Archaeological Context and Systemic Context

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Schiffer
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Archaeological Theory ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Cultural Aspect ◽  
Material Element ◽  
Refuse Disposal ◽  
Behavioral Information

AbstractThe cultural aspect of the processes responsible for forming the archaeological record is argued to be an underdeveloped branch of archaeological theory. A flow model is presented by which to view the "life history" or processes of systemic context of any material element. This model accounts for the production of a substantial portion of the archaeological record. The basic processes of this model are: procurement, manufacture, use, maintenance, and discard. Refuse labels the state of an element in archaeological context. The spatial implications of the model suggest a largely untapped source of behavioral information. Differential refuse disposal patterns are examined as they affect artifact location and association. The meaning of element relative frequencies in refuse is discussed.

To the Travelers’ Service or True Stories about Foreigners in the Russian Province (After the PatrioticWar of 1812 until the End of the 1830s)

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-174
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Тikhonova
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Psychological Factor ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Life Circumstances

In the article the author mentions some modern publications on this issue in the era of Alexander I and Nicholas I in connection with the description of the travelling theme in the context of everyday life history. As an example of the Russian Province, the article considers Smolensk Governorate which was located at the crossroads of routes from Europe to the center of Russia through Baltic, Belarusian and Ukrainian Provinces. On the basis of the materials of the State Archive of the Smolensk region (GASO) from the funds of the Chancellery of Smolensk Governor, the Smolensk Oblast Duma, metric books of Roman Catholic Church in Smolensk and published memoirs (Eugene Hess’ diary and E. Montulé’s notes) the author of the article reconstructs foreign hotel owners’ biographies (S.I. Chapa, D.K. Nolchini, V.I. Gaber), masters of carriage business (D.I. Graf, K.B. Weber), a city coachman, the owner of a coffee house (H. Podrut). All these people were united by their origin (they came from European countries) and their involvement (due to their professional activities) in servicing travelers who found themselves in the Russian Province. Life circumstances and development of their own business forced them to settle far away from their homeland; most of them became citizens of the empire, having connected themselves with Russia forever. In the article it is underlined that foreigners’ involvement in «tourist business» of the considered epoch testifies not only to the benefit of their business activity, but also to the importance of the psychological factor – the very possibility of meeting with compatriots and representatives of other European countries.

scholarly journals Codling-moth Investigations of the State Entomologist's Office

1922 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-10) ◽  
pp. 219-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Seasonal History

To secure accurate data in regard to the life history and the seasonal history of the codling-moth in Illinois, and the relation of climatic conditions to the rate of development and the time of appearance of the various stages of the insect, an investigation was begun in the spring of 1915 under the direction of Doctor S. A. Forbes, then State Entomologist.

scholarly journals DAILY PRACTICES AND PROCESSES OF TERRITORIALIZATION OF SETTLERS IN QUERÊNCIA DO NORTE, PARANÁ, BRAZIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
ELINE G. O. ZIOLI ◽  
FÁBIO S. RODRIGUES ◽  
EVANDRO L. GAFFURI ◽  
ELISA Y. ICHIKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Work Study ◽  
General Design ◽  
Work Routine ◽  
The Right ◽  
Analysis Of Narratives

ABSTRACT Purpose: To understand the processes of territorialization in the daily life and work routine of settlers in Querência do Norte, Paraná, Brazil. Originality/value: This work contributes to the context of discussions on territory and territorialization processes (Haesbaert, 2011; Raffestin, 1993, 2008; Saquet, 2008) in the daily life (De Certeau, 2014) of workers marginalized by society in general. Design/methodology/approach: We developed this qualitative article from data collected through eight life history interviews with settlers, pre-settlers, and residents of Querência do Norte, in the State of Paraná (PR). After transcribing the interviews, they went through an analysis of narratives. Findings: We identify that, through the practices of work, study and claims, the settlers territorialize the space, and there they create their own rules and norms of coexistence. In their struggles for land, it is clear that their place of belonging is the field, justifying the insistence on the struggle for the right to land to cultivate. The sense of belonging of the workers is represented by the struggle that unites them and places them as part of a larger movement. Placing men at the center of the construction of territoriality is accomplished through the daily struggle and work of the settlers and pre-settlers in Querência do Norte (PR).

Theory, Sampling, and Analytical Techniques in the Archaeological Study of Prehistoric Ceramics

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Neff
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Technical Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Archaeological Theory ◽  
Analytical Procedures ◽  
Methodological Advance ◽  
Prehistoric Ceramics

How archaeologists analyze pottery is determined by archaeological theory, sampling considerations, and available analytical techniques. The most damaging impediment to methodological advance is lack of a theory of how patterns of ceramic variation are generated. It is argued herein that Darwinian evolutionary theory (or selectionism) provides a body of concepts capable of explaining patterned variation and specifies measurements to make in testing specific explanatory statements. Most existing analytical procedures (e.g., the "Type-Variety" system) are regarded as aspects of sampling, the role of which is to help reduce some of the bewildering heterogeneity in ceramic collections before attempting to measure evolutionarily significant variation. Technical analysis, often considered the domain of nonarchaeological specialists, actually produces the measurements needed to test explanatory statements made about pottery observed in the archaeological record.

scholarly journals Neglected, Protected, Ejected: Latin American Women Caught by Crimmigration

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Dingeman ◽  
Yekaterina Arzhayev ◽  
Cristy Ayala ◽  
Erika Bermudez ◽  
Lauren Padama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Life History ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Central American ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
American Women

The United States deported 24,870 women in 2013, mostly to Latin America. We examine life history interviews with Mexican and Central American women who were apprehended, detained, and experienced different outcomes. We find that norms of the “crimmigration era” override humanitarian concerns, such that the state treats migrants as criminals first and as persons with claims for relief second. Removal and relief decisions appear less dependent on eligibility than geography, access to legal aid, and public support. Women’s experiences parallel men’s but are often worsened by their gendered statuses. Far from passively accepting the violence of crimmigration, women resist through discourse and activism.

The Structure of Archaeological Theory

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Schiffer
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Archaeological Theory ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Theory Reconstruction

Contradictory programmatic statements have increased uncertainty about the nature and roles of theory in archaeology. However, a framework can be constructed that ties together diverse kinds of theory that archaeologists use-and often create. Three overarching realms of theory can be recognized, each consisting of one or more functionally defined domains: social theory, reconstruction theory (the domains are material-culture dynamics and cultural and noncultural formation processes of the archaeological record), and methodological theory (the domains are recovery, analysis, and inference). Within each domain are high-level, mid-level, and low-level theories. Previous investigators often have overlooked the richness and complexity of archaeological theory, sometimes generalizing from a very narrow perspective.

Theory, Sampling, and Analytical Techniques in the Archaeological Study of Prehistoric Ceramics

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Neff
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Technical Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Archaeological Theory ◽  
Analytical Procedures ◽  
Methodological Advance ◽  
Prehistoric Ceramics

How archaeologists analyze pottery is determined by archaeological theory, sampling considerations, and available analytical techniques. The most damaging impediment to methodological advance is lack of a theory of how patterns of ceramic variation are generated. It is argued herein that Darwinian evolutionary theory (or selectionism) provides a body of concepts capable of explaining patterned variation and specifies measurements to make in testing specific explanatory statements. Most existing analytical procedures (e.g., the "Type-Variety" system) are regarded as aspects of sampling, the role of which is to help reduce some of the bewildering heterogeneity in ceramic collections before attempting to measure evolutionarily significant variation. Technical analysis, often considered the domain of nonarchaeological specialists, actually produces the measurements needed to test explanatory statements made about pottery observed in the archaeological record.

scholarly journals RECORD OF A POPULATION AND DESCRIPTION OF SOME ASPECTS OF THE LIFE HISTORY OF Notocitellus adocetus IN THE NORTH OF THE STATE OF GUERRERO, MEXICO

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Daniel Flores-Alta ◽  
Francisco A. Rivera-Ortíz ◽  
Ana M. Contreras-González
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
The State ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Aggregation tendencies of a female Vaejovis carolinianus population on France mountain, Tennessee

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob A. Baggett ◽  
Hannah E. Ritter ◽  
Margaret E. Melendez
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Past Research ◽  
The State ◽  
T Test ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Middle Tennessee

ABSTRACTFrance Mountain is located within Overton County which is part of the Upper Cumberland region of Middle Tennessee contains only one species of scorpion, also the only species native to the state, Vaejovis carolinianus. This species is poorly researched, and little is known about its life history and ecology. The objectives of this study were to determine if female V. carolinianus prefer to form aggregations under large cover objects or seek out retreat sites where they would be the sole occupant. Based on past research, we hypothesized that females would form aggregations under large cover objects instead of being the sole occupant. A total of 32 scorpions were captured during August and September 2014. During laboratory trials, three scorpions were placed in a plywood tray containing sand substrate and three equally-sized large ceramic tiles. The scorpions were left undisturbed for a 24-hour period, after which the tiles were lifted to check for aggregations. Each group of three scorpions was in the research tray for three consecutive days. Four rounds of aggregation trials were conducted, and t-tests as well as linear regression were used to analyze the data collected. The results of the t-test showed that female V. carolinianus, when given a choice of similarly-sized large cover objects, would select a retreat site where they were the sole occupant; therefore, our initial hypothesis was rejected. Linear regression found relative humidity affected aggregation occurrence, for the largest number of aggregations occurred when the relative humidity was between 67 and 73%.

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