages ◽

Process Pattern

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Rural Romanian Education

Agricultural Management Strategies in a Changing Economy - Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-7521-6.ch014 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 318-336

Author(s):

Diana Presadă ◽

Mihaela Badea

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Rural Education ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Major Part ◽

Teaching Staff ◽

The European Union ◽

Education Policies ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Educational Component ◽

Rural Process

This chapter presents an overview of the Romanian rural education system with an emphasis on the projects implemented in the rural areas, foreign language teaching being a major part of these projects in this sector which, among other shortcomings, is affected by a serious shortage of qualified teaching staff. It examines the recent developments in the educational rural process highlighting the education policies adopted by the Romanian government as part of the intergration program in the European Union. As well as describing the present state of this educational component, it proposes a number of solutions to the identified issues that could be put into practice for the benefit of the system.

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Discovery of technetium- and niobium-rich S stars: The case for bitrinsic stars

Astronomy and Astrophysics ◽

10.1051/0004-6361/202037481 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 635 ◽

pp. L6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Shetye ◽

S. Van Eck ◽

S. Goriely ◽

L. Siess ◽

A. Jorissen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Transfer ◽

Asymptotic Giant Branch ◽

Agb Stars ◽

Chemical Abundances ◽

Trace Evidence ◽

Distinctive Features ◽

The Third ◽

Process Pattern ◽

Process Elements ◽

Hr Diagram

Context. S stars are late-type giants with overabundances of s-process elements. They come in two flavors depending on the presence or lack of presence of technetium (Tc), an element without stable isotopes. Intrinsic S stars are Tc-rich and genuine asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, while extrinsic S stars owe their s-process over abundances to the pollution from a former AGB companion, which is now a white dwarf (WD). In addition to Tc, another distinctive feature between intrinsic and extrinsic S stars is the overabundance of niobium (Nb) in the latter class. Indeed, since the mass transfer occurred long ago, 93Zr had time to decay into the only stable isotope of Nb, 93Nb, causing its overabundance. Aims. We discuss the case of the S stars BD+79°156 and o1 Ori, whose specificity lies in sharing the distinctive features of both intrinsic and extrinsic S stars, namely the presence of Tc along with a Nb overabundance. Methods. We used high-resolution HERMES optical spectra, MARCS model atmospheres of S stars, Gaia DR2 parallaxes, and STAREVOL evolutionary tracks to determine the stellar parameters and chemical abundances of the two S stars, and to locate them in the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram. Results. BD+79°156 is the first clear case of a bitrinsic star, that is, a doubly s-process-enriched object, first through mass transfer in a binary system and then through internal nucleosynthesis that is responsible for the Tc-enrichment in BD+79°156, which must, therefore, have reached the AGB phase of its evolution. This hybrid nature of the s-process pattern in BD+79°156 is supported by its binary nature and its location in the HR diagram that is just beyond the onset of the third dredge-up on the AGB. The Tc-rich, binary S-star o1 Ori with a WD companion was another long-standing candidate for a similar hybrid s-process enrichment. However, the marginal overabundance of Nb derived in o1 Ori does not allow one to trace evidence of large amounts of pollution coming from the AGB progenitor of its current WD companion unambiguously. As a side product, the current study offers a new way of detecting binary AGB stars with WD companions by identifying their Tc-rich nature along with a Nb overabundance.

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Forest Climax Phenomenon: An Invariance of Scale

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11010056 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 56 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raimundas Petrokas

Keyword(s):

Natural Regeneration ◽

Forest Regeneration ◽

Forest Succession ◽

Initial Conditions ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Tree Regeneration ◽

Red Queen Hypothesis ◽

Habitat Dynamics ◽

Process Pattern ◽

Sensitivity To Initial Conditions

We can think of forests as multiscale multispecies networks, constantly evolving toward a climax or potential natural community—the successional process-pattern of natural regeneration that exhibits sensitivity to initial conditions. This is why I look into forest succession in light of the Red Queen hypothesis and focus on the key aspects of ecological self-organisation: dynamical criticality, evolvability and intransitivity. The idea of the review is that forest climax should be associated with habitat dynamics driven by a large continuum of ecologically equivalent time scales, so that the same ecological conclusions could be drawn statistically from any scale. A synthesis of the literature is undertaken in order to (1) present the framework for assessing habitat dynamics and (2) present the types of successional trajectories based on tree regeneration mode in forest gaps. In general, there are four types of successional trajectories within the process-pattern of forest regeneration that exhibits sensitivity to initial conditions: advance reproduction specialists, advance reproduction generalists, early reproduction generalists and early reproduction specialists. A successional trajectory is an expression of a fractal connectivity among certain patterns of natural regeneration in the multiscale multispecies networks of landscape habitats. Theoretically, the organically derived measures of pattern diversity, integrity and complexity, determined by the rates of recruitment, growth and mortality of forest tree species, are the means to test the efficacy of specific interventions to avert the disturbance-related decline in forest regeneration. That is of relevance to the emerging field of biocomplexity research.

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Investigation into Performance of Multilayer Composite Nano-Structured Cr-CrN-(Cr0.35Ti0.40Al0.25)N Coating for Metal Cutting Tools

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings8120447 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 447 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sergey Grigoriev ◽

Alexey Vereschaka ◽

Alexander Metel ◽

Nikolay Sitnikov ◽

Filipp Milovich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tool Life ◽

Metal Cutting ◽

Cutting Tools ◽

Cutting Speed ◽

Constructional Steel ◽

Wear Process ◽

Layered Architecture ◽

Process Pattern ◽

Resistant Layer ◽

Cutting Speeds

This paper deals with the Cr-CrN-(Cr0.35Ti0.40Al0.25)N coating. It has a three-layered architecture with a nano-structured wear-resistant layer. The studies involved the investigation into the microstructure (with the use of SEM and TEM), elemental and phase composition (XRD and SAED patterns), wear process pattern in scratch testing, crystal structure, as well as the microhardness of the coating. Cutting tests of tools with the above coating were carried out in dry turning of steel 1045 at cutting speeds of vc = 200, 250, and 300 m·min−1. The comparison included uncoated tools and tools with the commercial TiN and (Ti,Al)N coatings with the same thickness. The tool with the Cr-CrN-(Cr0.35Ti0.40Al0.25)N coating showed the longest tool life at all the cutting speeds under consideration. Meanwhile, a tool with the coating under study can be recommended for use in turning constructional steel at the cutting speed of vc = 250 m·min−1. At this cutting speed, a tool shows the combination of a rather long tool life and balanced wear process, without any threat of catastrophic wear.

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