The Pleistocene Carved Bone from Tequixquiac, Mexico: A Reappraisal

1965 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Aveleyra Arroyo de Anda
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Upper Pleistocene ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractA carved sacrum from a fossil camelid was found near Tequixquiac in 1870 in Upper Pleistocene deposits of the Valley of Mexico. At that time it was described as one of the first discoveries that proved the co-existence of man with extinct fauna in the New World. The specimen was apparently lost at the end of the 19th century and serious doubts have been expressed about its authenticity. This carved bone was rediscovered in 1956, and recent studies of the specimen tend to demonstrate its authenticity and scientific value. A survey of all known examples of similar finds in North America suggests that the Tequixquiac bone is probably the only example of true art that has yet been found in Paleo-Indian levels in the New World.

Viewpoint: Art information in Latin America

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Isabel Ayres
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
North America ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Age Of Discovery ◽  
The 19Th Century

Several museums and libraries in North America and Europe house in their collections expressive works of art from Latin America. An understanding of the source of such collections requires study of their history and of the background from which they come, even if, as a matter of fact, collecting works of art and bibliographical assets on such a theme is not new. The interest in studying artworks which do not belong to the so-called western canon enables a wider knowledge of the art in Latin America. Notwithstanding the reasons behind such interest, it is worth noting that some facts related to their development are still lively, such as the interests roused by the travelling artists in the 19th century, who departed in search of the unknown or exotic and came back to their homeland with an imagination full of images from the New World. It is undeniable that Latin America has had a key role in the major changes that occurred during the age of discovery, when Europe focused on its colonies. Nowadays, as we observe the recurrence of such a foreign look at Latin America, we might ask ourselves how Latin America sees itself.

Conspecificity of Plantago fastigiata of North America with P. ovata of the Old World

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1865-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Bassett ◽  
B. R. Baum
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
North American ◽  
New World ◽  
Old World ◽  
The North ◽  
The 19Th Century

Comparative morphological and palynological studies have been carried out on Plantago fastigiata (P. insularis) of the New World and P. ovata, including some closely allied species of section Leucopsyllium, of the Old World. As a result, P. fastigiata is regarded as conspecific with P. ovata. It is postulated that the North American populations known as P. fastigiata are introductions of P. ovata dating from the late 18th and the beginning of the 19th century by early settlers in California.

Immigrant Arab Women in Chile during the Renaissance (Nahda), 1910s-1920s

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Sarah Limorté
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
New World ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Arab Woman ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

Levantine immigration to Chile started during the last quarter of the 19th century. This immigration, almost exclusively male at the outset, changed at the beginning of the 20th century when women started following their fathers, brothers, and husbands to the New World. Defining the role and status of the Arab woman within her community in Chile has never before been tackled in a detailed study. This article attempts to broach the subject by looking at Arabic newspapers published in Chile between 1912 and the end of the 1920s. A thematic analysis of articles dealing with the question of women or written by women, appearing in publications such as Al-Murshid, Asch-Schabibat, Al-Watan, and Oriente, will be discussed.

IX. Asians Compared: Some Observations regarding Indian and Indonesian Indentured Labourers in Surinam, 1873-1939

Itinerario ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Emmer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Fiji Islands ◽  
African Slaves ◽  
The 19Th Century

The drive towards the abolition of the slave trade at the beginning of the 19th century was not effective until the 1850s. It was perhaps the only migratory intercontinental movement in history which came to a complete stop because of political pressures in spite of the fact that neither the supply nor the demand for African slaves had disappeared.Because of the continuing demand for bonded labour in some of the plantation areas in the New World (notably the Guiana's, Trinidad, Cuba and Brazil) and because of a new demand for bonded labour in the developing sugar and mining industries in Mauritius, Réunion, Queensland (Australia), Natal (South Africa), the Fiji-islands and Hawaii an international search for ‘newslaves’ started.

The ‘Genius of language’

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 367-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Schlaps
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dynamic Form ◽  
Text Types ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Static Concept ◽  
Interior Part

Summary The so-called ‘genius of language’ may be regarded as one of the most influential, and versatile, metalinguistic metaphors used to describe vernacular languages from the 17th century onwards. Over the centuries, philosophers, grammarians, trans­lators and language critics etc. wrote of the ‘genius of language’ in a wide range of text types and with reference to various linguistic positions so that a set of rather diverse types of the concept was created. This paper traces three prominent stages in the development of the ‘genius of language’ argument and, by identifying some of the most frequent types as they evolved in the context of the various linguistic dis­courses, endeavours to show the major transformations of the concept. While early on, discussion of the stylistic and grammatical type of the ‘genius of language’ concentrates on surface features in the languages considered, during the middle of the 18th century, the ‘genius of language’ is relocated to the semantic, interior part of language. With the 19th-century notion of an organological ‘genius of language’, the former static concept is personified and recast in a dynamic form until, taken to its nationalistic extremes, the ‘genius of language’ argument finally ceases to be of any epistemological and scientific value.

The Ferry

Antiquity ◽  
1944 ◽  
Vol 18 (71) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
F. W. Robins
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Sacramento River ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
The 19Th Century

The story of the ferry is, at the outset, the story of the boat. It begins with prehistoric man noticing that wood will float and possibly, from the riding of birds and small animals, that it will carry a burden according to its size and character. Observant and imitative, the human animal, in the childhood of the world, proceeds to experiment gingerly and doubtfully at first, boldly and confidently—perhaps in some cases too boldly and confidently, later. He mounts himself astride a log and propels it, probably at first with his legs, towards the opposite bank of the river near which he lives. On the other side lies a new world, with resources untapped, especially in the matter of food, which he is anxious to reach. Even in the middle of the 19th century Pickering (Races of Man) speaks of men in the tide waters of the Sacramento river crossing, standing on split logs.

Tecumseh and the Shawnee Resistance Movement

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Warren
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early American History ◽  
Early American ◽  
Cultural Ideals ◽  
History Of ◽  
Resistance Movement ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Eastern Half ◽  
Established Order

Described as a “chief among chiefs” by the British, and by his arch-rival, William Henry Harrison, as “one of those uncommon geniuses which spring up occasionally to produce revolutions and overturn the established order of things,” Tecumseh impressed all who knew him. Lauded for his oratory, military and diplomatic skills, and, ultimately, his humanity, Tecumseh presided over the greatest Indian resistance movement that had ever been assembled in the eastern half of North America. His genius lay in his ability to fully articulate religious, racial, and cultural ideals borne out of his people’s existence on fault lines between competing empires and Indian confederacies. Known as “southerners” by their Algonquian relatives, the Shawnees had a history of migrating between worlds. Tecumseh, and his brother, Tenskwatawa, converted this inheritance into a widespread social movement in the first decade and a half of the 19th-century, when more than a thousand warriors, from many different tribes, heeded their call to halt American expansion along the border of what is now Ohio and Indiana. Tecumseh articulated a vision of intertribal, pan-Indian unity based on revitalization and reform, and his ambitions very nearly rewrote early American history.

scholarly journals The Ontario Medical Library Association 1887–1907

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
David S Crawford
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Medical Library ◽  
Library Associations ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Current Medical Literature

In the 19th century it was difficult for the growing number of medical practitioners in North America to access current medical literature. Various ways were suggested to solve this problem; one of them was the creation of physician-run medical library associations. After other failed attempts, Ontario physicians formed the Ontario Medical Library Association (OMLA) in 1887. In 1907 the OMLA became the nucleus of the Academy of Medicine, Toronto.

Biological Invasions: Impacts, Management, and Controversies

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Simberloff
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
African Cattle ◽  
Invasion Impacts ◽  
Distant Location ◽  
Columbian Exchange ◽  
The 19Th Century

A biological invasion occurs when a species introduced deliberately or inadvertently by humans establishes a population far from its native home, maintains itself without human assistance, and spreads beyond the point of introduction (Richardson et al. 2000). Some definitions (e.g., President Clinton’s Executive Order 13112 of 1999) require that the spreading species have a harmful impact, but this is not a part of biologists’ definition. The rare occasions on which a species arrives on its own and spreads in a distant location—such as the African cattle egret reaching the New World—do not qualify as invasions. Although some invasions (e.g., ship rats on Mediterranean islands) occurred thousands of years ago (Ruffino and Vidal 2010), the major surge began with the European discovery and colonization of the New World, which initiated the widespread intercontinental movement of animals, plants, and humans known as the Columbian Exchange. Early explorers and colonists observed European plants in North America by the 17th century, and by the 19th century biogeographers routinely classified species as native, introduced, or of unknown origin (Chew and Hamilton 2010), but few concerned themselves with impacts of introduced species. A remarkable 1958 book for a lay audience by English ecologist Charles Elton, The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants, described many invasion impacts. It is often cited as having founded the modern field of invasion biology (see Elton 2000). In fact, it was ahead of its time and had little effect. Rather, a project in the mid-1980s of the international Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment engaged hundreds of scientists in an attempt to understand why only certain invasions led to impacts and how to minimize these (Simberloff 2010a). These efforts led to the rapid growth of a distinct science, invasion biology, and today thousands of researchers annually publish hundreds of papers on invasions. Invasions are idiosyncratic, and the routes to some impacts are so tortuous that one would never have predicted them.

scholarly journals Climate of migration? How climate triggered migration from southwest Germany to North America during the 19th century

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1573-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Glaser ◽  
Iso Himmelsbach ◽  
Annette Bösmeier
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Southwest Germany

Abstract. This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the extent to which climate and climatic change can have a negative impact on societies by triggering migration, or even contribute to conflict. It summarizes results from the transdisciplinary project Climate of migration (funded 2010–2014), whose innovative title was created by Franz Mauelshagen and Uwe Lübken. The overall goal of this project was to analyze the relation between climatic and socioeconomic parameters and major migration waves from southwest Germany to North America during the 19th century. The article assesses the extent to which climatic conditions triggered these migration waves. The century investigated was in general characterized by the Little Ice Age with three distinct cooling periods, causing major glacier advances in the alpine regions and numerous climatic extremes such as major floods, droughts and severe winter. Societal changes were tremendous, marked by the warfare during the Napoleonic era (until 1815), the abolition of serfdom (1817), the bourgeois revolution (1847/48), economic freedom (1862), the beginning of industrialization accompanied by large-scale rural–urban migration resulting in urban poverty, and finally by the foundation of the German Empire in 1871.The presented study is based on quantitative data and a qualitative, information-based discourse analysis. It considers climatic conditions as well as socioeconomic and political issues, leading to the hypothesis of a chain of effects ranging from unfavorable climatic conditions to a decrease in crop yields to rising cereal prices and finally to emigration. These circumstances were investigated extensively for the peak emigration years identified with each migration wave. Furthermore, the long-term relations between emigration and the prevailing climatic conditions, crop yields and cereal prices were statistically evaluated with a sequence of linear models which were significant with explanatory power between 22 and 38 %.

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