A Formative-Period Painted Pottery Complex at Ancón, Peru

1968 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro Matos Mendieta
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Cultural Complex ◽  
Peruvian Coast ◽  
Limited Frequency ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Painted Pottery ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Grave Goods

AbstractThe well-known archaeological site at Ancon, Peru, represents the timespan from preceramic through the end of the Formative period. Recent investigations have permitted definition of five ceramic phases, of which Ancon C is of particular interest here because it marks the appearance of zoned and unzoned painted decoration. These techniques were added to the preexisting ceramic complex, characterized by limited frequency of decoration by incision. A burial equating with Ancon C contained a variety of grave goods, including a complete olla with zoned red decoration, covered with a basket and containing among other objects a wooden figurine with articulated arms. The estimated date is around 1200 B.C. These associations expand the definition of the cultural complex on the central Peruvian coast in the pre-Chavin period and raise questions about the origin and diffusion of the traits, which have also been reported from Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, and Mesoamerica.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Walker
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Classical Architecture ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Architectural Knowledge

The Introduction uses a major source from the beginning of the period—Sir Christopher Wren’s Letter from Paris of 1665—to introduce the key themes of the book. In particular, the Introduction discusses the recourse to an intellectual-historical method in order to rethink major themes in English architectural culture at the time. It also explains the makeup of architectural knowledge in the period and justifies the book’s focus on aesthetic knowledge rather than practical. Finally, it uses seventeenth-century sources to formulate an appropriate definition of classical architecture (on which this book is exclusively focused). The Introduction concludes with a summary of the ensuing chapters and a proposition that architecture was among the most serious and important of all intellectual pursuits in a formative period in English intellectual history.

scholarly journals Identification of Flame Regimes in Partially Premixed Combustion from a Quasi-DNS Dataset

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Zirwes ◽  
Feichi Zhang ◽  
Peter Habisreuther ◽  
Maximilian Hansinger ◽  
Henning Bockhorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flame ◽  
Detailed Chemistry ◽  
Partially Premixed Combustion ◽  
Processing Step ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Partially Premixed ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Combustion Regimes ◽  
Term Analysis

Abstract Identifying combustion regimes in terms of premixed and non-premixed characteristics is an important task for understanding combustion phenomena and the structure of flames. A quasi-DNS database of the compositionally inhomogeneous partially premixed Sydney/Sandia flame in configuration FJ-5GP-Lr75-57 is used to directly compare different types of flame regime markers from literature. In the simulation of the flame, detailed chemistry and diffusion models are utilized and no turbulence and combustion models are used as the flame front and flow are fully resolved near the nozzle. This allows evaluating the regime markers as a post-processing step without modeling assumptions and directly comparing regime markers based on gradient alignment, drift term analysis and gradient free regime identification. The goal is not to find the correct regime marker, which might be impossible due to the different set of assumptions of every marker and the generally vague definition of the partially premixed regime itself, but to compare their behavior when applied to a resolved turbulent flame with partially premixed characteristics.

Limits on the Press and Civil Society during the Maximato

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-67
Author(s):  
Ben Fallaw
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
The Press ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Party Activists ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Voice

In October 1931, Governor Bartolomé García Correa and Socialist Party activists violently closed Carlos R. Menéndez’s Diario de Yucatán for being reactionary. Defenders of the Diario denounced the governor for illegally silencing the voice of what today we would understand to be civil society. After a seventeen-month struggle in the courts, the national press, and in Mexico City’s bureaucracy, Menéndez prevailed. This article closely examines the conflict, using regional and national archives and abundant contemporary press coverage, paying careful attention to discursive expression of socioethnic inequalities. It reveals significant limits on the regional independent press and the concept of civil society during the formative period in postrevolutionary Mexico known as the Maximato (the 1928–35 era dominated by Plutarco Elías Calles as hyperexecutive or Jefe Máximo). During the Maximato, the postrevolutionary state employed authoritarian measures to centralize power. The Maximato state, however, could not govern without acknowledging both the Constitution of 1917’s classical liberal civil rights, such as freedom of the press and guarantees of associational life, and the revolutionary political legacy of popular action against “reaction.” In the Yucatecan case, the muzzling of the regional independent press was not simply top-down illiberalism. Yucatecan socialists believed it would help create a more egalitarian and inclusive socio-political order to supplant civil society. The Diario’s exclusivist definition of civil society and the national press’s personal attacks on García Correa reflected widespread beliefs that people of indigenous and African descent were incapable of taking part in civic life. While Menéndez eventually prevailed in the courts, it was due more to his economic and cultural capital and prominent Mexico City allies than to legal protections for press freedom or civil-society resistance. The case helps us to understand how the latter two varied so significantly over place and time in postrevolutionary Mexico, and why Tocquevillian notions of civil society require careful qualification when applied to poor, overwhelmingly indigenous regions of Mexico.

Some Recent Periodical Publications

Antiquity ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 28 (110) ◽  
pp. 105-107
Keyword(s):  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Diffusion Of Knowledge ◽  
British School ◽  
Gertrude Bell ◽  
Painted Pottery ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Late Survival ◽  
Regular Practice ◽  
Made In ◽  
Do So

We receive a constant stream of publications of archaeological societies, issued by national and provincial bodies in various countries, with requests to notice them in ANTIQUITY. Much as we should like to do so, it is not possible as a regular practice for all sorts of reasons, chiefly lack of space. Itre also receive many requests to exchange them for ANTIQUITY, and these too we are obliged to refuse; this is an obvious mutual convenience for societies which have libraries, but ANTIQUITY is not a society and we cannot pay the printer’s bill with anything but money. Nevertheless we try occasionally to make up by an omnibus notice, and this is one them. We can only hope that in this way some small assistance may be given to those whose ultimate objectives are, like ours, the advancement and diffusion of knowledge.IRAQ, Vol. XV, part I, Spring 1953, is the organ of the British School of Archaeology in Iraq (founded in memory of Gertrude Bell) and issued from 20 Wilton St., London. The first work is devoted to Professor Mallowan’s usual prompt and workmanlike account of his excavations, this time at Nimrud (Kalhou) in 1952. One of the ivories had a cruciform symbol which looks remarkably like a late survival of the (Cretan) ‘horns of consecration’ and double-axe. R. W. Hamilton publishes some fine Umayyad carved plaster of the 8th century from Khirbat a1 Mafjar in the Jordan valley, and deals generally with the origins, history and extent of this art, in which several different traditions converged to create a new and easily recognizable style. M. V. Seton Williams describes painted pottery made in parts of Turkey and North Syria between c. 1900 and c. 1550 B.C., some of which has Persian cognates. R. Maxwell-Hyslop writes about bronze lugged axe- or adze-blades, also called Trunnion Celts, for which an Anatolian origin early in the 2nd millennium is suggested. Later the type may have spread westwards and northwestwards through Mycenaean trade.

A Classical Athenian Grave (No 48, 470–50 BC) and Its Content from the Area between the So-Called ‘Ēriai’ Gate and the Dipylon

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-309
Author(s):  
Antonia Kokkoliou
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Grave Goods

Abstract During a rescue excavation a section of a cemetery dated between the Geometric and Hellenistic periods came to light, approximately 300 metres away from the archaeological site of the Kerameikos, along the ancient road that linked the route of the Dēmosion Sēma with the road that passed through the so-called ‘Ēriai’ Gate, and near the Sanctuary of Artemis Aristē and Callistē. Of the 91 graves that were unearthed, two are of particular interest. This paper offers an in-depth discussion of Grave 48, dated to 470-50 BC, which belongs to a boy aged between ten and thirteen years. The grave contains lekythoi, a strigil, a lyre and an aulos, deposited as grave goods next to his left arm. The grave goods that characterize the life of the dead are buried along with the body and symbolize their unlived future: hence they express the unbounded grief which the death of unmarried young men inevitably causes. The paper attempts to analyse the grave goods as symbols of the life of the deceased, and interpret the presence of the lyre in children’s graves.

Formative Period Occupations in the Highlands of Northern Ecuador: Rejoinder to Athens

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-500
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Formative Period ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Unpublished Manuscript ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Stratigraphic Position ◽  
Painted Pottery

Athens’ attack is based upon the fact that I did not cite an unpublished manuscript in my possession. In fact, the paper has little bearing upon the temporal argument. The radiocarbon dates which it contains should not be applied to the material in question. However, the paper does contain information which supports my hypothesis of contacts between the Coast and the Highlands. Such contacts help to account for the ceramic similarities between the two regions. New dates from the La Chimba site are internally inconsistent so that they cannot be used to support either point of view. However, the stratigraphic position of Espejo Phase ceramics beneath resist painted pottery is consistent with a Formative Period dating for the Espejo Phase.

Cultural Presence in Virtual Archaeology: An Exploratory Analysis of Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laia Pujol-Tost
Keyword(s):  
Social Presence ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Virtual Archaeology ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
General Statistical ◽  
Definition Of

Shared between Human-Computer Interaction and Cultural Heritage, the concept of Cultural Presence may provide an encompassing theoretical and methodological framework for Virtual Archaeology. The factors underlying presence have been extensively investigated, by means of both particular analyses as well as general statistical approaches. Yet, Cultural Presence has mostly been defined theoretically, and there are no global empirical examinations of it. The goal of this study is to verify the validity of the concept and to understand its underlying factors in the field of Virtual Archaeology. To that end we established an operational definition of Cultural Presence, we built a virtual reconstruction of an archaeological site based on it, and we evaluated the environment by means of self-reports and exploratory factor analysis. The general conclusion is that the concept of Cultural Presence is sound and composed of three main factors (cultural representation and engagement, social presence, and communicational aspects of technology); yet, it is not universal, but influenced by purpose and demographic variables.

scholarly journals BIOAVAILABLE STRONTIUM ISOTOPE BASELINE FOR THE NOVOTEMIRSKIY BRONZE AGE MINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 176-187
Author(s):  
Д. В. Киселева ◽  
П. С. Анкушева ◽  
М. Н. Анкушев ◽  
Т. Г. Окунева ◽  
Е. С. Шагалов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Strontium Isotope ◽  
Heterogeneous Samples ◽  
Bivalve Shell ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Local Range

Для оценки мобильности и идентификации происхождения древних популяций требуется проводить сравнение их изотопных отношений 87Sr/86Sr с локальной базовой (фоновой) линией биодоступного стронция, характерной для каждого конкретного местонахождения или потенциального района происхождения индивида или артефакта. В данной работе на примере древнего рудника Новотемирский (Южный Урал) эпохи бронзы проведена оценка такой базовой линии. Изотопные отношения 87Sr/86Sr определены в поверхностной и подземной воде, коренной породе (серпентинит), глине из стенки шахты, кости светлого хоря, а также в траве и раковине двустворки с берега озера. Наименьшим разбросом изотопных отношений стронция друг относительно друга обладают поверхностная и подземная вода, раковина и трава, что позволяет использовать их для определения объединенной базовой линии биодоступного стронция. Мульти-прокси (поверхностная и подземная вода, травы и раковина двустворки) локальная базовая линия биодоступного стронция для района древнего рудника Новотемирский (Южный Урал) может быть представлена в виде диапазона 0,7096 ± 0,0003 (2σ, n = 5). To assess the mobility and provenance of ancient populations, it is necessary to compare their 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios with the local bioavailable strontium baseline (background), characteristic of each specific location or potential provenance region of an individual or artifact. Its definition requires a comprehensive approach to the analysis of heterogeneous samples («proxies») characterizing the ecosystem of the archaeological site under study, the identification of the most suitable proxies, as well as the unification and standardization of the sampling and analytic protocols. A pilot study is presented devoted the definition of the local range of bioavailable strontium by the example of the Novotemirskiy Bronze Age mine (Southern Urals). 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios were determined in surface and underground water, bedrock (serpentinite), clay from the mine wall, and steppe polecat's bone, as well as in grass and a bivalve shell from the lake. The lowest range of strontium isotope ratios relative to each other is characteristic of surface and groundwater, shell and grass, which allows them to be used to determine the combined baseline of bioavailable strontium. Multi-proxy (surface and underground water, grass and a bivalve shell) local bioavailable strontium baseline for the Novotemirskiy ancient mine (Southern Urals) is 0,7096 ± 0,0003 (2σ, n = 5).

Multielemental and Chemical Characterization of Eneolithic Petresti Painted Pottery from the Alba Iulia-Lumea Noua Archaeological Site, Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (15) ◽  
pp. 2348-2364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Bintintan ◽  
Mihai Gligor ◽  
Cristiana Radulescu ◽  
Ioana Daniela Dulama ◽  
Radu Lucian Olteanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Painted Pottery
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