The Use of Water and Water Pumps in Archaeological Excavations

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-220
Author(s):  
Richard G. Sense
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Water Pumps ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Dependable Source

AbstractIf an archaeological site is situated near a dependable source of water, a water pump with attached hoses can be utilized to deliver water to screen excavated fill. Screening with water results in the recovery of more and a greater variety of artifacts and non-artifactual materials, and saves time and money. Gasoline-engine powered centrifugal pumps are recommended for most projects.

scholarly journals Melite Civitas Romana in 3D: Virtualization Project of the Archaeological Park and Museum of the Domus Romana of Rabat, Malta

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-83
Author(s):  
Davide Tanasi ◽  
Stephan Hassam ◽  
Kaitlyn Kingsland ◽  
Paolo Trapani ◽  
Matthew King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Structured Light ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Virtual Museum ◽  
Current State ◽  
Structured Light Scanning ◽  
The University ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Abstract The archaeological site of the Domus Romana in Rabat, Malta was excavated almost 100 years ago yielding artefacts from the various phases of the site. The Melite Civitas Romana project was designed to investigate the domus, which may have been the home of a Roman Senator, and its many phases of use. Pending planned archaeological excavations designed to investigate the various phases of the site, a team from the Institute for Digital Exploration from the University of South Florida carried out a digitization campaign in the summer of 2019 using terrestrial laser scanning and aerial digital photogrammetry to document the current state of the site to provide a baseline of documentation and plan the coming excavations. In parallel, structured light scanning and photogrammetry were used to digitize 128 artefacts in the museum of the Domus Romana to aid in off-site research and create a virtual museum platform for global dissemination.

scholarly journals J.T.A.H. Special Publication #3 Appendix to Cover Art, The Journal of Texas Archeology and History Volume 4 (2017/2018): A Visual Guide to the Archaic Points Found at the Gault Site (41BL323) with Clovis Points for Comparison; including Projectile Point Fact Sheets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Williams
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Projectile Point ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Cover Art ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Archaeological excavations at the Gault Archaeological Site (41BL323) have revealed an almost complete stratigraphic record of the prehistoric occupation of Central Texas (Collins 2002, 2004). Furthermore, ages obtained from Area 15 of the site confirms good stratigraphic agreement between the diagnostic artifacts, cultural horizons, and stratigraphic units (Rodrigues, et al. 2016; Williams, et al. 2018). This includes some of the earliest evidence for a projectile point technology in North America (Williams, et al. 2018). Like many areas in Central Texas, the combination of water, raw materials, and its position along the Balcones Escarpment provided abundant resources essential to survival. The Gault Archaeological Site has a long history. The site takes its name from a previous landowner, Henry Gault, and the first scientific excavations were conducted there in 1929 under the supervision of J. E. Pearce. In 1990, David Olmstead reported a unique find; an Alibates Clovis point sandwiched between two limestone plaques with engraved geometric designs. This led to a site visit by Dr. Tom Hester and Dr. Michael Collins. This finding was followed in 1997 by the discovery of an extremely fragile mandible of a juvenile mammoth by the Lindsey family. These discoveries prompted the recent archaeological excavations at the site, which began in 1999 and lasted until 2002. As many archaeologists will attest, the most interesting findings came at the very end of the 2002 field season, when archaeologist Sam Gardner exposed cultural material stratigraphically below Clovis in a small test unit. This led to negotiations between Michael Collins and the Lindsey family that resulted in the purchase of the property by Dr. Collins and its donation to the Archaeological Conservancy. Between 2007-2014, Area 15 was excavated to expose the cultural materials below. With the cessation of excavations in 2014, research focuses on reporting these findings and how this early archaeological assemblage in Central Texas is redefining the search for the earliest human occupants of the Americas. The front cover of this issue of the Journal of Texas Archeology and History highlights two specific chronological periods in Texas. Firstly, in each corner you will find interactive 3D scans of four Clovis points that have been recovered from the site (Seldon et al. 2018). In between these, you will find and array of Archaic projectile points that have been recovered from the various excavations conducted between 1999-2002 and 2007-2014. This includes Early Archaic points such as the Hoxie and Martindale; Middle Archaic points including, Kinney and Nolan; and Late Archaic points including Pedernales, Marshall, and Bulverde. Clovis artifacts including, projectile points, blade cores, and diagnostic debitage have been recovered from a total of 9 excavation areas. We will expand on these covers in the future to cover specific research projects currently being undertaken by the Gault School of Archaeological Research staff. The Gault School of Archaeological Research is a non-profit, 501(C)3 charitable organization dedicated to innovative, interdisciplinary research archaeology and education focusing on the earliest peoples in the western hemisphere and their cultural antecedents. The reader is encouraged to “click” around on the various cover images comprising the front and back cover border artwork to find and explore the additional rich content hidden there. Click here to open or download an informative “Appendix to the Cover Art containing this article, descriptive attribute data and a larger image of all projectile points shown on the front and back covers.

Seal Lubrication of an Automotive Water Pump

Tribology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Antonini ◽  
Rodolfo Faglia ◽  
Carlo Remino ◽  
Marco Pedersoli
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Dynamic Instability ◽  
Mechanical Seal ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Grave Problem ◽  
Water Pumps

A noisy mechanical seal is a grave problem, especially in water pumps designed for the automotive industry. The noisiness is often caused by dynamic instability (stick-slip behavior), which occurs when the seal lubrication changes from hydrodynamic to mixed. Starting from this hypothesis, the paper shows a theoretical model that describes the interaction between the seal disks. Therefore this model correlates the acoustic emission to the working conditions of the water pump.

Mechanical Seal Efficiency Considerations for Pumps in Utilities: Economics of Seals vs. Packing, and Savings With Best Available Seal Flush Arrangements

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Smith ◽  
Alan Roddis ◽  
Heinz P. Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Mechanical Seal ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Water Pumps

Applicable industrial standards for centrifugal pumps endorse several different sealing options as “best practice.” However, the overall acceptance of best practice techniques seems slow and is linked to the fact that sealing devices account for only a small fraction of the energy consumed by pumps. Yet, regardless of perception, significant energy conservation has been achieved by thoughtful sealing practices, as this paper will show. It will highlight case studies that provide guidance on issues of increasing technical and societal concerns relating to fluid emissions. Special attention will be directed to barrier fluid circulation devices used in dual mechanical seal arrangements as described by API-682 (Ref.1), a Standard widely used in the oil refining and petrochemical industries. The applicability of these ciculation devices to the Power Industry will be explained. Comparisons of three of the most widely used conventional integral flow induction/pumping ring devices will be made and the results of extensive testing presented. The paper and presentation also quantifies the value of advanced sealing technologies for pumps and highlights configurational differences between the newer and the more traditional (older) devices. Without exception, international utilities and power producers know that both energy and maintenance expenditures are affected by availability and reliability considerations relating to power generators and their turbine drivers. But feed water pumps and cooling water issues play their part as well. Consequently, a measure of attention has been given to “other big ticket items”, such as cooling tower losses and the like. However, there is compelling evidence that additional, less prominent or less obvious opportunities exist and that these can no longer be overlooked. Pump sealing falls into that category, although sealing devices and seal cooling account for only a small fraction of the energy consumed by pumps. In can be readily shown that significant energy savings have been achieved by thoughtful sealing practices. The general narrative and the implications conveyed by our case studies give visibility to the issues and provide guidance to the user.

scholarly journals PENGUJIAN KINERJA PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA UNTUK MENGGERAKKAN POMPA AIR

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Muhammad Anwar ◽  
Zulwisli Zulwisli
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Current Maximum ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
Water Pumps

Solar Power Plants (PLTS) is a promising alternative in the provision of electrical energy. In this study built PLTS to drive the load of water pump. The performance of water pumps is tested under various weather conditions. Performed measurements of some important quantities such as voltage, current and timing of the use of the PLTS to drive the water pump. Maximum yield with a one-hour charge occurs in sunny weather conditions at 11-12 WIB. A one-hour charge can move a 75 watts water pump for two hours. Solar panels are also directed towards the sun position resulting in a 40% increase in power at 12-13 pm. Keywords : PLTS, Output Voltage, Output Current, Maximum Power.

scholarly journals IoT-Based Intelligent Irrigation System for Paddy Crop Using an Internet-Controlled Water Pump

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Brij Bhushan Sharma ◽  
Nagesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Ph Sensor ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Intelligent Irrigation ◽  
Paddy Crop ◽  
Water Pumps

IoT is a communal association of things or equipment that can interact with each other with the help of an internet connection. IoT services play an imperative responsibility in the industry of agriculture, which can feed 10 billion people worldwide by 2050. Irrigation systems are a backbone of agriculture that help to reduce wastage of water and decide the effective usage of water according to the specific crop and thereby increase the crop yield. In this paper, an irrigation system is developed to supervise the paddy crop field using sensors (soil moisture sensor, pH sensor, and flow sensor), and this irrigation system works based on the concept of IoT, so it is known as intelligent irrigation system (IIS). The soil condition data from sensors are sent to a web server database using wireless transmission to decide how much water needed. In the proposed server database, the data is saved, and the authors use the concept of a dashboard; it operates via http protocol to control water pump of farmland. The condition of soil is monitored based on the parameter of soil-like moisture and water flow amount using the IoT, which is capable to turn on/off water pumps. The used dashboard is developed using open source free server, namely “000webhost.” This paper has considered the paddy crop that is rice because water is essential for growth and development of rice plants. The experimental results show this system is more proficient than the existing conventional and unadventurous irrigation approach.

scholarly journals Analisis Kualitas Daya Listrik Pada Penggunaan Modul Surya Sederhana Untuk Pompa Air Rumah Tangga

Kilat ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Syarif Hidayat Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Power Factor ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Voltage Distortion ◽  
Harmonic Voltage ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
Water Pumps ◽  
Incandescent Lamps ◽  
Quality Deviation

The use of solar modules to meet the needs of everyday life is something interesting to use. Harmonics is a phenomenon of power quality deviation that can distort voltage and current waveforms. In this experiment, a simple inverter with 1000 W capability will be used, then will be loaded with water pumps and other household appliances. The method used is to measure the power factor and harmonics generated by using a measuring device. In this process needs to be assessed and will be seen using the ability of the inverter and the quality of the electric power generated in this solar power generation system. Based on the results of measurements and calculations on a water pump with  a power of 680 W and 1 incandescent lamp with a power of 60 Watts, the value of the power factor generated is 0.95 while the total harmonic voltage distortion (THDv) value is when the water pump load is THDv 1.9 % and at THDv incandescent lamps 1.6%.

scholarly journals FOR A CONSCIUOS FRUITION OF THE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF ANCIENT NOTO (SICILY). EFIAN PROJECT AS OPPORTUNITY FOR VALORISATION

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-5/W1 ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Barone ◽  
G. Nuccio
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Project Development ◽  
Digital Reconstruction ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Working Method ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Point Of Reference

The archaeological site of Ancient Noto is all that remains of one of the most interesting and important cities in the Est part of Sicily. Architecture and political life made Noto a point of reference for the island, expecially in XVI and XVII century, before it was destroyed by a devastating earthquake in 1963. A general project of safeguard, together with archaeological excavations, could hand a great amount of information, archaeological finds, pieces of architecture, that are useful to understand the site, known as a "Sicilian Pompei". Our intervention has the aim to describe the importance of EFIAN (Experimental Fruition Ingenious Ancient Noto). The project is carried out as a collaboration between Palermo University, Catania University, SIQUILLIYA s.r.l. and Service & Advice s.r.l.. The project answers to the need of improving the valorisation of the site, according to the principles of Italian Code for Cultural Heritage and Landscape. EFIAN's purpose is that of improving public's sensibilisation, to open lines of research and restauration of monuments. The working method is based on the strong relationship established between History, Architectonic Relief, Restauration, and Study of ancient technics of construction linked to the territory. The research is supported by new generation technologies. Datas are used to build digital reconstructions of ruins in the shape of virtual anastylosis and digital reconstruction of whole buildings. Four different sites have been studied during the project development.

Development of ABWR Feedwater Pump and Controller Model

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Wen Huang ◽  
Chunkuan Shih ◽  
Hung-Chih Hung ◽  
Shu-Chuan Chen ◽  
Li-Hsin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Steam Line ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Software Safety ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Feedwater Pump ◽  
Water Pumps

This work developed a stand-alone ABWR (Advanced Boiled Water Reactor) feedwater pump and controller model which was incorporated with a simplified reactor vessel and steam line model. The purpose of this work is to improve the existing model in PCTran-ABWR, a nuclear power plant (NPP) simulation code. INER has been using this computer code as an NPP simulation model for Software Safety Analysis (SSA) and software Fault Injection (FI) of digital instrumentation and control (I&C) research for years. The feedwater pump model includes three turbine-driven feed water pumps and one motor-driven feed water pump. The feedwater controller includes a one-element / three-element water level controller and a specific feedwater speed controller for each feedwater pump. The feed water turbines are driven by the steam from main steam line. As a result, the reactor dome pressure can affect the driving force of the three turbine-driven feed water pumps. It means if the dome pressure becomes low enough, the turbine-driven feed water pumps cannot function normally. The reactor dome pressure transient also affects the pressure difference of feedwater pump discharge pressure and the reactor dome pressure, which can actually affect the feedwater flow rate and reactor water level. The time-lag of feedwater control valve is also considered in this model. Hence, the slower response of turbine-driven feed water pump than that of motor-driven feed water pump can be observed. A number of test cases namely step change of dome pressure, load rejection, and four tests of feedwater pumps transfer were performed in this work to demonstrate the feasibility of dynamic response of this model. Therefore, this model will be implemented into the existing PCTran-ABWR plant simulation code to improve the response of feedwater pump and controller model. This stand-alone model can also be a feedwater control strategy tool to observe the possible responses of various feedwater control architectures.

scholarly journals Memorials to John Snow – Pioneer in anaesthesia and epidemiology

2021 ◽  
pp. 096777202110138
Author(s):  
Neil G Snowise
Keyword(s):  
Water Pump ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Home Town ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Queen Victoria ◽  
Public House ◽  
John Snow ◽  
Water Pumps ◽  
Satisfactory Analgesia

John Snow was an English physician and a founding father of epidemiology, whose name is inextricably linked with tracing the source of the 1854 cholera outbreak in Soho, which killed over 600 people. Despite his recommendation to remove the water pump handle and thus reduce the spread of cholera, his theory of faecal–oral transmission was not widely believed until after his death. Furthermore, he also pioneered substantial achievements in the development of anaesthesia. He studied both chloroform and ether, improving the accuracy of their delivery. In his obstetric practice, he achieved the feat of obtaining satisfactory analgesia with a safer technique and is remembered for administering chloroform to Queen Victoria, during the delivery of her last two children. There are several interesting and unusual memorials to Snow, ranging from replica water pumps, blue plaques and a public house named after him. The most recent new memorial was erected in 2017, in his home town of York, which commemorates his origins and his subsequent contribution to curbing the cholera outbreak. All the memorials commemorate his achievements, which remain relevant today. Public health and epidemiology expertise is required in the current world of the COVID-19 pandemic, where his legacy remains as important as ever.

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