Reevaluation of Early Cochise Artifact Associations with Pleistocene Lake Cochise, Southeastern Arizona

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne I. Woosley ◽  
Michael R. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Stratigraphic Analysis ◽  
Early Archaic ◽  
Sulphur Spring

Materials belonging to the Sulphur Spring stage of the Cochise culture previously were identified on the prominent 1,274 m shoreline of Pleistocene Lake Cochise in southeastern Arizona. Dated ca. 12,000 to 11,000 years ago, the remains were suggested to represent an early Archaic manifestation deposited in ancient beach gravels, possibly contemporary with Clovis levels at the Lehner and Naco sites. New data based on stratigraphic analysis, correlated radiocarbon dates, together with artifactual remains indicate that the association of Sulphur Spring stage artifacts with the shoreline of Lake Cochise is problematical.

Comments on Radiocarbon Dates from Mexico

1951 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut de Terra
Keyword(s):  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Early Archaic ◽  
Basin Of Mexico ◽  
Monte Alban ◽  
Time Sequences ◽  
Age Estimates

In the Summer of 1949, I was asked to 1 cooperate in securing appropriate samples from important Mexican sites. These, I suggested, should be selected with a view of obtaining new data on three significant problems: early man and associated geologic formations, the Archaic cultures, and the monumental civilizations of Teotihuacan and Monte Alban. This choice was dictated by the prevailing chronologic uncertainties of prehistoric cultures in Mexico and by my previous geologic approaches to time sequences in the Basin of Mexico. Computations from glacial, lake and erosion phenomena had suggested that previous age estimates, notably those presented by Vaillant (1944) and other archaeologists, had been unduly conservative. This was especially evident in the case of the basic pottery levels, known as the early Archaic or early Middle cultures, then assumed to have existed about 2100 to 1600 years ago.

Radiocarbon Dates from an Early Archaic Deposit in Russell Cave, Alabama

1957 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-84
Author(s):  
Carl F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Jackson County ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Early Archaic

During recent excavations in the archaeological deposits in Russell Cave, Jackson County, Alabama (Miller 1956), we reached a depth of 13 feet. From this level we collected a large sample of charcoal found in association with chert projectile points whose shape suggests a placement at the end of paleo-Indian times and the beginning of early Archaic times.

The Sulphur Spring Stage and its Place in New World Prehistory

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Waters
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
Ground Stone ◽  
Plant Processing ◽  
Sulphur Spring

Radiocarbon dates from archaeological sites in Whitewater Draw, Arizona, place the Sulphur Spring stage of the Cochise Culture between 8000 and 10,000 yr B.P., and possibly back to 10,400 yr B.P. Geoarchaeological investigations of Whitewater Draw do not substantiate an earlier claim that Sulphur Spring stage ground stone artifacts are associated with extinct megafauna, nor the hypothesis that Sulphur Spring stage artifacts are specialized plant processing tools of the Clovis Culture.

What Does the Future Hold for First Floridian Studies?

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
James S. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Early Archaic ◽  
The Future ◽  
First Americans

This chapter by Jessi Halligan examines the peopling of North America and, in particular, ancient Florida. Florida’s important role in First Americans studies demonstrates the importance and number of “Paleoindian” archaeological sites. Halligan addresses the issue of separating Paleoindian and Early Archaic materials. This point is key because of the continuity of the earliest cultural sequences in the archaeological record for many of Florida’s sites. What is “Paleoindian” and what succeeds it must be clearly delineated. This chapter also examines impacts of present and future analytical techniques (like Bayesian modeling of radiocarbon dates, Optical stimulated luminescence (OSL), LiDAR, geoarchaeology, and ancient DNA) on Paleoindian research. The Paleoindian period is discussed in the chronological context of “Early,” Middle,” and “Late.”

REVISITING HOGUP CAVE, UTAH: INSIGHTS FROM NEW RADIOCARBON DATES AND STRATIGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik P. Martin ◽  
Joan Brenner Coltrain ◽  
Brian F. Codding
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Depositional Sequence ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Stratigraphic Analysis ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequences

The remarkable finds from the trans-Holocene archaeological record excavated at Hogup Cave, Utah, helped define our understanding of Great Basin prehistory. However, many scholars doubt the integrity of the site's depositional sequence and resulting chronological interpretations. To resolve these concerns, we produce several Bayesian chronological models combining 14 new radiocarbon dates with the results of past dating efforts. We first present an examination of the excavation and previously derived dates, finding that several of the most anomalous dates can be accounted for by details in the excavation's field notes. We then report our new dates and construct an initial Bayesian chronological model to serve as a framework for three increasingly complex models synthesizing old and new dates from the site. The best-supported model divides the site's stratigraphy into four occupational phases: Strata 1 through 7 (9790 to 6490 cal B.P.), Stratum 8 (5840 to 3330 cal B.P.), Strata 9 and 10 (2870 to 2760 cal B.P.), and Strata 11 through 16 (2610 to 360 cal B.P.). This result raises several questions to direct future research and dating efforts at Hogup Cave and serves as a model for reevaluating complex stratigraphic sequences in western North America and beyond.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Temporal Analysis of the East Texas Archaic

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Z. Selden
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
Temporal Position ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Combination Process ◽  
Early Archaic ◽  
Middle Archaic

This article presents preliminary findings of a temporal analysis of the East Texas Archaic based upon the examination of radiocarbon 14C dates from sites that have deposits that date to the period. All assays employed in this effort were collected from research and cultural resource management reports and publications, synthesized, then recalibrated in version 4.1.7 of OxCal using IntCal09. The date combination process is used herein to refine site-specific summed probability distributions, illustrating— for the first time—the temporal position of each dated archaeological site with an assay that falls within the Archaic. Seventy-three radiocarbon dates from 34 sites serve as the foundation for this analysis of the East Texas Archaic period (ca. 8000-500 B.C.) (Table 1). All dates used in this analysis come directly from the East Texas Radiocarbon Database (ETRD). Within the sample, there are 19 sites with a single radiocarbon sample that dates to the Archaic, eight sites with two dated samples, one site with three dated samples, three sites with four dated samples, one site with five dated samples, and one site with 14 dated samples. Of the 73 14C dates from the ETRD used in this analysis, one dates to the Early Archaic period (ca. 8000-5000 B.C.), eight date to the Middle Archaic period (ca. 5000-3000 B.C.), and the remaining 64 date to the Late Archaic period (ca. 3000-500 B.C.) (temporal divisions follow Perttula and Young).

Early Man in Arizona: The Pollen Evidence

1963 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Desert Grassland ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
Pollen Content ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sulphur Spring

AbstractUnder the classic Bryan-Antevs model the climatic history of the Southwest has been divided into (1) pluvial, (2) early postpluvial or Anathermal, (3) mid-postpluvial or Altithermal, (4) late postpluvial or Medithermal. Pollen analysis of radiocarbon-dated pluvial deposits shows that the desert grassland of southern Arizona and the short grassland of the Texas High Plains were invaded by a pine forest or pine savanna during the last pluvial period. Sulphur Spring-age alluvial deposits at Double Adobe, dated as pluvial in age by Sayles and Antevs, do not contain the pine-pollen record associated with pluvial conditions elsewhere; six radiocarbon dates from deep alluvial deposits at Double Adobe range from 7756 to 9350 years B.P. On the basis of pollen content and radiocarbon-age estimates, the beds are of early postpluvial rather than pluvial age, and thus the Sulphur Spring-stage artifacts found there are also early postpluvial in age.Under the Bryan-Antevs model the Altithermal, 7500-4000 B.P., is considered an especially hot, dry period. Sediments associated with three radiocarbon dates within this interval contain slightly more pollen of mesic and hygric indicators than do sediments postdating the Altithermal. Interpreting the results literally, the Altithermal was wetter, not hotter and drier, than at present. The limitations of pollen analysis are not fully understood. But the traditional view of a hot, dry Altithermal in southern Arizona cannot be verified from fossil pollen evidence available to date.

Excavation of a Roman Bathhouse at Bothwellhaugh, 1975—76

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
L J F Keppie
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
Hot Bath

Summary In 1975—76 the extra-mural bathhouse of Bothwellhaugh Roman fort near Motherwell, Lanarkshire, was completely excavated prior to flooding of the site. The bathhouse, which probably overlay a small native settlement, was in use during the Antonine phase of the Roman occupation of Scotland (AD 142—c. 165). The bathhouse consisted of a vestibule, a cold room (Frigidarium) and cold plunge bath, two warm rooms (the First and the Second Tepidarium), a hot room (Caldarium) with adjacent hot bath, and a furnace room (Praefurnium). Three main phases of use were detected. After the building ceased to function as a bathhouse, it was occupied by squatters who adapted parts of the structure to their own needs and left evidence of their presence in a large quantity of animal bone. Radiocarbon dates on this bone indicate activity in the 2nd or 3rd centuries ad.

Investigating Burnt Mounds in Clydesdale during Motorway Construction

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
John A Atkinson ◽  
Camilla Dickson ◽  
Jane Downes ◽  
Paul Robins ◽  
David Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Short Account ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Bronze Age

Summary Two small burnt mounds were excavated as part of the programme to mitigate the impact of motorway construction in the Crawford area. The excavations followed a research strategy designed to address questions of date and function. This paper surveys the various competing theories about burnt mounds and how the archaeological evidence was evaluated against those theories. Both sites produced radiocarbon dates from the Bronze Age and evidence to suggest that they were cooking places. In addition, a short account is presented of two further burnt mounds discovered during the construction of the motorway in Annandale.

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