The Status of Archaeological Research Design in Cultural Resource Management

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert C. Goodyear ◽  
L. Mark Raab ◽  
Timothy C. Klinger
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Contract Archaeology ◽  
Contract Research ◽  
Research Orientation ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Made In

The recent research activity of contract archaeology is reviewed from the perspective of research design and its essential features. Some of the difficulties currently encountered in contract research are attributed to vague notions of research design, lack of general models and methods in the science of archaeology, and ineffective research organizations. It is argued that American contract research offers an unprecedented opportunity to test theories of human behavior, provided the profession can make the necessary organizational shifts in research orientation and structure. Some examples of various applied research designs are examined to indicate the kinds of successful adaptations being made in the contract sphere, as well as outright scientific contributions to the discipline. We conclude that contract archaeology has already provided at least three benefits to the profession (1) by forcing researchers to cope theoretically and methodologically with heretofore unexplored and unexplained archaeological remains, (2) by promoting a scientific merging of historical and prehistoric archaeology, and (3) by stimulating archaeologists to probe the resource base in new and explicit ways for all possible dimensions of significance.

scholarly journals Science as a private matter. To the question of the commercialization of research and development

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-69
Author(s):  
Victor A. Kupriyanov ◽  
Svetlana A. Dushina
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Contract Research ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
Understanding Of Science ◽  
Private Matter ◽  
New Institutions

Basing on the investigations of the organization of modern science, the authors discuss the problem of commercialization of research and development. The aim of the article is to explicate the peculiarities of the commercial science. The authors show that contrary to the wide spread conception, commercial and applied science are not identical. Basing on the activity approach, the authors develop the idea that modern trends in commercialization of the research and development involve new conception of science as a private good, which is contrary to the dominating understanding of science as an activity directed to common good. The authors point out at the change in academic values forming under the influence of the principles peculiar to business. The first part of the article analyses the work of the contract research organizations and professional publication agencies and explicate the change of the structure of research activity within commercial science. The authors point out that the private interests directed at market efficiency of corporations is hidden behind the ideology of the new institutions (contract research organizations and publication agencies). The article notes that the borrowing of the given models of the organization of science in academic reforms in developing countries should be approached with care, taking into consideration the fact of their contrariness and imperfection.

Against Permanent Sovereignty

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Status ◽  
Made In

The status quo within international politics is that individual nation-states enjoy extensive and for the most part exclusive rights over the resources falling within their borders. Egalitarians have often assumed that such a situation cannot be defended, but perhaps some sophisticated defences of state or national rights over natural resources which have been made in recent years prove otherwise. This chapter critically assesses these various arguments, and shows that they are not sufficient to justify the institution of ‘permanent sovereignty’ over resources. Even insofar as those arguments have some weight, they are compatible with a significant dispersal of resource rights away from individual nation-states, both downwards towards local communities, and upwards towards transnational and global agencies.

Descriptive Research Design

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Miksza ◽  
Kenneth Elpus
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scientific Endeavor ◽  
Design Options ◽  
Survey Designs

This chapter presents two of the most prominent approaches to the design of descriptive research in music education. Simply creating depictions of music teaching and learning experiences that are organized and illustrative of the variation that can exist in any given setting is a worthwhile scientific endeavor in and of itself. Descriptive research is most typically an exploration of what is, what exists, and/or the status of any given topic of interest. The first section deals with basic steps in observational research designs, and the second section outlines critical features of survey designs. These fundamental research design options are excellent entry points for emerging scholars and when employed imaginatively can yield many benefits for the profession.

GDNF Therapy: Can We Make It Work?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Anders Björklund
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Status ◽  
Interesting Discussion ◽  
Postmortem Studies ◽  
Made In

In two recent postmortem studies, Jeffrey Kordower and colleagues report new findings that open up for an interesting discussion on the status of GDNF/NRTN signaling in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), adding an interesting perspective on the, admittedly very limited, signs of restorative effects previously seen in GDNF/NRTN-treated patients. Their new findings show that the level of the GDNF signaling receptor Ret is overall reduced by about 65% relative to non-PD controls, and most severely, up to 80%, in nigral neurons containing α-synuclein inclusions, accompanied by impaired signaling downstream of the Ret receptor. Notably, however, the vast majority of the remaining nigral neurons retained a low level of Ret expression, and hence a threshold level of signaling. Further observations made in two patients who had received AAV-NRTN gene therapy 8–10 years earlier suggest the intriguing possibility that NRTN is able to restore Ret expression and upregulate its own signaling pathway. This “wind-up” mechanism, which is likely to depend on an interaction with dopaminergic transcription factor Nurr1, has therapeutic potential and should encourage renewed efforts to turn GDNF/NRTN therapy into success, once the recurring problem of under-dosing is resolved.

Marketing and delivering information literacy on the web, yesterday and today, from 2009 to 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Q. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Status ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
The Web ◽  
Made In

Purpose – This study aims to ascertain the trends and changes of how academic libraries market and deliver information literacy (IL) on the web. Design/methodology/approach – The author compares the findings from two separate studies that scanned the Web sites for IL-related activities in 2009 and 2012, respectively. Findings – Academic libraries intensified their efforts to promote and deliver IL on the web between 2009 and 2012. There was a significant increase in IL-related activities on the web in the three-year period. Practical implications – The findings describe the status quo and changes in IL-related activities on the libraries’ Web sites. This information may help librarians to know what they have been doing and if there is space for improvement. Originality/value – This is the only study that spans three years in measuring the progress librarians made in marketing and delivering IL on the Web.

THE STATUS OF TWO-NEUTRINO AND NEUTRINOLESS DOUBLE BETA DECAY SEARCHES

1993 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 507-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. MOE
Keyword(s):  
Beta Decay ◽  
Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay ◽  
Double Beta Decay ◽  
Experimental Activity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Direct Counting ◽  
Made In

Substantial progress has been made in double beta decay experiments in the past few years, including the beginning of sensitive new searches for neutrinoless double beta decay, and several additional positive detections of the two-neutrino mode by geochemical, radiochemical, and direct-counting techniques. This review discusses the recent experimental activity.

Qualitative longitudinal research: researching fatherhood and fathers’ experiences

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Miller
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Transition To Motherhood ◽  
Transition To Fatherhood ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In

This chapter focuses on a qualitative longitudinal (QL) research project, Transition to Fatherhood, and later episodes of fathering and fatherhood experiences. It begins by exploring the research design of this study and considers the inherent gendered and other assumptions made in it, which mirrors an earlier research project on Transition to Motherhood. Following an examination of some of the methodological issues that arose during this qualitative longitudinal study, the chapter turns to reflect on the important question of what adding time into a qualitative study can do. It considers what happens when narratives collected in later interviews are incorporated into earlier analysis and findings as lives and fatherhood experiences change, as well as the benefits of researching individuals over time.

A Perspective on Improving Evidence and Practice in Cluttering

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Scaler Scott ◽  
Kenneth O. St. Louis
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
The State ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Made In

Abstract In the past, the rationale for cluttering to be ignored, not to be taken seriously, and not to be diagnosed could be attributed to several factors stemming from problems in definition and research design. This article reviews these factors and outlines advances being made in the state of evidence on cluttering. Recommendations for ensuring that cluttering research, diagnosis, and treatment remain based in evidence are discussed.

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