The Effects of the Prevailing Wind on Trees in a Small Area of South-West Hampshire

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Backhouse ◽  
R. K. Pegg
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Prevailing Wind ◽  
South West

Habitat requirements and distribution of Engaeus cisternarius and three subspecies of Parastacoides tasmanicus (Decapoda : Parastacidae), burrowing crayfish from an area of south-western Tasmania

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMM Richardson ◽  
R Swain
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Extensive Survey ◽  
South West ◽  
Waterlogged Soils

During an extensive survey of the crayfish fauna of the lower catchments of the Gordon River, south-western Tasmania. two species of crayfish were collected: Engaeus cisternarius and three subspecies of Parastacoides tasmanicus (P. t. tasmanicus, P. t. inermis and P. t. insignis). From this survey and an intensive study in a small area of the Olga River valley, distinct habitat preferences of each of the forms were recognized. E. cisteinavius was restricted to the areas north and west of the Gordon River where it was found only in clay and sandy soils under rainforest. P. t. tasmanicus was found in waterlogged soils, peats and sands on valley floors covered either with wet sedgeland or rainforest. P. t. inermis was found in two disjunct habitats: well- drained slopes and hillsides covered in heath vegetation. and under rocks in small creeks in rainforests. P. t. insignis occupied an intermediate habitat between P. t. tasmanicus and the non-creek dwelling, P. t. inermis, but was restricted geographically to the extreme south-west of the study area. The taxonomic status of the P. tasmanicus subspecies is discussed.

Houses and Hierarchies: Economic and Social Relations in the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age of Southernmost Scandinavia

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Brink
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Elite Networks ◽  
South West ◽  
Southern Scandinavia ◽  
Individual Strategies

Research on Late Neolithic–Early Bronze Age society in southernmost Scandinavia has to a large extent focused on the creation of social hierarchy and on elite networks upheld by individuals. This has meant that the importance of collective strategies has been underplayed. In the south-west corner of Sweden, about eighty house remains from the Late Neolithic and the earliest Bronze Age have been excavated within a small area. It is the largest concentration of houses from the period so far excavated in southern Scandinavia. The settlement pattern reveals both single farms and one site, Almhov, with a concentration of several contemporary farms with large houses. The aim of this article is to highlight collective aspects, recognizing that both collective and individual strategies are important in the formation of hierarchical societies. House remains as well as graves and their placement in relation to each other within the local landscape are the archaeological material in focus, regarded as materializations of economic and social relations. It is argued that collective strategies were an important part of creating and maintaining economic and social position.

scholarly journals Implements from a Station at Cranwich, Norfolk

1914 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-457
Author(s):  
H. H. Halls
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Sandy Area ◽  
South West ◽  
Boulder Clay ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Two Sides

During the last year or two I have obtained some 1262 flint implements of varying types and patinas from a small area of the parish of Cranwich in South-West Norfolk. The implements may with comparative ease be divided into three groups according to patina, white, blue, and black, the last-named including those having miscellaneous colourings that are neither blue nor white, or with no appreciable patina. According to these divisions I have 351 white, 268 blue, 604 black and 12 implements with totally different patinas on the two sides.The white patinated implements are found on a rich loam on which water rests in wet weather. This is only from four to eight inches thick, and the subsoil is locally known as “cobbles chalk,” that is, chalk broken into small lumps by glacial action. These lumps are about the size of plums quite white, and in a foot or so pass into undisturbed chalk. The blue patinated implements are mainly found on a sandy area resting on chalk, and the black on a sand and gravel area with chalk as the subsoil, though a few hollows are filled with chalky boulder clay. On the sandy area the surface soil is somewhat deeper, averaging from nine inches to a foot.

scholarly journals Subnational estimates of maternal mortality in Nigeria: Analysis of female siblings’ survivorship histories. 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Opeyemi Oluwatosin Babajide ◽  
Joshua Odunayo Akinyemi ◽  
Olusola Ayeni
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
The South ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West

Abstract BACKGROUND High Maternal Mortality (MM) in Nigeria is further complicated by the lack of reliable estimates for subnational levels such as states and geopolitical regions. Disaggregating maternal mortality estimates by subnational levels is crucial to ensuring policy decisions and program implementation are adapted to areas with a high burden of mortality. This study involves a novel adaptation of small area estimation techniques to derive plausible estimates of levels and trends in Maternal Mortality rates and ratios for states and geopolitical regions in Nigeria. METHODS. Survivorship history data of 293,769 female siblings were provided by 114,154 women in the Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys of 2008, 2013 and 2018. MM Rates and Ratios were estimated using the Empirical Bayesian technique for small area demographic estimates. The James-Stein estimator was used to shrink the estimates closer to the population mean values with 95% Confidence Interval (CI). RESULTS Levels of MMRatio were highest in the rural areas, States and regions in Northern Nigeria. MMRatio was consistently lower in the South West (2008=281; 2013=367; 2018=392) and higher among the Northern regions of the country, particularly the North-East (2008=654; 2013=612; 2018=901) for three consecutive surveys. Over the three surveys, mortality trends declined about 18% in the North West and 54.2% in the South East region. However, there was a 4.8% increase in MMRatio for South West between 2008 to 2018. CONCLUSIONS Nigeria has geopolitical and sub-national disparities that pose a burden to the country’s maternal health. Since several states in the Northern geopolitical zone still show high maternal mortality, targeted intervention at state levels should be explored to ensure that mothers who need help get it to ensure the sustainable development goals are met.

The Diorites and Associated Rocks of the Glen Tilt Complex, Perthshire

1938 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Deer
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Biotite Granite ◽  
Reasonable Doubt ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Granitic Intrusion ◽  
Western Side ◽  
Basic Rocks ◽  
North Western

The Glen Tilt Complex, one of the larger masses of the Newer Granites of the Central Highlands, is included in sheet 64 of the Geological Survey of Scotland. The greater part of this complex is a granite which is bounded on the south-west and southeast by an earlier series of intermediate and basic rocks. The granites described in this contribution are restricted to a small area at the south-eastern margin of the large granitic intrusion generally known as the Beinn Dearc granite. The smaller and independent intrusion of the Sron a ‘Chro’ granite and a number of smaller masses of granite associated with the marginal strip of diorites on the north-western side of Glen Tilt have also been examined. These small isolated areas appear to be contemporaneous with the intrusion of the main Beinn Dearc mass and have been intruded between the earlier diorites and the margin of the intrusion, a feature not uncommon in many of the other Scottish Newer Granites. A small independent mass of muscovite-biotite-granite intruded into quartz-mica-diorite occurs on Conlach Mhor. Although these rocks are completely isolated from both the biotite- and muscovite-biotite-granites of the main Beinn Dearc intrusion their essential similarity with the latter leaves no reasonable doubt of their common origin.

Excavations at Verulamium, 1960: Sixth Interim Report

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 72-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Frere
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Magnetic Survey ◽  
West Side ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Complete Work ◽  
Pipe Line

The sixth season at Verulamium lasted a period of five weeks from 20th July to 24th August 1960. As the last full season of the current programme, it was designed to test one or two specific questions and to complete work already begun. Trenches were cut in insulae XIX and XXVIII in an attempt to define the south-east and south-west sides respectively of the suspected Claudian fort, but met with no success. In insula XIV a small area still outstanding was excavated down to the level of the Antonine fire: in insula XXI further work was done on building 2, to complete the plan and to salvage some painted wall plaster still remaining. In insula XXVII the stoke-hole, added perhaps as late as the early fifth century to building 2, room 15, was examined and trenches were cut to trace the further course of the fifth-century pipe-line. The main task for 1960, however, was to test the results of the proton-magnetometer survey carried out in 1959, by cutting sections across the line thus suggested for the ‘1955 Ditch’. This was done at two points, the first in insula VIII and the second just south-west of insula V, and the existence of the earthwork on the course predicted was confirmed. Later in the autumn the north-west side of the enclosure was defined by a further magnetic survey by Dr. M. J. Aitken.

Excavations at Stavros, Ithaca, in 1937

1952 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 227-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Main Site ◽  
South West ◽  
Narrow Ridge ◽  
The Village

For three weeks of May–June 1937 excavations of limited extent were conducted at Stavros in northern Ithaca. The main site was a small area immediately below the village square to the south-west, where chance finds by the proprietor of the land, followed in 1936 by a trial excavation, had revealed the presence of Greek graves and a Bronze Age deposit.Stavros lies on a narrow ridge commanding the bays of Phrikes to the east and Polis to the west. Along this ridge must at all times have run the route from the south of the island to Pelikata and the fertile valley of Kalamos. Below the ridge, to the south west, there is a good water-supply at Asprosykia, where late Helladic sherds are recorded. The existence of large dressed blocks lower down the slope at the head of the valley, and of other blocks and rock-cuttings farther westwards, towards Polis Bay, suggests that a not inconsiderable town stood here in classical times.

scholarly journals A Circum-Pannonian Word-Prosodic Parallel: Paroxytonic Accent in the South-West Bohemian Dialect

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbyněk Holub
Keyword(s):  
Initial Stress ◽  
Small Area ◽  
The South ◽  
South West

Slavists generally think of the Czecho-Slovak dialect area as having a wordprosody configuration of fixed word-initial stress with contrastive length possible in any syllable. A notable exception is the Silesian dialect area, which typically has the Polish configuration with fixed penultimate stress and no contrastive length. Much less familiar is a small area in SW Bohemia (Pilsen, České Budějovice and environs) with what has been termed “paroxytonic stress” and contrastive length, which at first blush may be considered akin to the Silesian configuration.

Molecular phylogeography of a widespread Malagasy leaf chameleon species, Brookesia superciliaris

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2554 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
FANOMEZANA M. RATSOAVINA ◽  
PHILIP-SEBASTIAN GEHRING ◽  
FREDDY J. RANAIVOARISOA ◽  
TSILAVO H. RAFELIARISOA ◽  
ANGELICA CROTTINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Endemic Genus ◽  
Molecular Phylogeography ◽  
South West

Chameleons of the Madagascan endemic genus Brookesia Gray are small to extremely small reptiles with a mostly terrestrial lifestyle, and due to their low mobility and their camouflage they are nearly invisible in the leaf litter of Madagascar's forests. The genus Brookesia is widely distributed (except in the arid south and south-west) but many Brookesia species are restricted to a relatively small area of the island (Glaw & Vences 2007). Speciation has been most prolific in the northern parts of Madagascar, an area that currently host about two-thirds of the 27 nominal Brookesia species (Raxworthy & Nussbaum 1995; Glaw & Vences 2007; Townsend et al. 2009).

Passiflora calypilosa, a new species of Passiflora sect. Elkea (Passifloraceae) from the Andes of Colombia

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 450 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-300
Author(s):  
J.R. KUETHE ◽  
HERNAN DARIO BERNAL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Small Area ◽  
The Andes ◽  
South West ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
A New Species

A new species from the Andes of Colombia is described. Passiflora calypilosa sp. nov. from supersection Tacsonia, section Elkea is morphologically closely related to Passiflora crispolanata from Boyacá, Colombia, and the polymorphic varieties of Passiflora lanata and Passiflora adulterina. The new species clearly differs from them in the fully tomentose hypanthium after which it is named and the densely hirsute ovary. Further, it appears to be restricted to a small area South-west of Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia. The morphology, distribution and ecology of the new species is compared and discussed below.

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