Osteological Identification of Sandhill Crane versus Turkey

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Hargrave ◽  
S. D. Emslie
Keyword(s):  
Meleagris Gallopavo ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Grus Americana ◽  
Whooping Crane ◽  
Grus Canadensis ◽  
Sandhill Crane ◽  
Bone Fragments ◽  
The Common ◽  
Identification Techniques

Bones of two cranes, the sandhill crane [Grus canadensis] and the whooping crane [Grus americana], can occur in archaeological sites in North America. Fragments of these bones are frequently and easily confused with similar bone fragments of the common turkey [Meleagris gallopavo]. To preclude these errors, identification techniques are provided for major elements of the sandhill crane and turkey.

Time within reproductive season, but not age or inbreeding coefficient, affects seminal and sperm quality in the whooping crane (Grus americana)

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Brown ◽  
S. J. Converse ◽  
J. N. Chandler ◽  
A. L. Crosier ◽  
W. Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Grus Americana ◽  
Whooping Crane ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Grus Canadensis ◽  
Sandhill Crane

All living whooping cranes (Grus americana) are descended from 16 or fewer birds that remained alive in the early 1940s, a bottleneck that puts the species at potential risk for inbreeding depression. Although AI is commonly used in the management of the captive population of this species, little is known about seminal traits or factors affecting sperm quality in the whooping crane. In the present study, semen samples were collected from 29 adult males (age 3–27 years) during the early (March), mid (April) and late (May) breeding season over 2 consecutive years. The effects of donor age, time within reproductive season and level of inbreeding on seminal characteristics were analysed using regression and information–theoretic model selection. Only time within reproductive season significantly affected seminal traits, with total numbers of spermatozoa and proportions of pleiomorphisms increasing across the season. We conclude that, even with a highly restricted number of founders, there is no discernible influence of inbreeding (at the levels described) on sperm output or quality. Furthermore, although there is variance in seminal quality, the whooping crane produces significant numbers of motile spermatozoa throughout the breeding season, similar to values reported for the greater sandhill crane (Grus canadensis tabida).

Host–Parasite Behavioral Interactions in a Recently Introduced, Whooping Crane Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. King ◽  
Patrick C. McKann ◽  
Brian R. Gray ◽  
Michael S. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Whooping Crane ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Grus Canadensis ◽  
Sandhill Crane ◽  
Conservation History ◽  
Whooping Cranes ◽  
Sandhill Cranes

Abstract The whooping crane Grus americana has a long conservation history, but despite multiple attempts across North America, introduction success is lacking. Recently introduced, captively reared whooping cranes have had periods of poor reproductive performance in central Wisconsin that sometimes coincided with black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) emergences. Sandhill crane Grus canadensis reproductive performance in central Wisconsin is approximately double that of whooping cranes. We used comfort behaviors as a measure of black fly harassment to infer whether behavioral differences existed between nesting sandhill cranes and nesting whooping cranes and between successful and unsuccessful whooping crane pairs. To further explore the interaction between black flies and incubating whooping cranes, we examined differences in behaviors between incubating birds and their off-nest mates. Compared to their off-nest mates, incubating whooping cranes exhibited elevated comfort behaviors, suggesting a bird at a nest may experience greater harassment from black flies. Sandhill cranes had elevated head-flicks over whooping cranes. Whooping cranes exhibited more head-rubs than sandhill cranes, and successful whooping crane pairs had elevated head-rubs over pairs that deserted their nests. Behavioral differences between sandhill cranes and whooping cranes as well as differences in reproductive performance, could be explained by exposure to local breeding conditions. Whereas sandhill cranes have nested in the area for hundreds, if not thousands, of years, whooping cranes were only recently introduced to the area. Behavioral differences between the species as well as those between successful and unsuccessful whooping crane pairs could also be explained by the effect of captive exposure, which could affect all whooping crane introductions.

scholarly journals Haemosporida prevalence and diversity are similar in endangered wild whooping cranes (Grus americana) and sympatric sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis)

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIRANDA R. BERTRAM ◽  
GABRIEL L. HAMER ◽  
BARRY K. HARTUP ◽  
KAREN F. SNOWDEN ◽  
MATTHEW C. MEDEIROS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Grus Americana ◽  
Surrogate Species ◽  
Grus Canadensis ◽  
Sandhill Crane ◽  
Whooping Cranes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sandhill Cranes ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYThe population growth of endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) is not consistent with species recovery goals, and the impact of parasite infection on whooping crane populations is largely unknown. Disease ecology and epidemiology research of endangered species is often hindered by limited ability to conduct invasive sampling on the target taxa. Accordingly, we hypothesized that sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) would be a useful surrogate species to investigate the health impacts of Haemosporida infection in whooping cranes. Our goal was to compare the prevalence and diversity of Haemosporida infection between whooping cranes and sandhill cranes. We detected an overall infection prevalence of 83·6% (n = 61) in whooping cranes and 59·6% (n = 47) and 63·6 (n = 22) in two sympatric sandhill crane populations captured in Texas. Prevalence was significantly lower in allopatric sandhill cranes captured in New Mexico (12·1%, n = 33). Haemoproteus antigonis was the most abundant haemoparasite in cranes, present in 57·4% of whooping cranes and 39·2% of sandhill cranes; Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon were present at significantly lower levels. The high prevalence of Haemosporida in whooping cranes and sympatric sandhill cranes, with shared parasite lineages between the two species, supports sandhill cranes as a surrogate species for understanding health threats to endangered whooping cranes.

scholarly journals Reproductive manipulation in the Whooping Crane Grus americana

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kuyt
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Grus Americana ◽  
Whooping Crane ◽  
Grus Canadensis ◽  
Winter Range ◽  
Wood Buffalo National Park ◽  
Cross Fostering

SummaryWhooping Cranes Grus americana increased from 16 wild migratory birds in 1941 to about 146 birds in 1991. Management on the breeding range in Wood Buffalo National Park, Northwest Territories-Alberta, and protection of the birds along their migration route and on the winter range in Texas, are partly responsible for the population increase. The present Wood Buffalo National Park-Aransas National Wildlife Refuge flock consists of almost 50% non-breeders, mostly subadults. Further increases in the number of breeding pairs beyond the 1991 record of 33 can therefore be expected. The wild population has been a source of surplus eggs, whose removal has not adversely affected population growth. These eggs have been used to establish captive flocks, and captive-reared stock will be used to establish other populations. Attempts to establish a new migratory flock in Idaho by means of cross-fostering Whooping Crane eggs to Sandhill Cranes Grus canadensis have not been completely successful. Present plans call for the establishment of a non-migratory flock in Florida.

Whooping Crane (Grus americana)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Urbanek ◽  
James C. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Grus Americana ◽  
Whooping Crane

Flow structure segmentation for vortex identification using butterfly convolutional neural networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (14n16) ◽  
pp. 2040121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Xian Ye ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
Bing-Hua Li ◽  
Jian-Feng Zou ◽  
Yao Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Global Information ◽  
Vortex Identification ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Gradient Tensor ◽  
The Common ◽  
Original Size ◽  
Identification Techniques

Vortex identification is important for understanding the physical mechanism of turbulent flow. The common vortex identification techniques based on velocity gradient tensor such as [Formula: see text] criterion will consume a lot of computing resources for processing great quantity of experimental data. To improve the vortex identification efficiency and achieve real-time recognition, we present a novel vortex identification method using segmentation with convolutional neural network (CNN) based on flow field image data, which is named “Butterfly-CNN”. Considering that the view of flow field is small, it is necessary to integrate both the local and global feature maps to achieve higher precision. The architecture consists of an encoded–decoded path, which is similar to [Formula: see text]-net but with different superimposed network part. In the Butterfly-CNN, the cross-expanding paths are designed with the global information to enable precise localization, and the feature maps after each convolution are regarded as the original pictures, then convolute to the size of the last feature map and upsample to the original size again. Finally, the decoded and cross-expanding networks are added up. The Butterfly-CNN can be trained end-to-end from a few images, and it is useful and efficient for vortex identification.

Outliers Detection in Multivariate Time Series by Independent Component Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1962-1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Baragona ◽  
Francesco Battaglia
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Independent Component Analysis ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Multivariate Time Series ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Independent Component ◽  
Level Shifts ◽  
The Common ◽  
Identification Techniques ◽  
Pattern Occurrences

In multivariate time series, outlying data may be often observed that do not fit the common pattern. Occurrences of outliers are unpredictable events that may severely distort the analysis of the multivariate time series. For instance, model building, seasonality assessment, and forecasting may be seriously affected by undetected outliers. The structure dependence of the multivariate time series gives rise to the well-known smearing and masking phenomena that prevent using most outliers' identification techniques. It may be noticed, however, that a convenient way for representing multiple outliers consists of superimposing a deterministic disturbance to a gaussian multivariate time series. Then outliers may be modeled as nongaussian time series components. Independent component analysis is a recently developed tool that is likely to be able to extract possible outlier patterns. In practice, independent component analysis may be used to analyze multivariate observable time series and separate regular and outlying unobservable components. In the factor models framework too, it is shown that independent component analysis is a useful tool for detection of outliers in multivariate time series. Some algorithms that perform independent component analysis are compared. It has been found that all algorithms are effective in detecting various types of outliers, such as patches, level shifts, and isolated outliers, even at the beginning or the end of the stretch of observations. Also, there is no appreciable difference in the ability of different algorithms to display the outlying observations pattern.

scholarly journals The Whooping Crane, Grus americana, Forster. [Pl. 313-314]

1842 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 188-197
Author(s):  
John James Audubon
Keyword(s):  
Grus Americana ◽  
Whooping Crane
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