The Canons of John Mauropous

1947 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Hussey
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
Service Books

John Mauropous, an eleventh-century Metropolitan of Euchaïta, has long been commemorated in the service books of the Orthodox Church. The Synaxarion for the Office of Orthros on 30th January, the day dedicated to the Three Fathers, St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory the Theologian, and St. John Chrysostom, tells how the festival was instituted by Mauropous and describes him as ‘the well-known John, a man of great repute and well-versed in the learning of the Hellenes, as his writings show, and moreover one who has attained to the highest virtue’. In western Europe something was known of him certainly as early as the end of the sixteenth century; his iambic poems were published for the first time by an Englishman in 1610, and his ‘Vita S. Dorothei’ in the Acta Sanctorum in 1695. But it was not until the second half of the nineteenth century that scholars were really able to form some idea of the character and achievement of this Metropolitan of Euchaïta. Particularly important were two publications: Sathas' edition in 1876 of Michael Psellus' oration on John, and Paul de Lagarde's edition in 1882 of some of John's own writings. This last contained not only the works already printed, but a number of hitherto unpublished sermons and letters, together with the constitution of the Faculty of Law in the University of Constantinople, and a short introduction containing part of an etymological poem. But there remained, and still remains, one significant omission: John's canons have been almost consistently neglected.

Adam Zalužanský’s “De sexu plantarum” (1592): an early pioneering chapter on plant sexuality

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Funk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
English Translation ◽  
History Of Botany ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Botanical History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time

In the history of botany, Adam Zalužanský (d. 1613), a Bohemian physician, apothecary, botanist and professor at the University of Prague, is a little-known personality. Linnaeus's first biographers, for example, only knew Zalužanský from hearsay and suspected he was a native of Poland. This ignorance still pervades botanical history. Zalužanský is mentioned only peripherally or not at all. As late as the nineteenth century, a researcher would be unaware that Zalužanský’s main work Methodi herbariae libri tres actually existed in two editions from two different publishers (1592, Prague; 1604, Frankfurt). This paper introduces the life and work of Zalužanský. Special attention is paid to the chapter “De sexu plantarum” of Zalužanský’s Methodus, in which, more than one hundred years before the well-known De sexu plantarum epistola of R. J. Camerarius, the sexuality of plants is suggested. Additionally, for the first time, an English translation of Zalužanský’s chapter on plant sexuality is provided.

Artisans, Guilds, and Capitalist Development in Cairo, 1600–1800

Capitalisms ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 327-348
Author(s):  
Nelly Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
European Experience ◽  
The World

Studies of capitalism have often been based on the European or, more often, the nineteenth-century English experience. Its sources were taken to be based on the European experience, the trading companies of the sixteenth century, Protestantism, and so on. From there, it was diffused to the rest of the world. To fully understand capitalism, one had to focus on the European experience and the restrictive definitions that were based on its development in Western Europe. The Eurocentric approach to this subject is now being reconsidered. Studies of regions outside Europe are now showing that the emergence of capitalism was a much more complex and diverse trend, and it could have multiple sources. The present article focuses on one of these sources.

The Russian Bible Society and the Russian Orthodox Church

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Cohen Zacek
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
The West ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
National Policies ◽  
European Diplomacy

The historian Presniakov has characterized the first quarter of the nineteenth century, the reign of Alexander I, as “Russia at the crossroads” (Rossiia na rasput'i). No longer content with slavish imitation of Western Europe, Russia now began to develop a culture which would be admired and emulated by the West. Once beyond the fringe of European diplomacy, the Empire now moved to the center of that arena. Shaped by her national traditions, but involved increasingly in continent-wide trends, the Russia of Alexander I was confronted by a varied and complex set of problems, both domestic and foreign, which demanded resolution. The destruction of the Napoleonic threat, the assimilation of subject nationalities, the establishment of efficient techniques and procedures of government, the articulation and implementation of national policies in education and in economic life were among the countless tasks which faced Alexander I and his advisors. Educated Russians of the day heatedly debated the most effective means of solving the myriad dilemmas.

scholarly journals TEACHING PEDAGOGY IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE ORTHODOX CHURCH: VIEWS OF EDUCATORS AND RELIGIOUS FIGURES (1867-1884)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Tverdokhlib
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Teaching Pedagogy ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pedagogical Literature ◽  
Theoretical Developments

The views of V. Belikov, A. Vasyliev, P. Lashkarov, P. Linytskyi, I. Malyshevskyi, A. Sheremetynskyi and other teachers and religious figures about teaching pedagogy in educational institutions of the Orthodox Church in 1867-1884 have been covered in the article basing on the analysis of primary sources and historical and pedagogical literature. It has been established that the theoretical groundwork on these issues was presented in the projects and publications of such ecclesiastical periodicals as Volynskie Eparxial'nye Vedomosti, Pravoslavnoe Obozrenie, Poltavskie eparxial'nye vedomosti, Trudy Kievskoj duxovnoj akademii, etc. The ideas of teachers and religious figures regarding the content, methodological support, organizational aspects, forms, staffing of teaching pedagogy in academies, seminaries and women's educational institutions of the Orthodox Church have been identified and considered. The comparative analysis of theoretical developments on pedagogical education in the Orthodox educational institutions of the early nineteenth century – the mid 60's of the nineteenth century and 1867-1884 has been carried out in the research. It was found on its basis that during the period under research the problems of teaching and methodological support and the organization of teaching pedagogy were rarely brought up by teachers and religious figures, but at the same time they joined to solving new issues. In 1867-1884 the works where the forms of organizing the process of teaching pedagogy, peculiarities of the activities of teachers of this discipline in the educational institutions of the ecclesiastical department were considered appeared for the first time.

scholarly journals Russia’s Scriptural “Reformation” in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 73-102
Author(s):  
Barbara Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Biblical Translation ◽  
The Church

The Russian Orthodox Church never experienced a movement that placed the authority of Scriptures over that of the Church, which was characteristic of the Protestant reformations in Western Europe. Nevertheless, an increased emphasis on the Scriptures and a desire to translate the Bible into the vernacular arose in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in Russia. Aside from the work of the Russian Bible Society, scholars have not shed much light on this trend as it occurred within clerical education. This article argues that the episode of the Bible Society was a critical chapter within a larger story of important theological and pedagogical shifts within Russian Orthodox education and values. The roots of the Russian biblical translation effort extend back to the eighteenth century, when ethnic Russian clerical scholars gained the linguistic abilities in Greek and Hebrew to translate based on the ancient texts, and when more attention began to be paid to both vernacular Russian instruction and Scriptural study in the ecclesiastical schools. These trends flourished more deeply in the first half of the nineteenth century. Thus, although Russia did not undergo a reformation in the Western sense of the word, it underwent similar internal reforms that brought the Scriptures into a more central role in the church without undermining Church authority and tradition.

scholarly journals Franz Brentano’s Influence on Ukrainian Philosophy: A Methodological Introduction to Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-146
Author(s):  
Stepan Ivanyk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Constructive Method ◽  
Scientific Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Franz Brentano ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ukrainian Society

This article ponders, for the first time, the question of whether Austrian philosopher Franz Brentano (1838-1917) influenced the development of the school of Ukrainian philosophy. It employs Anna Brożek’s methodology to identify philosophers’ influence on one another (distinctions between direct and indirect influence, active and passive contact, etc.); concepts of institutional and ideological conditions of this influence are also considered. The article establishes, first, that many Ukrainian academics had institutional bonds with Brentano’s students, especially Kazimierz Twardowski at the University of Lviv. Second, it identifies an ideological bond between Brentano and his hypothetical Ukrainian “academic grandsons.” Particularly, a comparative analysis of works on the history of philosophy of Brentano and the Ukrainian Ilarion Svientsits'kyi (1876-1956) reveals that the latter took over Brentano’sa posteriori constructive method. These results allow to draw a conclusion about the existence of Ukrainian Brentanism, that not only brings new arguments into the discussion about the tradition of and prospects for the development of analytic (scientific) philosophy on Ukrainian ground, but also opens new aspects of the modernization of Ukrainian society in general (from the end of the nineteenth century to the present day).

A.YE. BEIDEMAN’S MURALS IN ST. ALEXANDER NEVSKY CATHEDRAL IN PARIS IN CONNECTION WITH THE CRIMEAN PERIOD OF THE ARTIST’S OEUVRE

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-162
Author(s):  
Vitalii V. Zherdiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Mary Magdalene ◽  
John The Baptist ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Temple

The article is about the little-known murals in St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Paris (1859– 1861, architect R.I. Kuzmin), painted by Alexander Yegorovich Beideman (1826–1869). The scientific novelty of the results obtained is in the fact that for the first time A. Beideman’s religious works from the Parisian cycle are introduced and placed into scientific circulation. This cycle is master’s most significant preserved religious work and unique in the Orthodox ecclesiastical art of Western Europe of the second half of the 19th century. Although such brilliant masters as E.S. Sorokin, P.S. Sorokin, M.N. Vasilyev and F.A. Bronnikov worked on the creation of the polychrome ensemble of the Parisian cathedral together with Beideman, his murals in Paris became one of the first in the academic period of Russian ecclesiastical art, in which the transition to the traditions of Byzantine iconography was manifested. Beideman painted eighteen images in the lower part of the temple and on the pillars. Images of Our Lady of Akhtyr with St. Mary Magdalene and St. John are in the niche to the left of the central apse; the Deesis with the Virgin and St. John the Baptist is in the niche to the right of the central apse. Images of Christ the Great Bishop, St. Jacob the Apostle, St. John Chrysostom, St. Basil the Great and St. Gregory the Theologian are in the central apse. Images of St. Mitrofan of Voronezh and St. Joseph the Songwriter are in the sacristy. The image of New Testament Trinity is in the conch. Images of Metropolitans of Moscow Peter, Alexius, Jonah, and Philip are on the pillars below the evangelists. The artist avoided a bright palette, working mainly in the ocher-silver gamma, which, along with the frontality and pronounced statics, gave a sense of “incorporeity” to the figures of the saints. The closeness to the traditional iconography was given by the monumental architectonics of the flowing robes and the almost iconographic austerity of the faces. But, nevertheless, there is a big difference in the style solution of Beideman’s paintings in the Parisian cathedral compare to his easel and monumental works of different years. Especially comparing to Beideman’s watercolor etudes for the murals in the Holy Cross Exaltation Church in Livadiya (architect I.A. Monighetti) and St. Olga church of in Mikhailovka near Strelna (architect D.I. Grimm). The author of the article comes to the conclusion, based on the field research materials, his own restoration and research experience and the comparison of Beideman’s surviving works, in particular, in Livadiya, that the painting in the Parisian cathedral could have been somewhat modified over time. But the artist’s conscious stylistic manner is also possible. The chronology of Beideman’s creative path, the exact period of his work in Paris, has been clarified in comparison with the period of his work in the Livadiya church in Crimea.

Islam as an Ideology of Resistance among the Oromo of Ethiopia

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-109
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hassen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
The University ◽  
Rapid Conversion

Before I embark on the main subject, three caveats are in order. First, this article deals with two themes that are indirectly related, but necessary, to understanding why the Oromo, who have had contact with Islam since at least the fourteenth century, embraced it mainly during the nineteenth century. Notwithstanding their recent conversion, today the Oromo are the single largest Muslim community in Ethiopia. The article will explore their rapid conversion during the second half of the nineteenth century in conjunction with Emperor Menilek II’s conquest and occupation of their land and its impact upon every aspect of their existence. Second, in this paper I have heavily drawn on a paper I presented at a conference held at the University of Edinburgh in 1999 and another one published in 1992. Third, the paper is divided into seven unequal parts, preceded by a short introduction.

scholarly journals Cathedral Rank, a Handwritten Document of the Komi-Zyrians: Instruction and Foundations of Faith

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Limerov
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Religious Leader ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Good Movement ◽  
Handwritten Document ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
First Time

The literary tradition of the Komi-Zyrians dates back to the first translations of liturgical books into the Komi language by Stefan Permsky. These translation practices remained uninterrupted, becoming the basis for the literary language in the nineteenth century. In the late nineteenth century, an independent handwritten tradition developed in the Upper Vychegda region associated with the activity of Stefan Ermolin, the religious leader of the Singers of Good movement. The movement branched off from the official Orthodox Church and created its own literature in the Verkhnevychegod dialect of the Komi language. This article describes a work of literature created by the Singers, a liturgical text outlining the basics of their faith; it concerns everything a follower of bursylysyas (Singers of Good) needs to know about salvation and, most importantly, the path which leads them to God. The manuscript is called Cathedral Rank (Komi-Zyrian Сӧбирайтчан рад) and is introduced into scholarly circulation for the first time.

The Geneva Convention of 1906

1907 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
George B. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Geneva Convention ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Military Commander ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
Liberal Thought

The members of the congress of Vienna who, for the most part, directed the international politics of Europe for the first half of the nineteenth century, have never been accounted as exponents of liberal thought, or as the advocates of liberal policies. But it must be said in behalf of their narrow and, at times, reactionary statesmanship, that it kept the peace in western Europe during the period intervening between the battle of Waterloo, which terminated the military and political activity of the first Napoleon, and the appearance of his nephew in the rôle of a military commander in the Italian campaign of 1859. For the first time in recorded history it was given to the harassed inhabitants of the Rhine provinces to see a full half century of peace, and to enjoy so much as fifty years of fortunate and uninterrupted immunity from the hardships and sacrifices of war.

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