The Antiquity of Tlingit Settlement on Admiralty Island, Southeast Alaska

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madonna L. Moss ◽  
Jon M. Erlandson ◽  
Robert Stuckenrath
Keyword(s):  
Settlement Pattern ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Fish Weir

A series of 29 radiocarbon dates from 11 sites on Admiralty Island span the last 3,200 calendar years. Although our research corroborates many of the results of de Laguna's (1960) earlier work in the area, we find the Tlingit settlement pattern to be at least 1,600 years old, significantly older than previously believed. Dating of a wooden fish weir demonstrates that mass harvesting of salmon has an antiquity of at least 3,000 years.

Mesolithic and Neolithic Activity and Environmental Impact on the South-east Fen-edge in Cambridgeshire

1989 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. Smith ◽  
Alasdair Whittle ◽  
Edward W. Cloutman ◽  
Lorraine A. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Settlement Pattern ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Sand Ridge ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Short Stay ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Black Band

Investigations into Mesolithic and Neolithic activity and environmental impact on the Cambridgeshire fen-edge are described, consisting of stratigraphic and pollen analytical research at Peacock's Farm, and trial excavations at Peacock's Farm and Letter F Farm. At Peacock's Farm, the bulk of archaeological occupation was found to be of Mesolithic date, around 8000 BP uncalibrated; minimal signs of Earlier Neolithic activity were recovered. At Letter F Farm there was mainly Earlier Neolithic occupation, around 5000 BP, but there had also been Mesolithic activity. Radiocarbon dating at Peacock's Farm shows that the Mesolithic black band within the peats flanking the sand ridge, first described by Clarket al.(1935), covers a surprisingly long period: over 1700 years, mainly between approximately 8500 and 6800 BP. Dates from Mesolithic occupation areas on the sand ridge coincide with the first half of this period. Consideration of the stratigraphic results, radiocarbon dates and two pollen diagrams suggests that a channel was eroded through the Mesolithic black band at an early stage of its formation, probably not long before 7500 BP. In one area infilling of the channel apparently took place in a number of stages; in another it filled progressively with shell muds. A tentative reconstruction of the sedimentary, environmental and archaeological sequence is made. Before the Mesolithic occupation the landscape appears to have been densely forested both on the wetland and the elevated sands. Minor damage to this cover took place around 8500 BP, coinciding with the beginning of the Mesolithic occupation. This was followed, at about 8250 BP, by a substantial opening of the forest cover, when the site may have been more actively used than before, possibly as part of a new settlement pattern. Relatively open local conditions persisted for some 700–1500 years before the forest cover was re-established. Regeneration may have involved alder as a colonist, coinciding with the classical Boreal-Atlantic transition of Godwin. The relative importance of human impact and the occurrence of a period of dry climate are discussed. The balance of evidence, some admittedly circumstantial, points to a pronounced human impact on the local environment in the Mesolithic period. Burning may have been connected with short-stay visits in a settlement pattern spanning both wetland and dry areas; the context for this apparent lowland change might be sought in the insulation of the British Isles in the 9th millennium BP and increased territoriality from that date as reflected in microlith styles. By contrast in the Neolithic period there is very little pollen evidence of local environmental damage at Peacock's Farm. The Neolithic archaeological evidence from Peacock's and Letter F Farms suggests small short-stay visits only, as part of a regionally now more differentiated settlement pattern.

Holocene glacial history of the Lituya District, southeast Alaska

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Mann ◽  
F. C. Ugolini
Keyword(s):  
Buried Soils ◽  
Glacial History ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Organic Deposits ◽  
Glacial Periods ◽  
Regional Comparisons

Radiocarbon dates from the Lituya District of southeast Alaska indicate the occurrence of at least four glacial periods during the past 10 000 years. Further detail is added to the record by a relative-age chronology for moraines based on cross-cutting relationships, as well as soil, vegetation, and boulder weathering characteristics. The most recent deglaciation occurred approximately 350–500 years BP, ending advances begun shortly after 1500 years BP. The relative-age chronology for moraines indicates that at least three episodes of moraine building occurred during this period. Dates on logs in outwash and organic deposits in a moraine pond indicate glacial recession 1500–1900 years BP. This recession was preceded by advances beginning sometime after 3600 years BP and including several periods of moraine construction. Radiocarbon-dated basal organics in moraine ponds, buried soils, and overridden forest beds delimit a mid-Holocene advance ending before 5000 years BP and probably starting around 6000 years BP. Another advance probably occurred between 7400 and 9000 years BP; alternatively, it may have been earlier, but after 11 000 years BP. Regional comparisons are limited by the shortage of, and innate problems with, the glacial records, but do suggest that mid- and early Holocene advances were widespread in the southern Alaska region.

Assertions, Assumptions, and Early Horizon (Oak Grove) Settlement Patterns in Southern California: A Rejoinder

1967 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger C. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Settlement Pattern ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Early Horizon

AbstractC. N. Warren makes six criticisms of a paper by Owen (Owen 1964), each of which can easily be rejected. The six comments, accompanied briefly by the grounds for their rebuttal, are: 1) that “Early horizon” cannot be used to label the period, when in reality “Early horizon” is as appropriate as any other term, and more so than many that are in use; 2) that a negligent comment is directed at a paper by W. J. Wallace, which though unimportant, is temperate and accurate in the estimation of the author; 3) that a reference to a paper by Warren and True is groundless and misleading when it indeed is pertinent and direct; 4) that an analogy used is weak, although the argument does not proceed by analogy; 5) that suggestions regarding the utility of radiocarbon are optimistic when in fact insight in the use of radiocarbon dates can provide information on duration of habitation on any site; 6) that comparisons between the probable settlement pattern of Early horizon California coastal populations and some of the Fuegian Canoe Indians are inappropriate, an opinion which indicates that Warren’s knowledge of the basis of the comparison is faulty. It is suggested that despite Warren’s criticism, the Glen Annie Canyon site report and the associated paper may stand unamended and lead to a better understanding of the settlement patterns of early Southern California coastal populations during the so-called Milling Stone horizon.

New Dates on Late Pleistocene Dacitic Tephra from the Mount Edgecumbe Volcanic Field, Southeastern Alaska

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Begét ◽  
Roman J. Motyka
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Tephra Layer ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates

New radiocarbon dates on charcoal incorporated in proximal airfall deposits indicate the largest late Pleistocene eruption from the Mt. Edgecumbe volcanic field in Southeast Alaska occurred ca. 11,250 ± 50 14C yr B.P. The more precise dating of the principal Edgecumbe tephra layer greatly improves its utility as a tephrochronologic marker horizon in southeastern Alaska.

scholarly journals THE NEKSELØ FISH WEIR AND MARINE RESERVOIR EFFECT IN NEOLITHIZATION PERIOD DENMARK

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Anders Fischer ◽  
Jesper Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Reservoir Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reservoir Age ◽  
Fish Weir ◽  
Late Mesolithic

ABSTRACT The Nekselø Wickerwork provides an unusually solid estimate on the marine reservoir age in the Holocene. The basis for this result is a 5200-year-old fish weir, built of hazel wood with a brief biological age of its own. Oysters settled on this construction. They had lived only for a short number of years when the fence capsized and was covered in mud and the mollusks suffocated. Based on the difference in radiocarbon (14C) age between accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) samples of oyster shells and wood, respectively, the marine reservoir age for this site is estimated to 273 ± 18 14C years. Re-evaluations of previously produced data from geological and archaeological sites of Holocene date in the Danish archipelago indicate marine reservoir ages in the same order as that of the Wickerwork. Consequently, we recommend the use of the new value, rather than the ca. 400 14C years hitherto favored, when correcting for the dietary induced reservoir effect in radiocarbon dates of humans and animals from the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic periods of this region.

scholarly journals BRIDGING THE GAP EBIII-IBA: EARLY INTERMEDIATE BRONZE RADIOCARBON DATES FROM KHIRBAT EL-’ALYA NORTHEAST, ISRAEL

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ron Lev ◽  
Omer Shalev ◽  
Johanna Regev ◽  
Yitzhak Paz ◽  
Elisabetta Boaretto
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Settlement Pattern ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Related Research ◽  
The Mediterranean

ABSTRACT Recent radiocarbon (14C) research demonstrates that the urban culture of Early-Bronze III in the southern Levant ends around 2500 BC, and not around 2300 BC as was widely assumed. This should extend the Intermediate Bronze Age by 200 years. Charred olive pits from Intermediate Bronze Age contexts in the site of Khirbat el-‘Alya Northeast in the Judean Shephelah region (Israel) were 14C dated, resulting in calibrated dates around 2500 BC. The date range of Khirbat el-‘Alya Northeast samples is an indication that in the Mediterranean parts of the southern Levant, the Intermediate Bronze Age material culture appeared around the time of the decline of the preceding culture of Early-Bronze III—around 2500 BC or somewhat earlier. Possible Intermediate Bronze settlement pattern and the site’s relation to the nearby Early-Bronze city of Tel Yarmuth are discussed based on previous Intermediate Bronze and Early-Bronze related research in the surrounding area.

Excavation of a Roman Bathhouse at Bothwellhaugh, 1975—76

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
L J F Keppie
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
Hot Bath

Summary In 1975—76 the extra-mural bathhouse of Bothwellhaugh Roman fort near Motherwell, Lanarkshire, was completely excavated prior to flooding of the site. The bathhouse, which probably overlay a small native settlement, was in use during the Antonine phase of the Roman occupation of Scotland (AD 142—c. 165). The bathhouse consisted of a vestibule, a cold room (Frigidarium) and cold plunge bath, two warm rooms (the First and the Second Tepidarium), a hot room (Caldarium) with adjacent hot bath, and a furnace room (Praefurnium). Three main phases of use were detected. After the building ceased to function as a bathhouse, it was occupied by squatters who adapted parts of the structure to their own needs and left evidence of their presence in a large quantity of animal bone. Radiocarbon dates on this bone indicate activity in the 2nd or 3rd centuries ad.

Investigating Burnt Mounds in Clydesdale during Motorway Construction

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
John A Atkinson ◽  
Camilla Dickson ◽  
Jane Downes ◽  
Paul Robins ◽  
David Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Short Account ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Bronze Age

Summary Two small burnt mounds were excavated as part of the programme to mitigate the impact of motorway construction in the Crawford area. The excavations followed a research strategy designed to address questions of date and function. This paper surveys the various competing theories about burnt mounds and how the archaeological evidence was evaluated against those theories. Both sites produced radiocarbon dates from the Bronze Age and evidence to suggest that they were cooking places. In addition, a short account is presented of two further burnt mounds discovered during the construction of the motorway in Annandale.

Redistributing the Population: GIS Adds Value to Historical Demography

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette Lee
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Settlement Pattern ◽  
Historical Demography ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Choropleth Mapping ◽  
County Antrim ◽  
Gis Software

A model for more accurately representing the distribution of population is currently under development using some of the functionality of the Arc/Info GIS software. Included are factors for settlement pattern, topography and the presence of water bodies. The model is tested on County Antrim in Northern Ireland and the value of traditional choropleth mapping assessed in comparison with the output from the model.

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