The Pillage of Prehistory

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payson D. Sheets
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Power Equipment ◽  
Recent Information ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Private Investors

AbstractThe pillaging of archaeological sites throughout the world for salable items is increasing at an alarming rate. Recent information on looting in Mesoamerica, North America, and the Mediterranean area is summarized, and the weaknesses of the UNESCO and U.S.-Mexico treaties are outlined. Also described is a new and extremely destructive form of looting in Mesoamerica. It involves amassing many thousands of dollars from private investors for a project to decimate a chosen site, using explosives and power equipment, and then subdividing the loot among the sponsors. It is time for the SAA to act to stop the wanton destruction of the prehistoric record.

Lythrum netofa (Lythraceae) a new species from a temporary flooded plain of Israel

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 437 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
ANTOINE GAZAIX ◽  
SHMUEL MAZAR ◽  
SHIR VERED
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Temporary Pools ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
A New Species

Species of the genus Lythrum Linnaeus (1753: 446) (Lythraceae) occur in temporary pools and wetlands (Morris, 2007) with about 35 species around the world (Graham, 2007). In the Mediterranean area, there are more than 10 species that mostly occur in temporary pools (Castroviejo Bolibar et al., 1997; Tison et al. 2014). Most of the species are also present in East and Central Asia (Webb, 1968). However, some species are limited to Europe, mostly Western Europe, e.g. L. flexuosum Lagasca (1816: 16) and L. baeticum González-Albo (1936: 141) (Castroviejo Bolibar et al., 1997), some are limited to West Asia, e.g. L. silenoides Boissier & Noë (in Boissier 1856: 55) (Ghazanfar, 2016), while Lythrum salicaria Linnaeus (1753: 446), the loosestrife, is widely distributed in Asia, Europe, Africa, Oceania and introduced in North America.

Geoarchaeological evidence of multiple climatic and anthropic triggers driving the breakdown of the Terramare civilization (Bronze Age, Northern Italy)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Zerboni ◽  
Anna Maria Mercuri ◽  
Assunta Florenzano ◽  
Eleonora Clò ◽  
Giovanni Zanchetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Po River ◽  
Commercial Exchange ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Dramatic Shift

<p><span>The Terramare civilization included hundreds of </span><span>banked and moated villages, located in the alluvial plain of the Po River of northern Italy, and developed between the Middle and the Recent Bronze Ages (XVI-XII cent. BC). This civilization lasted for over 500 years, collapsing at around 1150 years BC, in a period marked by a great societal disruptionin the Mediterranean area. The timing and modalities of the collapse of the Terramare Bronze Age culture are widely debated, and a combined geoarchaeological and palaeoclimatic investigation – the SUCCESSO-TERRA Project –is shading new light on this enigma. The Terramare economy was based upon cereal farming, herding, and metallurgy; settlements were also sustained by a well-developed system for the management of water and abundant wood resources. They also established a wide network of commercial exchange between continental Europe and the Mediterranean region.The SUCCESSO-TERRA Project investigated two main Bronze Age sites in Northern Italy:(i) the Terramara Santa Rosa di Poviglio, and (ii) the San Michele di Valestra site, which is a coeval settlement outside the Terramare territory, but in the adjoining Apennine range. Human occupation at San Michele di Valestra persisted after the Terramare crisis and the site was settled with continuity throughout the whole Bronze Ages, up to the Iron Age. The combined geoarchaeological, palaeoclimatic, and archaeobotanical investigation on different archaeological sites and on independent archives for climatic proxies (offsite cores and speleothems) highlights the existence of both climatic and anthropic critical factors triggering a dramatic shift of the landuse of the Terramare civilization. The overexploitation of natural resources became excessive in the late period of the Terramare trajectory, when also a climatic change occurred. A fresh speleothem record for the same region suggests the occurrence of a short-lived period of climatic instability followed by a marked peak of aridity. The<span> </span>unfavourable concomitance between human overgrazing and climatic-triggered environmental pressure, amplified the on-going societal crisis, likely leading to the breakdown of the Terramare civilization in the turn of a generation.</span></p>

scholarly journals Training Systems and Sustainable Orchard Management for European Pear (Pyrus communis L.) in the Mediterranean Area: A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1765
Author(s):  
Stefano Musacchi ◽  
Ignasi Iglesias ◽  
Davide Neri
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Training System ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Planting Distance

In 2018, 23.2 Mt of pears were produced in the world across 1.3 million hectares (ha) of cultivated land. This review analyzes different training systems and management styles that have been adopted worldwide, emphasizing the European pear’s economic and environmental sustainability for the Mediterranean area of cultivation. Despite a reduced number of cultivars utilized around the world, pear presents a plethora of innovative training systems. In Europe, dwarfing rootstocks have led to reduced planting distances and a subsequent increase in planting density. Still, the economic sustainability of these systems is now questionable. Many of the quince rootstocks have made it possible to considerably reduce the size of the tree and introduce the concept of continuous row planting, with the management of orchards from the ground (i.e., pedestrian orchard). The planting distance must be chosen according to the soil fertility, the vigor of the grafting combination, and the training system. The planting distance dramatically affects the pruning and the management of soil, fertilization, and irrigation. The reduction of tree size also lowers the volume of spray necessary when applying pesticides. The variability in yield worldwide results from the interaction amongst cultivar/rootstock/training system/climate/management.

scholarly journals Aphid colony duration does not limit the abundance of Harmonia axyridis in the mediterranean area

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Kindlmann ◽  
Zuzana Štípková ◽  
Anthony F. G. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
North America ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Release Location

AbstractThere is a lot of information on the factors limiting the distributions of species in their native areas, but much less on those limiting potential changes in distributions of species that are currently spreading outside their present range, especially invasive species. However, this information is often quite essential, as it enables the prediction of future spatial distributions and local abundances of invasive species and the potential effect they may have on people and crops. Arising from glasshouse escapes in North America and the Netherlands, the invasive ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), originally from the east Palearctic, has now spread across the whole of North America and most of Europe, both of which caused serious concern. Recent observations show that the spread of H. axyridis towards the equator is limited. For example, it is quite rare in the Mediterranean area and its northward spread in South America is also quite slow, as if there was something limiting its spread towards the equator. European literature indicates it is neither climate, nor the distance of the Mediterranean from the original release location in the Netherlands. Therefore, we hypothesized that it may be biotic factors. In particular, the duration of colonies of prey (colony is the set of individuals in one patch, usually on one plant) that becomes shorter as one approaches the equator. This may lower the fitness of the predator and subsequently lead to low population densities. We test here, whether the duration of aphid colonies is shorter in the Mediterranean area than in Central Europe. Unfortunately, our data does not support this hypothesis. Therefore, the question of what limits the distribution of H. axyridis towards the equator remains to be resolved.

“Our Dreams Are Not Different from Yours”

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 654-660
Author(s):  
Marta Bellingreri
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
International Audience ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
And Migration ◽  
European Youth

Migration and revolution in the Mediterranean area are inextricably connected. In this paper, I bring the stories of young Tunisian and Syrian revolutionaries of the 2008 and 2011 uprisings who were later forced into displacement and migration and who—both in their countries of origin and at European borders—demand freedom from their regimes’ oppression and freedom of movement. As European youth can mostly move freely in the world, Arab youth share the dream of doing the same. Both local tyrannies and their international allies, as well as unjust socioeconomic and migration policies, prevent these young people from living in dignity, from choosing where they live, and from being actors of change. The letters they share and the movement they found address an international audience and it to listen to their demands.

New records of the non-native amphipod Ampithoe valida in Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Faasse
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
New Records ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The World ◽  
Ampithoe Valida ◽  
The Mediterranean

The amphipod,Ampithoe valida, presumably native to the Atlantic coast of North America, has been recorded from several other parts of the world. Hitherto, the only published records from Europe originate from Portugal. Evidence is presented that this species has been introduced to northern Europe and the Mediterranean Sea as well.

Connecting to the World's Collections: Making the Case for the Conservation and Preservation of Our Cultural Heritage

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-654
Author(s):  
Joyce Hill Stoner
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
South America ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Decorative Arts ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Library Services ◽  
The World ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Sixty cultural heritage leaders from 32 countries, including representatives from Africa, Asia, the Middle East, South America, Australia, Europe, and North America, gathered in October 2009 in Salzburg, Austria, to develop a series of practical recommendations to ensure optimal collections conservation worldwide. Convened at Schloss Leopoldskron, the gathering was conducted in partnership by the Salzburg Global Seminar (SGS) and the Institute for Museum and Library Services (IMLS). The participants were conservation specialists from libraries and museums, as well as leaders of major conservation centers and cultural heritage programs from around the world. As cochair Vinod Daniel noted, no previous meeting of conservation professionals has been “as diverse as this, with people from as many parts of the world, as cross-disciplinary as this.” The group addressed central issues in the care and preservation of the world's cultural heritage, including moveable objects (library materials, books, archives, paintings, sculpture, decorative arts, photographic collections, art on paper, and archaeological and ethnographic objects) and immoveable heritage (buildings and archaeological sites).

Lectotypification of the Linnaean name Linum campanulatum (Linaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 236 (3) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Bartolucci ◽  
DUILIO IAMONICO ◽  
ROBERT P. WAGENSOMMER
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean

The genus Linum Linnaeus (1753: 277) consists of about 200 species distributed in temperate and tropical regions of the world. The Mediterranean area can be considered one of the centers of diversity of this genus (Greuter et al. 1989, Yilmaz et al. 2003, Yilmaz & Kaynak 2008, 2010, Tugay et al. 2010, Peruzzi 2011, Ruiz-Martin et al. 2015).

Forest management and the Pine Processionary Moth

1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Buxton
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Pine Processionary Moth ◽  
Processionary Moth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Suitable Habitats

Pine forests of the Mediterranean area are subject to very serious depredations by the caterpillar of the Pine Processionary Moth. Although there are suitable habitats in other parts of the world, the moth has so far remained within this region because of its poor power of dispersal. Traditional methods of containing it are unsatisfactory and better results are to be expected from measures designed to stabilise the population at an acceptable level rather than to eradicate it entirely.

Silene ohwii (Caryophyllaceae), a replaced name for Melandrium nubigenum

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 432 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-300
Author(s):  
TIAN-CHUAN HSU ◽  
CHUN-KUEI LIAO ◽  
SHIH-WEN CHUNG ◽  
WEI-JIE HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean

Silene Linnaeus (1753: 416) (Caryophyllaceae Juss.) is one of the largest genera of flowering plants in the world, consisting of about 700 species (Melzheimer 1988, Morton 2005) the majority of which are distributed in the Mediterranean area (Greuter 1995). The genus is critical from both taxonomic and nomenclatural points of views (see e.g., Petri et al. 2011, Rautenberg et al. 2011, Naciri et al. 2017, Đurović et al. 2018, Iamonico 2018).

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