Application of Allometry to Zooarchaeology

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Reitz ◽  
Irvy R. Quitmyer ◽  
H. Stephen Hale ◽  
Sylvia J. Scudder ◽  
Elizabeth S. Wing
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average Body

Zooarchaeologists have used several methods to assess the relative dietary contribution of species found at archaeological sites. The most common methods are either based upon the assumption that bone weight is a fixed percentage of total body weight, or require estimating an "average" body size for identified taxa. In fact, the relationship between parameters of bone and body mass is generally allometric and can be described by linear regression. Use of allometric models places original body mass predictions on a more sound biological basis and makes calculations of "average" weight unnecessary. The potential of allometry is discussed and objections addressed with the goal of encouraging others to develop allometric formulae and to use them in their research.

Increases in adipose and total body weight, but not in lean body mass, associated with subcutaneous administration of Sonic hedgehog-Ig fusion protein to mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline L. Martin ◽  
Joan Lane ◽  
Louise Pouliot ◽  
Malcolm Gains ◽  
Rudolph Stejskal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Growth and body weight of free-range reindeer in western Alaska

Rangifer ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg L. Finstad ◽  
Alexander K. Prichard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Reproductive Females ◽  
Average Body

Total body weight of 9749 reindeer calves and 4798 adult reindeer were measured from 1984 to 1999 on the Seward Peninsula, western Alaska, USA. Growth rates of male and female calves, and annual growth patterns of adults were determined. Male calves grew faster than female calves. Reproductive females were lighter than non-reproductive females during summer but there was no effect of reproduction on average body weights the following winter. Adult males age 3-5 were heavier during summer than winter. Castrated males weighed the same as uncastrated males in summer, but were significantly heavier in winter, and did not display the large annual fluctuations in weight typical of reproductive males and females. Growth rates were higher and body weights greater in this herd than many other cir-cumpolar reindeer populations. We suggest these kinds of physiological indices should be used to monitor the possible effects of spatial and temporal variation in population density and to evaluate changes in herding practices.

Loss of lean body mass within one week as a major determinant for total weight loss at one month after gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 219-219
Author(s):  
Toru Aoyama ◽  
Takaki Yoshikawa ◽  
Taiichi Kawabe ◽  
Hirohito Fujikawa ◽  
Tsutomu Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Total Body Weight Loss

219 Background: Postoperative changes in body weight and composition during first 1 month after gastrectomy remained unclear. Methods: The patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer between May 2010 and October 2013 were examined. Body weight and composition were evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analyzer within 1 week before surgery (first measurement), at 1 week after surgery (second measurement), and at 1 month after surgery (third measurement). The changes of the early period were defined as the differences until the second measurement, while those of the late period as the differences from the second to the third measurement. Results: Two-hundred forty four patients were selected for this study. Total body weight loss (BWL) within 1 month was -3.4 kg and the rate of body weight at 1 month to the preoperative body weight was 94.1%. BWL was significantly greater in the early period rather than that of the late period (-2.1 kg vs -1.2 kg, p<0.001). In the early period, loss of lean body mass was significantly greater than loss of fat mass (-1.5 kg vs -0.6 kg, p<0.001). The same trend was observed regardless of type of gastrectomy and surgical approach. Conclusions: Loss of lean body mass within 1 week was a major determinant for total body weight loss at 1 month. To maintain lean body mass within 1 week and total body weight at 1 month, future trial should be focused on not the surgical approach but nutritional intervention within 1 week.

scholarly journals PENGUKURAN PANJANG TUBUH CACING NIPAH PENDEK Namalycastis abiuma (POLYCHAETA: NEREDIDAE) DARI PERAIRAN MANGROVE SUNGAI KAPUAS KALIMANTAN BARAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Junardi Junardi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Body Size ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

AbstrakCacing Nipah Pendek Namalycastis abiuma memiliki tubuh yang elastis dan mudah putus sehingga diperlukan pendekatan morfometri tubuh lain untuk menentukan panjang tubuh sesungguhnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan panjang tubuh total cacing nipah pendek dengan menggunakan bobot tubuh, jumlah total segmen berseta, panjang tiga segmen anterior pertama (L3) dan lebar segmen berseta atau setiger ke-10 (S-10). Spesimen yang digunakan dipilih hanya individu yang lengkap dan utuh. Pengukuran dilakukan dibawah mikroskop dengan lensa okular yang dilengkapi dengan mikrometer. Data dianalisis dengan analisis korelasi. Cacing yang digunakan sebanyak 258 individu yang terdiri atas 190 immature, 54 submature dan 14 mature dengan ukuran panjang tubuh rata-rata berturut-turut 108,62±34,80 mm, 172,27±42,78 mm dan 123,14±57,40 mm. Cacing betina ditemukan memiliki ukuran tubuh lebih besar dari jantan. Panjang tubuh N. abiuma dapat diduga dengan bobot tubuh, panjang L3 dan lebar S-10 dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (r) berturut-turut 0,82, 0,73 dan 0,78. Pendekatan morfometri dapat digunakan untuk menentukan ukuran tubuh N. abiuma.Abstract The short nypa palm worm Namalycastis abiuma has an elastic and fragile body. Therefore, an alternative approach of morphometrical techniques is needed to determine the total body length. This research aimed to estimate the total body length of the short nypa palm worm based on body weight, the total number of segments, the length of the first three anterior segment (L3) and the tenth setiger width (S10). Body measurement was done using stereomicroscope fitted with the micrometer. Correlation analysis was done to describe the relationship between the length of L3 and the width of S10. A total of 258 complete and whole specimens consisted of 190 immature, 54 submature, and 14 mature individuals. The average body length of immature individuals was 108.62±34.80 mm, 172.27±42.78 mm for sub mature individuals, and 123.14±57.40 mm for mature individuals. Based on sexual dimorphism, the female body size is larger than male. The body length of N. abiuma can be estimated by body weight, the length of L3, and the  width of S10, with  correlation coefficient (r) of 0.82, 0.73 and 0.78, respectively. Morphometry approach can be used to determine the body size of N. abiuma. 

Effect of Shearing Wool and the Hot Months of the Year on some Production Characteristics in Turkish Awassi Ewes

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Taha AL-Sharqi ◽  
Majid Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Control ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Production Characteristics

This study aimed to investigate the effect of wool shearing and the environmental factors represented by some hot months of the year (July August and September) on some production characteristics in Turkish Awassi ewes. 18 ewes, aged 3-5 years, with an average weight of about 55±1.43 kg, were used. The ewes divided into three treatments. The first group control (T1) were not shorned the wool, the second group (T2) wool of ewes were sheared at a distance of 1 cm from skin, while third group (T3) wool of ewes were sheared at level of the skin. The value of the weekly Temperature-humidity index THI in this study (32.33, 31.08, 31.70, 32.53, 33.45, 33.83, 34.60, 33.91, 31.90, 31.10, 31.84, 32.74) weeks respectively, while the monthly THI was (31.63, 33.48, 31.82) months of the study in July August and September in a respectively. The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the treatments in body weight that were recorded at the tenth week where the THI reached. While the Second group recorded (2.16 ± 0.802) kg compared to T1, T3 (0.916 ± 0.723) (0.583 ± 0.490) kg respectively. While the total body weight of ewes and birth weight showed non-significant differences between different treated groups. From another hand the result showed non-significant differences feed and significant differences in water consumption between different treated groups. From the current study concluded that the level of shearing wool in Turkish Awassi ewes in conjunction with high temperature has an effect in production characteristics by reducing the effect of heat stress on the ewes.

scholarly journals Towards Personalised Contrast Injection: Artificial-Intelligence-Derived Body Composition and Liver Enhancement in Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Daan J. de Jong ◽  
Wouter B. Veldhuis ◽  
Frank J. Wessels ◽  
Bob de Vos ◽  
Pim Moeskops ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

In contrast-enhanced computed tomography, total body weight adapted contrast injection protocols have proven successful in achieving a homogeneous enhancement of vascular structures and liver parenchyma. However, because solid organs have greater perfusion than adipose tissue, the lean body weight (fat-free mass) rather than the total body weight is theorised to cause even more homogeneous enhancement. We included 102 consecutive patients who underwent a multiphase abdominal computed tomography between March 2016 and October 2019. Patients received contrast media (300 mgI/mL) according to bodyweight categories. Using regions of interest, we measured the Hounsfield unit (HU) increase in liver attenuation from unenhanced to contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Furthermore, subjective image quality was graded using a four-point Likert scale. An artificial intelligence algorithm automatically segmented and determined the body compositions and calculated the percentages of lean body weight. The hepatic enhancements were adjusted for iodine dose and iodine dose per total body weight, as well as percentage lean body weight. The associations between enhancement and total body weight, body mass index, and lean body weight were analysed using linear regression. Patients had a median age of 68 years (IQR: 58–74), a total body weight of 81 kg (IQR: 73–90), a body mass index of 26 kg/m2 (SD: ±4.2), and a lean body weight percentage of 50% (IQR: 36–55). Mean liver enhancements in the portal venous phase were 61 ± 12 HU (≤70 kg), 53 ± 10 HU (70–90 kg), and 53 ± 7 HU (≥90 kg). The majority (93%) of scans were rated as good or excellent. Regression analysis showed significant correlations between liver enhancement corrected for injected total iodine and total body weight (r = 0.53; p < 0.001) and between liver enhancement corrected for lean body weight and the percentage of lean body weight (r = 0.73; p < 0.001). Most benefits from personalising iodine injection using %LBW additive to total body weight would be achieved in patients under 90 kg. Liver enhancement is more strongly associated with the percentage of lean body weight than with the total body weight or body mass index. The observed variation in liver enhancement might be reduced by a personalised injection based on the artificial-intelligence-determined percentage of lean body weight.

scholarly journals Fecundity and Ovarian Characteristics of Puntius gonionotus (Bloch/Bleeker) (Cyprinidae: Cypriniformes)

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 88-102
Author(s):  
Abdus Salam Bhuiyan ◽  
Khairul Islam ◽  
Tanjeena Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Length Group ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Food Fish ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
The Relationship

The exotic barb Puntius gonionotus was introduced into Bangladesh in 1987. Its faster growth rate, nice taste and compatibility with our culturable species have made it very popular food fish in Bangladesh. With a view to providing some basic information towards development of sustainable seed production of the species, a study was undertaken to determine the fecundity and ovary characteristics of the fish. The mean fecundity of 55 gravid females (of 11 length group) of Puntius gonionotus was obtained as 14321 with a range of 2254.67 to 6964.73 from fishes having a mean total length and mean body weight of 200.13±20.58 mm and 196±34.379 g respectively. The relationship between the fecundity (F) and total length (TL), total body weight (TW), ovary length (OL) and ovary weight (OW) were established. Regression analysis was made and the co-efficient of correlation (r) was calculated for each of the following F-TL, F-TW, F-OL and F-OW and the values of r were obtained to be 0.84, 0.84, 0.95 and 0.96 respectively. In all the cases linear relationships obtained were highly significant. Key words: Fecundity, Puntius gonionotus, ovarian characteristics. J. bio-sci. 14: 99-102, 2006

scholarly journals Kinerja probiotik Bacillus sp. pada pendederan benih ikan lele Clarias sp. yang diinfeksi Aeromonas hydrophila

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
, Sukenda ◽  
Muhammad Mufthi Rafsyanzani ◽  
, Rahman ◽  
Dendi Hidayatullah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Average Body

<p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">This experiment was conducted to assess performance of <em>Bacillus</em> sp. probiotic on catfish juvenile <em>Clarias</em> sp. infected by <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. The probiotic content in the diets were 0% (K+ and K-), 1%, and 2% in duplicates. This experiment used randomized design with four treatments and two replications. Juveniles with average body weight of 3.22±0.15 g/fish were reared in the 1.5×2.8×0.5 m<sup>3</sup> pond with density of 800 fish/pond. Fish were reared for 30 days and fed three times a day at rate 8% of  total body weight. At day 31, catfish were challenged by <em>A. hydrophila</em> 0.1 mL (10<sup>6</sup> cfu/mL). Post infection observation was carried out ten days with density 10 fish/aquaria. The result showed that fish fed diet containing 2% probiotic gave the best probiotic performance with survival rate of catfish 83.33% after challenged, spesific growth rate 5.40%, and 0,75 of feed conversion ratio. The results of the blood profile showed significantly better results in the treatment of probiotics compared to the positive control after challenge test <em>A. hydrophila</em>. Probiotic <em>Bacillus</em> sp. has given as much as 2% on feed provides better performance on catfish juvenile.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: probiotic, <em>Bacillus</em> sp., <em>A. hydrophila</em>, catfish juvenille, growth</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kinerja probiotik <em>Bacillus</em> sp. dalam pakan pada pendederan benih ikan lele <em>Clarias</em> sp. yang diinfeksi bakteri <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan yaitu kandungan probiotik dalam pakan perlakuan yaitu 0% (K+ dan K-), 1%,  dan 2%, masing-masing dengan dua ulangan. Ikan lele yang digunakan memiliki bobot rata-rata 3,22±0,15 g/ekor, dipelihara dalam kolam terpal berukuran 1,5×2,8×0,5 m<sup>3</sup> dengan kepadatan 800 ekor/kolam. Ikan dipelihara selama 30 hari dengan frekuensi pemberian pakan tiga kali sehari sebanyak 8% dari bobot tubuh ikan. Hari ke-31 benih lele diinjeksi bakteri <em>A. hydrophila</em> dosis 0,1 mL/ekor dengan kepadatan bakteri 10<sup>6</sup> cfu/mL. Pemeliharaan setelah diinfeksi dilakukan selama sepuluh hari dengan kepadatan 10 ekor/akuarium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ikan yang diberi probiotik 2% memperlihatkan kinerja probiotik terbaik dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan lele sebesar 83,33% setelah diinfeksi dengan <em>A. hydrophila</em>; laju pertumbuhan harian sebesar 5,40%; dan konversi pakan 0,75. Hasil gambaran darah menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan lebih baik pada perlakuan pemberian probiotik dibandingkan kontrol positif pascauji tantang <em>A. hydrophila</em>. Probiotik <em>Bacillus </em>sp. yang diberikan sebanyak 2% pada pakan memberikan kinerja lebih baik pada pendederan benih ikan lele.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Kata kunci: probiotik, <em>Bacillus</em> sp., <em>A. hydrophila</em>, benih lele, pertumbuhan</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of total body weight and body mass index cut-offs for increased cefazolin dose for surgical prophylaxis

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Hites ◽  
Guillaume Deprez ◽  
Fleur Wolff ◽  
Brigitte Ickx ◽  
Anita Verleije ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Surgical Prophylaxis ◽  
Total Body
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