scholarly journals Sibling Models of Socioeconomic Effects on the Timing of First Premarital Birth

Demography ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Powers ◽  
James Cherng-tay Hsueh
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Models ◽  
Premarital Birth

Sibling Models, Categorical Outcomes, and the Intra-Class Correlation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Breen ◽  
John Ermisch
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Linear Probability Model ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Sibling Differences ◽  
Sibling Models ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Linear Probability ◽  
Parametric Estimate

Abstract In sibling models with categorical outcomes the question arises of how best to calculate the intraclass correlation, ICC. We show that, for this purpose, the random effects linear probability model is preferable to a random effects non-linear probability model, such as a logit or probit. This is because, for a binary outcome, the ICC derived from a random effects linear probability model is a non-parametric estimate of the ICC, equivalent to a statistic called Cohen’s κ. Furthermore, because κ can be calculated when the outcome has more than two categories, we can use the random effects linear probability model to compute a single ICC in cases with more than two outcome categories. Lastly, ICCs are often compared between groups to show the degree to which sibling differences vary between groups: we show that when the outcome is categorical these comparisons are invalid. We suggest alternative measures for this purpose.

Detection and prevention of neurologic injury in the intensive care unit

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Perioperative Management ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Neurologic Injury ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Postoperative Changes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sibling Models ◽  
Physical Limitations

Survivors of repairs of complex congenital cardiac malformations in infancy have an increased risk of permanent abnormalities in motor, cognitive, expressive, and behavioral functioning. These functional deficits are expressions of complex interactions of environment, including prolonged hospitalization and conditioned child–parental behaviours, alterations of social environment, the effects of physical limitations, biological influences including genetic determinants, prenatal injury, and acquired reversible and irreversible neuronal injury.1,2 The magnitude of the problem is large, with incidence dependent upon the measures used for assessment. Overt postoperative neurologic signs have been recorded in up to one-tenth of postoperative infants and children, with double that rate found in those with abnormalities of the aortic arch.3 A decreased potential for development, based upon parent-sibling models, has been estimated to occur in one-third of survivors.4,5 Evidence of injury is provided by magnetic resonance imaging in up to one-third of patients preoperatively, and between half and nine-tenths postoperatively, although most of these early postoperative changes will disappear.5 Although recent changes in perioperative management are likely to reduce such neurologic injury, their significance remains high.

Out of Sequence: The Timing of Marriage Following a Premarital Birth

Social Forces ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay D. Teachman ◽  
Karen A. Polonko
Keyword(s):  
Premarital Birth

Family Structure and the Risk of a Premarital Birth

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence L. Wu ◽  
Brian C. Martinson
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Premarital Birth

scholarly journals Mediation Analysis in Sibling Designs: An Application to the Effect of Prenatal Antidepressant Exposure on Toddler Depression Mediated by Gestational Age at Birth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mollie Wood ◽  
Espen Eilertsen ◽  
Eivind Ystrom ◽  
Hedvig Nordeng ◽  
Sonia Hernandez-Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Full Cohort ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Sibling Models ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Age At Birth

Abstract Background: Mediation analysis requires strong assumptions of no unmeasured confounding. Sibling designs offer a method for controlling confounding shared within families, but no previous research has done mediation analysis using sibling models. Methods: We demonstrate the validity of the sibling mediation approach using simulation, and show its application using the example of prenatal antidepressant exposure and toddler anxiety and depression, with gestational age at birth as a mediator. We used data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, a cohort comprising 41% of births in Norway between 1999 and 2008 to identify 91,333 pregnancies, of which 25,776 were part of sibling groups. Results: In simulations, sibling models were less biased than cohort models in cases where non-shared confounding was weaker than shared confounding, and when stronger non-shared confounding was controlled, but more biased otherwise. In the full cohort, the estimated mean difference in depression/anxiety scale z-scores for natural direct effects (NDE) were 0.31 (95% confidence interval 0.23 to 0.39) and 0.14 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.24), without and with adjustment for non-shared confounders, respectively. The natural indirect effect was 0.01 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.02) after adjustment. Adjustment for shared and non-shared confounding showed similar point estimates with wider confidence intervals (NDE 0.18, 95% CI -0.21 to 0.47; NIE -0.01, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.06).Conclusions: Findings suggest that the modest association between prenatal antidepressant exposure and anxiety/depression is not mediated by gestational age and is likely explained by both shared confounders and non-shared confounders, and chance.

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