Seviri Equitum Romanorum and municipal Seviri: A Study in Pre-Military Training among the Romans

1924 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 158-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Ross Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The State ◽  
Preliminary Training ◽  
To Come ◽  
Circus Maximus ◽  
The Military

The pompa circensis, the solemn procession that marched to the Circus Maximus on the occasion of the ludi magni, was headed by the boys and young men of the state, those whose fathers had the census equester going on horseback and the others on foot. The object of the procession was, Dionysius says, depending on Fabius for his account, to show to strangers how numerous and powerful were the youths about to come to man's estate. The martial ceremony must have been a stirring preparation for the military service that in early times was the duty of every Roman citizen. There was further preparation for such service at Rome. Cicero tells us that in former times, for a year after the taking of the toga virilis, the young tiro was trained at Rome in exercitatio ludusque campestris. This preliminary training was restored for the young noble by Augustus who felt its importance as a preparation for the military service insisted upon for all who sought political preferment. Indeed, the old tirocinium, as Rostovtzeff has shown, seems to have been lengthened from one to two years.

scholarly journals Results of a comprehensive study of expert opinion and social hygienic aspects of doctors of draft boards of the subjects of the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-705
Author(s):  
A A Sogiyaynen
Keyword(s):  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The State ◽  
Medical Specialists ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military

Aim. Examination of expert opinions and social and hygienic aspects of the activities of draft board doctors of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Methods. The results of an anonymous continuous survey of medical specialists of the military-medical commissions of the military commissariats of the subjects of the Russian Federation (n=646) are presented, who directly conduct military-medical examination of the studied contingent. Results. When interviewing experts, significant factors were found that affect the health of citizens of draft age and the quality of military medical expertise. Thus, experts assessed the state of health of modern young men as satisfactory in 84% of cases, and in 3.6% as unsatisfactory. 46.5% of medical specialists noted a positive trend in the level of moral and psychological training of the contingent. Over 14% of respondents noted a negative trend in the health status of young men of draft age over the past 5 years. 9.8% of specialists assess the level of treatment and preventive measures among persons of draft age as unsatisfactory, 25.3% of experts consider it necessary to expand the list of mandatory diagnostic studies when preparing citizens for military service. The reasons for the unsatisfactory work of the system for the prevention of diseases among citizens before being drafted for military service, according to medical specialists, are formalism in carrying out activities for the prevention of diseases, lack of subspecialists in health care organizations, especially in remote areas, and the elimination of adolescent service. The state of the regulatory framework governing the relationship of the parties during the medical provision of training and conscription to the military forces of the Russian Federation adversely affects the work of 43.6% of doctors. Conclusion. An expert opinion of the medical specialists of the military medical commissions of the military commissariats indicates that the main reserves for improving the quality of measures to prepare citizens for military service are the expansion of diagnostic and treatment and prophylactic measures carried out before military conscription.

Value of psychotherapeutic self-control in energy saving at experts of dangerous professions

2018 ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Е.Ю. Соколов ◽  
А.И. Адаев ◽  
А.А. Фомин ◽  
Л.Г. Магурдумова
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
The State ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Preliminary Training ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Military ◽  
Business Trip

In article the importance of use of psychotherapeutic actions of self-control by employees of a dangerous profession is stated during the work in emergency situations. The state of health of fighters who before the direction in business trip were trained previously in self-control methods at different stages of performance of a fighting task, with a condition of group of the military personnel who didn’t pass preliminary training in energy saving methods is compared.

scholarly journals Jan Sobieski’s latifundium and the soldiers (1652-1696)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ujma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Military Service ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
The State ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Economic Market ◽  
The People ◽  
Actual Strength ◽  
The Military

Abstract An analysis of the relationship between Jan III Sobieski and the people he distinguished shows that there were many mutual benefits. Social promotion was more difficult if the candidate for the office did not come from a senatorial family34. It can be assumed that, especially in the case of Atanazy Walenty Miączyński, the economic activity in the Sobieski family was conducive to career development. However, the function of the plenipotentiary was not a necessary condition for this. Not all the people distinguished by Jan III Sobieski achieved the same. More important offices were entrusted primarily to Marek Matczyński. Stanisław Zygmunt Druszkiewicz’s career was definitely less brilliant. Druszkiewicz joined the group of senators thanks to Jan III, and Matczyński and Szczuka received ministerial offices only during the reign of Sobieski. Jan III certainly counted on the ability to manage a team of people acquired by his comrades-in-arms in the course of his military service. However, their other advantage was also important - good orientation in political matters and exerting an appropriate influence on the nobility. The economic basis of the magnate’s power is an issue that requires more extensive research. This issue was primarily of interest to historians dealing with latifundia in the 18th century. This was mainly due to the source material. Latifundial documentation was kept much more regularly in the 18th century than before and is well-organized. The economic activity of the magnate was related not only to the internal organization of landed estates. It cannot be separated from the military, because the goal of the magnate’s life was politics and, very often, also war. Despite its autonomy, the latifundium wasn’t isolated. Despite the existence of the decentralization process of the state, the magnate families remained in contact with the weakening center of the state and influenced changes in its social structure. The actual strength of the magnate family was determined not only by the area of land goods, but above all by their profitability, which depended on several factors: geographic location and natural conditions, the current situation on the economic market, and the management method adopted by the magnate. In the 17th century, crisis phenomena, visible in demography, agricultural and crafts production, money and trade, intensified. In these realities, attempts by Jan III Sobieski to reconstruct the lands destroyed by the war and to introduce military rigor in the management center did not bring the expected results. Sobieski, however, introduced “new people” to the group of senators, who implemented his policy at the sejmiks and the Parliament, participated in military expeditions and managed his property.

Conflict and Catharsis: A Report on Developments in Dagestan Following the Incursions of August and September 1999

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enver Kisriev ◽  
Robert Bruce Ware
Keyword(s):  
Military Training ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Connected Group ◽  
The Military

There was a fateful inevitability to the military actions in Dagestan that began on 2 August 1999 and concluded on 16 September. During the 2 years preceding, tensions within Dagestan's Islamic community had been building between fundamentalist Wahhabis and traditionalists. These tensions were exacerbated by Dagestan's sharp economic decline. Unemployment, which was running at 80% by August, contributed to growing dissatisfaction, especially in Dagestan's rural regions. These tensions reached critical proportions in the Botliksky rayon, particularly among young men belonging to the Andi ethno-linguistic sub-group of the Avars. Many of the latter were attracted to military training camps operated in Chechnya by Emir al Khattab, leader of the Wahhabite Islamic djamaat (village or connected group of villages) at Karamakhi, Chabanmakhi and Kadar, and by Shamyl Basayev, leader of the Islamic Congress of the Peoples of Ichkeria and Dagestan. In these camps rural Dagestani alienation met Chechen militancy and international Islamic fundamentalist support. Meanwhile Wahhabism grew increasingly influential in Chechnya as rival political leaders appealed to puritanical Islam in order to bolster their claims to authority and legitimize their political agendas.

scholarly journals Professional Training Of Future Logistics Officers At National Military University Of Bulgaria

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Nichev ◽  
Elitsa Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Business Logistics ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military

Abstract The specific of the officer’s military management activities lies in its functional responsibilities. The obligations and requirements determine them. The specifics of the military management activities of logistics officer are designated by the statute of military service in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Bulgaria. This article represents the proficiency of the future logistics officers at Vasil Levski National Military University, which is achieved through training in two specialties: military training in “Organization and management of tactical units for logistics” and civil training in “Business Logistics”. In the both, cadets acquire the educational and qualification degree “Bachelor”.

scholarly journals The Association between Endogenous Hair Steroid Hormones and Social Environmental Factors in a Group of Conscripts during Basic Military Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12239
Author(s):  
Asta Mažeikienė ◽  
Svajone Bekesiene ◽  
Dovilė Karčiauskaitė ◽  
Eglė Mazgelytė ◽  
Gerry Larsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Military Service ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Task Cohesion ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Social Environmental Factors ◽  
The Military

This study aimed to analyse the association between endogenous hair steroid hormones as reliable biological indicators of an individual’s stress level and the social environmental factors experienced during military training that are manifested at the beginning of compulsory military service. Hair steroid hormone concentrations—cortisol, cortisone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and testosterone—in a group of 185 conscripts were measured using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Six subjective social environmental factors in the military—attitude towards the military and military service, adaptation to the military environment, team, task, and norm cohesion, as well as psychological (un)safety in the group—were evaluated using military-specific research questionnaires. Weak but significant negative correlations were identified between cortisol and adaptation (r = −0.176, p < 0.05), attitude (r = −0.147, p < 0.05) as well as between testosterone and task cohesion (r = −0.230, p < 0.01) levels. Additionally, a multiple forward stepwise regression analysis highlighted that cortisone variation might be partially explained by task cohesion; the DHEA—determined by psychological (un)safety in the group, attitude towards the military and military service, and norm cohesion; and the testosterone—determined by task cohesion and adaptation to the new military environment. The results of this study suggest that subjective measures of social factors can be used to predict hair steroid hormone levels as objective measures of the chronic stress perceived by conscripts during their basic military training.

General discussion

1988 ◽  
Vol 324 (1579) ◽  
pp. 467-469
Keyword(s):  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Sufficient Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Military

Sir Hermann Bondi, K.C.B., F.R.S. (Churchill College, Cambridge, U. K. ). (i) I see that our main concern is to stimulate the potential civil users to come forward and let us know their requirements with some precision. Because it has become clear that there are no general answers to all questions, our work needs to be targetted. The military user can be more definite and say that he wants to see where specific targets are. Can one be equally specific about particular civil needs? (ii) Nor do I believe that money need be an obstacle. In the commodity markets an interpretation of remotely sensed data ahead of other knowledge should give a tremendous advantage to somebody buying or selling futures in, say, coffee. For, with sufficient knowledge and expertise, the data should reveal the state of the crop in all parts of the world. How can these sources of funds be tapped? (iii) What other civil uses might involve very large sums of money?

Military Covenants and Contracts in Motion: Reservists as Transmigrants 10 Years Later

2020 ◽  
pp. 0095327X2092403
Author(s):  
Nir Gazit ◽  
Edna Lomsky-Feder ◽  
Eyal Ben Ari
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
The State ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Implicit Contracts ◽  
Identity Commitment ◽  
Dynamic Dimension ◽  
The Military

This article reexamines and develops the analytical metaphor of “Reserve Soldiers as Transmigrants” in three directions. First, we advance the notion of transmigration by linking it to the explicit and implicit “contracts” or agreements struck between the military and individuals and groups within and outside of it. Second, we show that the “management” model of reserve forces is not just an administrative matter but that “negotiating” with reservists involves wider issues that include managing identity, commitment, and the meaning attached to military service. Third, we examine the institutional and political meaning of the reserves at the macro sociological level. The juxtaposition and interplay of two models—transmigration and multiple contracts—allows us to introduce structural elements into the movement of soldiers between the military and civilian society, and add a dynamic dimension to the contents of the implicit contracts that organize reservists’ relations with the state and military.

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