Clostridium Difficile-Associated Diarrhea: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Infection Control

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 628-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwan Kew Lai ◽  
Zita S. Melvin ◽  
Mary Jane Menard ◽  
Helen R. Kotilainen ◽  
Stephen Baker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea

Risk Factors for Recurrence of Clostridium Difficile-associated Diarrhea in the Elderly

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 594-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Tal ◽  
Alexander Gurevich ◽  
Vladimir Guller ◽  
Irina Gurevich ◽  
David Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Risk Factors For Recurrence ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea

S1229 Risk Factors for Recurrent Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. S-209
Author(s):  
Nabeel Koro ◽  
Yazan Abdalla ◽  
Fasiha Kanwal ◽  
Jay R. McDonald ◽  
Angelique L. Zeringue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Identification of Risk Factors for the Development of Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea Following Treatment of Polymicrobial Surgical Infections

2010 ◽  
Vol 251 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Metzger ◽  
Brian R. Swenson ◽  
Hugo Bonatti ◽  
Traci L. Hedrick ◽  
Tjasa Hranjec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Surgical Infections ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea

Risk Factors for the Development of Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea During a Hospital Outbreak

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 345-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Thibault ◽  
Mark A. Miller ◽  
Christina Gaese
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Surgery ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the risk factors associated with a nosocomial outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.Design:Case-control study with two control groups.Setting:University-affiliated urban hospital.Patients:A convenience sample of 26 patients was chosen out of a total of 78 hospitalized patients with C difficile-associated diarrhea, defined as the presence of diarrhea and a positive C difficile cytotoxin assay or stool culture. Twenty-six controls were matched for age, gender, ward, and date of admission; 18 additional controls were matched to surgical patients for date and ward of admission, as well as for the type of surgical procedure performed.Results:Significant risk factors for the development of C difficile-associated diarrhea were gastrointestinal surgery (exposure odds ratio [EOR] = 7.9, p= .004, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 1.9, 35), use of neomycin (EOR= 15.6, p=.012, 95% CI=1.7, 92), clindamycin (EOR=15.6, p=.005, 95% CI=1.7, 92), metronidazole (EOR=5.7,p=.02,95%CI= 1.4, 25), and excess antibiotic use (mean number of antibiotics = 4.2 versus 1.4, p<.00005). The presence of systemic disease and the use of antacids or immunosuppressive drugs were similar in cases and controls. In surgical patients, no specific antibiotic could be linked to C difficile-associated diarrhea because of uniform perioperative antibiotic use. There was a significant difference in the number of antibiotics administered to cases and controls (mean = 3.1 versus 1.9, p< .005).Conclusions:The results suggest that control of nosocomial C difficile-associated diarrhea may be attained by minimizing the administration of antibiotics, avoidance of high-risk antibiotics, and having a high index of suspicion of C difficile-associated diarrhea in patients who develop diarrhea after gastrointestinal surgery. Perioperative administration of metronidazole, when given with other antibiotics, failed to protect against the development of C difficile-associated diarrhea.

scholarly journals INCIDENCE OF DIARRHEA BY Clostridium difficile IN HEMATOLOGIC PATIENTS AND HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION PATIENTS: RISK FACTORS FOR SEVERE FORMS AND DEATH

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Spadão ◽  
Juliana Gerhardt ◽  
Thais Guimarães ◽  
Frederico Dulley ◽  
João Nóbrega de Almeida Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea

We describe the rate of incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) in hematologic and patients undergone stem cell transplant (HSCT) at HC-FMUSP, from January 2007 to June 2011, using two denominators 1,000 patient and 1,000 days of neutropenia and the risk factors associated with the severe form of the disease and death. The ELISA method (Ridascreen-Biopharm, Germany) for the detections of toxins A/B was used to identify C. difficile. A multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate potential factors associated with severe CDAD and death within 14 days after the diagnosis of CDAD, using multiple logistic regression. Sixty-six episodes were identified in 64 patients among 439 patients with diarrhea during the study period. CDA rate of incidence varied from 0.78 to 5.45 per 1,000 days of neutropenia and from 0.65 to 5.45 per 1,000 patient-days. The most common underlying disease was acute myeloid leukemia 30/64 (44%), 32/64 (46%) patients were neutropenic, 31/64 (45%) undergone allogeneic HSCT, 61/64 (88%) had previously used antibiotics and 9/64 (13%) have severe CDAD. Most of the patients (89%) received treatment with oral metronidazole and 19/64 (26%) died. The independent risk factors associated with death were the severe form of CDAD, and use of linezolid.

Quinolone Use as a Risk Factor for Nosocomial Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 572-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarwyn Yip ◽  
Mark Loeb ◽  
Suzette Salama ◽  
Lorraine Moss ◽  
Jan Olde
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

AbstractObjective:To determine modifiable risk factors for nosocomial Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD).Design:Case-control study.Setting:300-bed tertiary-care hospital.Participants:Hospital inpatients present during the 3-month study period.Methods:Case-patients identified with nosocomial CDAD over the study period were compared to two sets of control patients: inpatients matched by age, gender, and date of admission; and inpatients matched by duration of hospital stay. Variables including demographic data, comorbid illnesses, antibiotic exposure, and use of gastrointestinal medications were assessed for case- and control-patients. Conditional logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for nosocomial CDAD.Results:27 case-patients were identified and were compared to the two sets of controls (1:1 match for each comparison set). For the first set of controls, use of ciprofloxacin (odds ratio [OR], 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 1.2-24.8; P=.03) was the only variable that remained significant in the multivariable model. For the second set of controls, prior exposure to cephalosporins (OR, 6.7; CL,5, 1.3-33.7; P=.02) and to ciprofloxacin (OR, 9.5; CI95, 1.01-88.4; P=.05) were kept in the final model.Conclusions:Along with cephalosporins, prior quinolone use predisposed hospitalized patients to nosocomial CDAD. Quinolones should be used judiciously in acute-care hospitals, particularly in those where CDAD is endemic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document