The Hippolytus Sarcophagus from Trinquetaille

1956 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Ward Perkins

One of the finest Attic sarcophagi of its class, and certainly one of the most striking pieces to have reached the western provinces, is the well-known Hippolytus sarcophagus which was found in 1891 at Trinquetaille, across the river from Aries, and which is now one of the chief ornaments of the Musée Romain in that city (pl. 1). There is no need to describe it in detail, since it has been fully published, with good photogravure reproductions of all four sides, by Robert, and again in more summary form, by Espérandieu. It will be enough in the present context to note that it is a typical example of what Rodenwaldt, in his penetrating discussion of the evolution of the Attic kline-sarcophagus, has shown to be an advanced and presumably, therefore, relatively late variant within that series. The lid, with a single male figure reclining on an embroidered mattress upon a couch with animal-headed mounts, has altered very little from the prototype; but on the body all that remains of the Caryatid figures that once supported the couch at the four angles is the pair of vestigial pedestals at either end of the recessed moulding along the base of the rear face. The mouldings, too, a delicately carved acanthus scroll along the upper border, an elaborately lobed leaf-and-tongue motif along the re-entrant surface behind the line of the heads, and a panel of conventional bay-wreath ornament along the lower border, all of these, with their very shallow relief and fluid surfaces, represent an altogether more advanced stage of development than the boldly cut, purposeful architectural mouldings of earlier practice. In these later Attic sarcophagi the emphasis has shifted decisively from the architectural framework of the design to the figures themselves, which now form a virtually uninterrupted frieze round the four sides of the body.

Author(s):  
E. Ford

On September 17th, 1919, a specimen of Leptocephalus Congri vulgaris (L. Morrisii) was captured in “bottom” haul No. 69 of the young fish trawl in locality Eddystone bearing S. by W. (magnetic) 1½ miles, over a depth of 31 fathoms. It was alive and active when taken, measuring between 115 and 120 mm. in length, and has been kept alive up to the present date in a glass aquarium under circulation. It was at a fairly advanced stage of development, intermediate between those exhibited in Figs. 2 and 3, Pl. I of Schmidt (1), the dorsal fin commencing slightly farther back than in Fig. 3, and the median row of pigment spots along either side of the body not extending forward beyond about 1 cm. in front of the commencement of the dorsal fin. There is a close resemblance also to the specimen figured by Fulton (2), with the exception that, as just pointed out, the median row of pigment along the body on either side does not reach forward quite to the head, and in addition the pigment spots at the base of the dorsal fin rays are only two or three in number, situated at the extreme posterior end of the fin.Since the date of capture, observations 'have been made periodically and certain measurements taken as accurately as possible, but on account of the movements of the fish the latter could only be obtained approximately.


1922 ◽  
Vol s2-66 (261) ◽  
pp. 49-103
Author(s):  
KARM NARAYAN BAHL

1. The three kinds of nephridia--integumentary, septal, and pharyngeal--appear at successive stages of development of the embryo; the integumentary preceding the septal and pharyngeal, both of which develop simultaneously. 2. All the three kinds can be traced back to the original row of nephridial cells of ectodermal origin. Thus all the different nephridia are ultimately derived from one common origin. 3. The primary pair of integumentary nephridia are the first to appear from a ‘retro-peritoneal’ group of cells. The rudiments lack the ‘funnel-cell’, and consequently a ‘coolomic’ funnel is never developed in these nephridia. They open to the exterior on the body-wall. 4. These primary integumentary nephridia do not appear in the same position in successive segments of the embryo, but are irregularly distributed all over the body-wall. 5. The septal primary nephridia can be traced back to a group of nephridial cells, including the ‘funnel-cell’, which make their way into each septum between its two adjoining peritoneal lamellae. 6. The primary septal nephridia have always a well-developed pre-septal funnel, and appear along a straight line on both sides of the dorsal vessel. They appear after the primary integumentary pair has reached a fairly advanced stage of development. 7. The secondary nephridia of both the integumentary and septal types are not budded off from the primary nephridia, but the rudiments of all have a common origin and separate early. They resemble the primaries in every respect, except that in the case of the septal secondaries the funnel is either pre-septal or post-septal. 8. The terminal ducts of the primary septal nephridia form the dorsal portions of the septal excretory canals on the septa, and the canals of both sides form the supra-intestinal duct on meeting the mid-dorsal line above the gut. The segmontal ductules establishing a communication between the supraintestinal duct and the lumen of the gut appear soon after the formation of the supra-intestinal ducts. 9. The primary pharyngeal nephridia of the fourth, fifth, and sixth segments develop from a ‘retro-peritoneal’ group of cells like the integumentary ones, and have long ducts reaching the wall of the pharynx. Secondary nephridia are formed as successive buds on the ducts, anterior to the primary nephridia. 10. The possible phylogenetic stages in the evolution of the ‘enteronephric’ type of nephridia are as follows : (1) the severance of the connexion between the septal funnel and the body of the nephridium; (2) migration of the severed portion, i. e. the ‘funnel-cell’, together with some other nephridial cells from a ventral to a lateral position in the embryo ; (3) the growth of this severed portion into a septal nephridium and the acquisition by the latter of an opening into the gut; (4) the elongation of the terminal ducts of all septal nephridia towards the mid-dorsal line (induced by the course of commissural vessels) and the formation of continuous supra-intestinal ducts. It is problematic whether the severance of the connexion between the funnel and the body of the nephridium took place before or after the connexion of the nephridium with the gut.


Author(s):  
Dwi Darwati

Reproductive  health education should be given since early childhood by using language that is adapted to the stage of development. If you procrastinate and wait until the teenager it is already too late because in the days of the digital era, as now, all the information can be easily accessed by anyone including children early age. If the early childhood misinformed about their reproductive organs it would disrupt the physical and psychological development due to the wrong behavior in caring for and maintaining reproductive organs. Qur’an as the holy book of Muslims describes the steps of reproduction and  imparting education wisely as well as how to apply such education. This kind of education must be in accordance with the conditions of children and there should not be a lie about it We can also use media and methods such as pictures, songs, tap or other visual  media which can give clearer information, so that children can clearly see parts of the body, their characteristics, and how to treat and care them. The impropriate approach in conveying this kind of knowledge will be very dangerous for children. The provision of early age reproductive organs education can prevent the occurrence of deviant behavior as well as protect children from dangerous influence in early childhood development.


2021 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Светлана Тарасовна Быкова ◽  
Тамара Григорьевна Калинина ◽  
Ирина Макаровна Московская

Полноценное, сбалансированное питание - основной фактор в формировании здоровья детей, когда в организме наиболее интенсивно протекают процессы роста и развития, формируются и созревают многие органы и системы, совершенствуются их функции. В статье приведены основные направления исследований зарубежных и отечественных ученых по лечению генетических заболеваний, таких как фенилкетонурия. Одним из приоритетных направлений в области здорового питания населения России в соответствии со Стратегией научно-технологического развития РФ до 2030 г. является развитие производства пищевых продуктов, обогащенных незаменимыми ингредиентами, специализированных продуктов детского питания, продуктов функционального назначения, диетических пищевых продуктов и биологически активных добавок. По данным ВОЗ от структуры питания на 70 % зависят здоровье и физическое развитие детей и подростков. Фенилкетонурия (ФКУ) - наследственное заболевание, вызывающее нарушение метаболизма аминокислоты фенилаланина у ребенка, одно из первых, рекомендованных ВОЗ для ранней диагностики у новорожденных. Отсутствие лечения вызывают серьезное поражение центральной нервной системы, отставание в умственном и физическом развитии. Особенностью современного этапа развития диетотерапии для детей, страдающих различными заболеваниями, в том числе наследственными, является разработка качественных функциональных продуктов питания, способствующих сохранению и улучшению здоровья ребенка за счет регулирующего и нормализующего воздействия на организм с учетом его физиологического состояния и возраста. Данные продукты можно широко использовать в практике лечебного питания не только в составе гипофенилаланиновой диеты, но и при любых заболеваниях, требующих ее соблюдения. В настоящее время единственным методом лечения ФКУ является диетотерапия, организованная с первых дней жизни с использованием специализированных смесей без фенилаланина. Из питания исключаются высокобелковые продукты растительного и животного происхождения. Целью лечебного воздействия диеты на ребенка является поддержка концентрации фенилаланина (ФА) в крови в пределах 2-12 мг на 100 мл в зависимости от возраста ребенка. Full-fledged balanced nutrition is the main factor in the formation of children's health, when the processes of growth and development are most intense in the body, many organs and systems are formed and mature, and their functions are improved. The article presents the main research areas of foreign and domestic scientists on the treatment of genetic diseases, such as phenylketonuria. One of the priority areas in the field of healthy nutrition of the Russian population in accordance with the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation until 2030 is the development of the production of food products enriched with essential ingredients, specialized children's food products, functional products, dietary food products and biologically active additives. According to WHO, the health and physical development of children and adolescents depends on the nutritional structure by 70%. Phenylketonuria (PKN) - an inherited disease that causes impaired metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine in a child - is one of the first recommended by WHO for early diagnosis in newborns. Lack of treatment causes serious damage to the central nervous system, a lag in mental and physical development. A feature of the modern stage of development of dietary therapy for children suffering from various diseases, including hereditary ones, is the development of quality functional food products that contribute to the preservation and improvement of the health of the child, due to the regulatory and normalizing effect on the body, taking into account its physiological state and age. These products can be widely used in the practice of therapeutic nutrition not only in the sastava of the hypophenylalanine diet, but also for any diseases requiring its observance. Currently, the only method of treating PKN is diet therapy, organized from the first days of life using specialized mixtures without phenylalanine. High-protein products of vegetable and animal origin are excluded from nutrition. The goal of the therapeutic effect of the diet on the child is to maintain the concentration of phenylalanine (FA) in the blood in the range of 2-12 mg per 100 ml, depending on the age of the child.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-129
Author(s):  
Hamam Burhanuddin

The study in this paper are explain about the studies of medical (medicine) blood type have the same relationship to human character because the blood producing antibodies and antigens. It could determine a person helpless hold strong or weak body, has an allergy to something or not, in the blood also contains various nutrients (like protein) and also the oxygen being supplied to the brain and nerves and body affect performance someone will then be emanated from the attitude of the person and social interaction. As has been explained, but keep in mind, there is blood in the genes, the nature of which is carried in the body/genotif rightly so it is, but we can not ignore the fenotif/nature arising or visible, this trait appear due to interaction between genes and the environment, so even if the person is smart in the intelligentsia and emotional, but grew up in a bad environment is going to be a bad trait. The theory of personality based on blood type can be used as a reference in parenting children through an understanding of the fundamental principles of the application of personality accompanied by parenting. Furthermore, the taking of steps in the care tailored to the stage of development of the child, in the Qur'an explicitly did not mentioned paragraph that discusses about blood type, but in the Qur'an there are blood (ad-Dam), Islamic studies in the study of Children is seen as a mandate from God, forming 3-dimensional relationships, with parents as the central figure. First, her parents relationship with God that is backed by the presence of children. Second, the relationship of the child (which still need a lot of guidance) with God through his parents. Third, the relationship of the child with both parents under the tutelage and guidance of God.


Author(s):  
Gillian McGregor ◽  
Emma Bartle

The education of healthcare professionals is critical for the safe delivery of services to patients (Ricciardi & de Paolis, 2014). Postgraduate psychology students undertaking a professional degree encounter a steep learning curve when transitioning from theoretical knowledge to professional practice. This beginning student stage of development is fraught with anxiety and high-stress levels, and has implications for both student and client wellbeing (Skovholt & Ronnestad, 2003). Successful navigation of this phase is critical to psychology graduate competence and employability, with potentially lasting consequences for psychologists’ perceptions of self-efficacy and career trajectory (De Stefano et al., 2007; Skovholt & Ronnestad, 2003). Serious games in health provide the potential for safe practice opportunities in an engaging and entertaining manner (Hawn, 2009; Knight et al., 2010). The author developed a serious game with the intention of providing postgraduate professional psychology students with increased and more convenient opportunity to practice psychological competencies. This paper synthesises game design theory into a prototype for educators to provide innovative solutions in a health context. It contributes to the body of research determining the efficacy of games in educational contexts and advances knowledge in the use of simulation pedagogies.


Author(s):  
Shûhei YAMAMOTO ◽  
Alexey V. SHAVRIN ◽  
Kristaps KAIRIŠS

ABSTRACT Phloeocharinae is a small and likely non-monophyletic subfamily of rove beetles. The enigmatic genus Charhyphus Sharp, 1887 has long been placed in Phloeocharinae, whereas recent studies have found it to be phylogenetically very distant from the core members of this subfamily, suggesting the possibility that it actually deserves its own separate subfamily status. So far, the sole definitive fossil record for Charhyphus is known based on a single male from Eocene Baltic amber as represented by †Charhyphus balticus Shavrin, 2020. Here, we describe and illustrate another new Charhyphus species, †Charhyphus serratus sp. nov. Yamamoto & Shavrin, from Baltic amber based on a well-preserved female fossil. Considering the general proportions of the body and the head, this new species is most similar to †C. balticus. The new species differs from all known species by the development of strong serration of the lateral edges of the pronotum and features of the shape of the apical margin of the mesoventrite. By using X-ray micro-computed tomography, we succeeded in visualising not only the general habitus but also each individual body part, recovering a previously undocumented sclerite on the female internal genital segments in the genus. Morphological features of extinct and extant species of Charhyphus are briefly discussed. Figures of all extant Charhyphus species and a key for the genus are also provided. Our study is important for considering possible higher palaeodiversity, more common occurrence, and palaeobiogeography of Charhyphus.


Slavic Review ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Hutchings

In this Article I shall examine the visual form or appearance (shape, size, and other visible qualities) of Soviet socially produced things (excluding any detailed consideration of trends in the fine arts or of individual craftsmanship) in relation to forces in Soviet ideology which seem to have influenced this form or appearance. (I do not attempt to describe all influences which bear on Soviet design, which would require a much more complex approach and a more extended treatment.) My definition of Soviet “ideology” would be the same as Professor Meyer's: the body of doctrine that is taught by the Communist Party to all Soviet citizens. Whether or not this doctrine is true, or thought to be true, as well as why it is propagated, or whether this would be a complete definition—these questions are considered to be irrelevant in the present context.


1968 ◽  
Vol 72 (687) ◽  
pp. 229-238
Author(s):  
M. C. Curties

The theme of this lecture on Helicopter All-Weather Operation is a discussion of the equipment requirements for the helicopter in the transport role. I have to say at the outset and possibly somewhat provocatively, that I believe that there are no real problem areas left, as far as the equipment means are concerned, between us and the realisation of a good all-weather capability in a transport helicopter. By this I mean that virtually all the basic work has been done in the main fields of guidance and control. Much of the equipment is already produced or in an advanced stage of development and most of that outstanding has already been defined and the feasibility of meeting the requirements examined. Thus, I believe, all that is required is a determination to achieve all-weather operation and to set in hand the processes of procuring the equipment. This means that the requirement has to be firmly stated and the price paid to meet it. It is idle to think that an all-weather capability can be achieved without an adequate equipment standard. However, it is reasonable to expect that its achievement should cost no more in the transport helicopter than for an equivalent standard in the transport aeroplane.


2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hibernon Lopes Filho ◽  
Lúcio H. Maia ◽  
Thiago C. L. Lau ◽  
Margareth M. G. de Souza ◽  
Lucianne Cople Maia

ABSTRACT Objective:  To investigate the body of evidence in the literature about the most favorable time for initiating orthodontic treatment in patients with severe crowding caused by tooth size arch length deficiency (TSALD). Materials and Methods:  Electronic databases (PubMed, Ovid Medline, Scopus, Virtual Health Library, and The Cochrane Library) were searched for articles published between 1900 and April 2014. Studies were included that evaluated treatment of patients with severe crowding caused TSALD, who were treated with first premolar extraction. The association between the stage of development of occlusion at which treatment was started, and the primary and/or secondary outcomes of early and late treatment were investigated. Results:  After application of the eligibility criteria and reading of the full texts, six articles were included in the final review. Of these six articles, all of which were retrospective, four showed that the primary outcome (correction of severe crowding) of the early and late groups was improved, but without statistically significant differences after treatment. Therefore, the findings of secondary outcomes in the literature (postretention crowding relapse, duration of total and active treatment [treatment with appliances], external apical root resorption, and soft tissue profile) were the target of this study. These studies presented low or moderate methodological quality and control of bias. Conclusions:  Both early and late extraction had a similar effect on correction of crowding. Early treatment had two favorable secondary outcomes (less relapse and reduced active treatment time) vs late treatment. However, the levels of evidence were not sufficient to assert which protocol was superior. (Angle Orthod. 2015;85:510–517.)


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