Reductions of Hilbert's tenth problem

1958 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Davis ◽  
Hilary Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Diophantine Equation ◽  
Hilbert's Tenth Problem ◽  
Recursively Enumerable ◽  
Hilbert’S Tenth Problem ◽  
Essential Change ◽  
Recursive Predicate ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Positive Integers

Hilbert's tenth problem is to find an algorithm for determining whether or not a diophantine equation possesses solutions. A diophantine predicate (of positive integers) is defined to be one of the formwhere P is a polynomial with integral coefficients (positive, negative, or zero). Previous work has considered the variables as ranging over nonnegative integers; but we shall find it more useful here to restrict the range to positive integers, no essential change being thereby introduced. It is clear that the recursive unsolvability of Hilbert's tenth problem would follow if one could show that some non-recursive predicate were diophantine. In particular, it would suffice to show that every recursively enumerable predicate is diophantine. Actually, it would suffice to prove far less.

scholarly journals Diophantine Equations with a Finite Number of Solutions: Craig Smorynski's Theorem, Harvey Friedman's Conjecture and Minhyong Kim's Guess

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apoloniusz Tyszka
Keyword(s):  
Finite Number ◽  
Diophantine Equation ◽  
Diophantine Equations ◽  
Negative Solution ◽  
Rational Solutions ◽  
Number Of Solutions ◽  
Hilbert's Tenth Problem ◽  
Recursively Enumerable ◽  
Hilbert’S Tenth Problem

Matiyasevich's theorem states that there is no algorithm to decide whether or not a given Diophantine equation has a solution in non-negative integers. Smorynski's theorem states that the set of all Diophantine equations which have at most finitely many solutions in non-negative integers is not recursively enumerable. We prove: (1) Smorynski's theorem easily follows from Matiyasevich's theorem, (2 ) Hilbert's Tenth Problem for Q has a negative solution if and only if the set of all Diophantine equations with a finite number of rational solutions is not recursively enumerable.

scholarly journals Diophantine Equations with a Finite Number of Solutions: Craig Smorynski's Theorem, Harvey Friedman's Conjecture and Minhyong Kim's Guess

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apoloniusz Tyszka
Keyword(s):  
Finite Number ◽  
Diophantine Equation ◽  
Diophantine Equations ◽  
Negative Solution ◽  
Rational Solutions ◽  
Number Of Solutions ◽  
Hilbert's Tenth Problem ◽  
Recursively Enumerable ◽  
Hilbert’S Tenth Problem

Matiyasevich's theorem states that there is no algorithm to decide whether or not a given Diophantine equation has a solution in non-negative integers. Smorynski's theorem states that the set of all Diophantine equations which have at most finitely many solutions in non-negative integers is not recursively enumerable. We prove: (1) Smorynski's theorem easily follows from Matiyasevich's theorem, (2 ) Hilbert's Tenth Problem for Q has a negative solution if and only if the set of all Diophantine equations with a finite number of rational solutions is not recursively enumerable.

Universal diophantine equation

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Diophantine Equation ◽  
Diophantine Equations ◽  
Recursively Enumerable Set ◽  
Integer Coefficients ◽  
Recursively Enumerable ◽  
Recursively Enumerable Sets ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Positive Integers ◽  
Martin Davis ◽  
Exponential Relation

In 1961 Martin Davis, Hilary Putnam and Julia Robinson [2] proved that every recursively enumerable set W is exponential diophantine, i.e. can be represented in the formHere P is a polynomial with integer coefficients and the variables range over positive integers.In 1970 Ju. V. Matijasevič used this result to establish the unsolvability of Hilbert's tenth problem. Matijasevič proved [11] that the exponential relation y = 2x is diophantine This together with [2] implies that every recursively enumerable set is diophantine, i.e. every r.e. set Wcan be represented in the formFrom this it follows that there does not exist an algorithm to decide solvability of diophantine equations. The nonexistence of such an algorithm follows immediately from the existence of r.e. nonrecursive sets.Now it is well known that the recursively enumerable sets W1, W2, W3, … can be enumerated in such a way that the binary relation x ∈ Wv is also recursively enumerable. Thus Matijasevič's theorem implies the existence of a diophantine equation U such that for all x and v,

scholarly journals Diophantine Equations with a Finite Number of Solutions: Craig Smorynski's Theorem, Harvey Friedman's Conjecture and Minhyong Kim's Guess

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apoloniusz Tyszka
Keyword(s):  
Finite Number ◽  
Diophantine Equation ◽  
Diophantine Equations ◽  
Negative Solution ◽  
Rational Solutions ◽  
Number Of Solutions ◽  
Hilbert's Tenth Problem ◽  
Recursively Enumerable ◽  
Hilbert’S Tenth Problem

Matiyasevich's theorem states that there is no algorithm to decide whether or not a given Diophantine equation has a solution in non-negative integers. Smorynski's theorem states that the set of all Diophantine equations which have at most finitely many solutions in non-negative integers is not recursively enumerable. We prove: (1) Smorynski's theorem easily follows from Matiyasevich's theorem, (2 ) Hilbert's Tenth Problem for Q has a negative solution if and only if the set of all Diophantine equations with a finite number of rational solutions is not recursively enumerable.

scholarly journals Diophantine Equations with a Finite Number of Solutions: Craig Smorynski's Theorem, Harvey Friedman's Conjecture and Minhyong Kim's Guess

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apoloniusz Tyszka
Keyword(s):  
Finite Number ◽  
Diophantine Equation ◽  
Diophantine Equations ◽  
Negative Solution ◽  
Rational Solutions ◽  
Number Of Solutions ◽  
Hilbert's Tenth Problem ◽  
Recursively Enumerable ◽  
Hilbert’S Tenth Problem

Matiyasevich's theorem states that there is no algorithm to decide whether or not a given Diophantine equation has a solution in non-negative integers. Smorynski's theorem states that the set of all Diophantine equations which have at most finitely many solutions in non-negative integers is not recursively enumerable. We prove: (1) Smorynski's theorem easily follows from Matiyasevich's theorem, (2 ) Hilbert's Tenth Problem for Q has a negative solution if and only if the set of all Diophantine equations with a finite number of rational solutions is not recursively enumerable.

Arithmetical problems and recursively enumerable predicates

1953 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Davis
Keyword(s):  
Finite Sequence ◽  
Considerable Improvement ◽  
Hilbert's Tenth Problem ◽  
Recursively Enumerable ◽  
Hilbert’S Tenth Problem ◽  
Universal Quantifiers ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Unsolvable Problems

It is an immediate consequence of results of Church and Gödel that there exist arithmetical recursively unsolvable problems, that is, recursively unsolvable problems of the form [M](P = Q) where P and Q are polynomials and [M] is some finite sequence of existential and universal quantifiers. A question which is immediately raised by this result is whether there exist unsolvable problems of this form where [M] is some finite sequence of existential quantifiers only. As a matter of fact this question is easily seen to be closely related to the tenth problem in the famous list proposed by Hilbert in 1900.In this paper, we prove the existence of recursively unsolvable problems of the formwhere P and Q are polynomials with non-negative integral coefficients. As a matter of fact we show that every recursively enumerable predicate is of the form (1), and conversely that every predicate of the form (1) is recursively enumerable. While our result does not yield the recursive unsolvability of Hilbert's tenth problem, it is easily seen that any considerable improvement of our result would yield this unsolvability.The author wishes to take this opportunity to express his gratitude to Professors Alonzo Church and E. L. Post with whom he has had the privilege of discussing some of the questions involved in this paper. He also wishes to thank his friends Melvin Hausner and Jacob Schwartz who have made valuable suggestions.

A note on the diophantine equation (xm − l) / (x − 1) = yn + l

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Maohua
Keyword(s):  
Diophantine Equation ◽  
Rational Numbers ◽  
Prime Factors ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Positive Integers

Let ℤ, ℕ, ℚ denote the sets of integers, positive integers and rational numbers, respectively. Solutions (x, y, m, n) of the equation (1) have been investigated in many papers:Let ω(m), ρ(m) denote the number of distinct prime factors and the greatest square free factor of m, respectively. In this note we prove the following results.

scholarly journals ON THE NUMBER OF SOLUTIONS OF THE DIOPHANTINE EQUATION axm−byn=c

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
BO HE ◽  
ALAIN TOGBÉ
Keyword(s):  
Positive Integer ◽  
Diophantine Equation ◽  
Number Of Solutions ◽  
Integer Solutions ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Positive Integers

AbstractLet a, b, c, x and y be positive integers. In this paper we sharpen a result of Le by showing that the Diophantine equation has at most two positive integer solutions (m,n) satisfying min (m,n)>1.

scholarly journals SOLUTIONS OF THE DIOPHANTINE EQUATION xy+yz+zx=n!

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-232
Author(s):  
MIHAI CIPU (BUCHAREST) ◽  
FLORIAN LUCA (MORELIA) ◽  
MAURICE MIGNOTTE (STRASBOURG)
Keyword(s):  
Diophantine Equation ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Positive Integers ◽  
Coprime Positive Integers

AbstractWe prove that the only solutions in coprime positive integers to the equation are (x, y, z)=(n!–2, 1, 1, n), n≥3.

scholarly journals COUNTING THE NUMBER OF SOLUTIONS TO THE ERDŐS–STRAUS EQUATION ON UNIT FRACTIONS

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTIAN ELSHOLTZ ◽  
TERENCE TAO
Keyword(s):  
Positive Integer ◽  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Diophantine Equation ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Natural Numbers ◽  
Number Of Solutions ◽  
Waring’S Problem ◽  
Unit Fractions ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Positive Integers

AbstractFor any positive integer $n$, let $f(n)$ denote the number of solutions to the Diophantine equation $$\begin{eqnarray*}\frac{4}{n} = \frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{y} + \frac{1}{z}\end{eqnarray*}$$ with $x, y, z$ positive integers. The Erdős–Straus conjecture asserts that $f(n)\gt 0$ for every $n\geq 2$. In this paper we obtain a number of upper and lower bounds for $f(n)$ or $f(p)$ for typical values of natural numbers $n$ and primes $p$. For instance, we establish that $$\begin{eqnarray*}N\hspace{0.167em} {\mathop{\log }\nolimits }^{2} N\ll \displaystyle \sum _{p\leq N}f(p)\ll N\hspace{0.167em} {\mathop{\log }\nolimits }^{2} N\log \log N.\end{eqnarray*}$$ These upper and lower bounds show that a typical prime has a small number of solutions to the Erdős–Straus Diophantine equation; small, when compared with other additive problems, like Waring’s problem.

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