The Nearest-Neighbor Statistic: Archaeological Application and New Developments

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pinder ◽  
Izumi Shimada ◽  
David Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Analysis Technique

Human behavior has spatial corollaries of great importance to both geographers and archaeologists. Some of these corollaries can be expressed as point maps, and to describe them objectively it has become common-place to employ the nearest-neighbor analysis technique devised by ecologists. But recently it has been shown that "underestimation" is an inherent flaw of the technique. Initially, therefore, the attention of this paper focuses on elimination of this problem by modifying the traditional formulae. With the flaw corrected, the issues surrounding interpretation of the nearest-neighbor statistic are discussed, and a review is made of the special difficulties of applying the technique to archaeological data.

Heuristic Approaches to Spatial Analysis in Archaeology

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith W. Kintigh ◽  
Albert J. Ammerman
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Heuristic Methods ◽  
Problem Context ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Analysis ◽  
Heuristic Approaches ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Derived Rules

This article discusses an approach to spatial analysis which is more closely tailored to archaeological objectives and archaeological data than are more "traditional" quantitative techniques such as nearest neighbor analysis. Heuristic methods, methods which make use of the problem context and which are guided in part by intuitively derived "rules," are discussed in general and with reference to the problem of spatial analysis in archaeology. A preliminary implementation of such a method is described and applied to artificial settlement data and artifact distributions from the Magdalenian camp of Pincevent. Finally, the prospects for further development of heuristic methods are elaborated.

scholarly journals SEBARAN GUA ARKEOLOGIS DI KECAMATAN PALIYAN KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS TETANGGA TERDEKAT (NEAREST NEIGHBOURHOOD ANALYSIS)

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-134
Author(s):  
Harry Octavianus Sofian
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Statistic Analysis ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Analysis ◽  
Neighbourhood Analysis ◽  
Dutch Colonial

Gunung Sewu karst area has attracted the attention archaeologists since the Dutch colonial era to the present. One of the karst area is located Paliyan District, Gunungkidul Regency. Based on research conducted by Harry Octavianus Sofian in year 2007, there were at least 11 caves and rockshelter as a potential residential dwelling. This paper will discuss and look for patterns of spatial distribution of caves and archaeological potential rockshelter as an ancient settlement in the District Paliyan using Nearest Neighbor Analysis (Analisis Tetangga Terdekat) manually and use Neighborhood Statistic analysis contained in the Arc View software.

Spatial Analysis of Occupation Floors II: The Application of Nearest Neighbor Analysis

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Whallon
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Analysis ◽  
Grid Unit ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
The Moment

AbstractThe statistical method of nearest neighbor analysis is presented for the study of distributional patterns of artifacts over occupation floors. It is compared with the previously presented method of dimensional analysis of variance. Nearest neighbor analysis is found to be much more sensitive in its detection of non-random spatial clustering. It has the advantage of not being particularly limited in application by problems of size or shape of the area under study, although it does require coordinates for each artifact and cannot be applied when only counts per grid unit are known. On the other hand, nearest neighbor analysis encounters considerable problems in defining the artifact clusters on an area and in comparing the distributions of several artifact types. These problems severely limit the utility of nearest neighbor analysis at the moment. Dimensional analysis of variance handles them better.

Proflavine and fidelity of DNA polymerase

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McCarter ◽  
N. Kadohama ◽  
C. Tsiapalis
Keyword(s):  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Calf Thymus Dna ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Calf Thymus

With native calf thymus DNA3 as primer and DNA polymerase of E. coli, proflavine (0 × −1 × 10−4 M) inhibited the incorporation of dATP, dCTP, dGTP, and TTP about equally. Using dAT as primer there was inhibition of the rate of synthesis of polynucleotide by proflavine and no more incorporation from dGTP and dCTP than in the absence of the acridine. Nearest-neighbor analysis of the polynucleotide synthesized by DNA polymerase from dATP and TTP showed that sequences of TpT and ApA were formed in the presence of proflavine. Changed sequences were observed whether the reaction was primed with dAT or was unprimed, and the extent of change depended on the concentration of proflavine. The homopolymer dA:dT was identified as one of the products formed.

scholarly journals The nucleotide sequences recognized by endonucleases AvaI and AvaII from Anabaena variabilis

1980 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
S G Hughes ◽  
K Murray
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Bacteriophage Lambda ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Anabaena Variabilis ◽  
Cleavage Sites ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Analysis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Lambda Dna

Determination of the 5'-terminal sequences flanking all the individual cleavage sites for endonuclease AvaI in bacteriophage-lambda DNA has shown that this enzyme recognizes the hexanucleotide sequences: (Formula: see text), This sequence is cut as shown by the arrows to give single-stranded 5'-tetranucleotide protrusions (cohesive ends). Endonucleases SmaI, XhoI and XmaI recognize different symmetrical subsets of this sequence and provide independent evidence for the occurrence of these subsets at particular endonuclease-AvaI cleavage sites in the bacteriophage-lambda genome. Further evidence for this structure came from the demonstration that DNA fragments generated by endonuclease AvaI can be ligated to form a discrete set of larger molecules and from nearest-neighbor analysis which showed that cytosine residues occurred at the 3'-side of cleavage points. The observation that endonuclease AvaII recognized a subset of the sites recognized by AsuI [Hughes, Bruce & Murray (1979) Biochem. J. 185, 59-63[led to the deduction that AvaII recognize the pentanucleotide sequence: (Formula: see text), and breaks internucleotide bonds at the positions indicated by the arrows.

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