Some Hypotheses on the Development of Early Civilizations

1956 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
General Problem ◽  
General Statement ◽  
Old World ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Growing Network

Gross parallels in patterns of development of early civilizations have long invited closer inspection. Attempts to formulate these processes of growth into a single general statement of cause and effect have been out of fashion in anthropology for many years now, but interest has remained high in the general problem of comparison. Leaving aside studies concerned particularly with progressive changes in styles or technologies, the greatest promise seems to attach currently to studies focused on the growing network of formal, supra-kin institutions which characterized each of the early civilizations for which archaeological or historic documentation exists.The approach taken here has much in common with that of V. Gordon Childe (1942, 1952), and certainly leans heavily on the rich store of archaeological insight he has made available for the Old World.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship as An Agent for Social-Ethical Reform: An Islamic Perspective

ICR Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-63
Author(s):  
Amana Raquib ◽  
Imran Khan
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Consumer Culture ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Islamic Business Ethics ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Way

This paper argues that the various contemporary crises are both the cause and effect of contemporary consumer culture, which tends to create artificial needs by marketing unneeded products and services as elements of identity and self-image. Thus, Muslim intellectuals and entrepreneurs need to join hands towards a holistic appraisal and design of an Islamic business ethics. However, the way Muslim entrepreneurs learn and teach business currently, does not encourage a sense of responsibility towards finding solutions. Many Muslim entrepreneurs are unaware either of the extent, nature and magnitude of the crises resulting from overconsumption, or of the Islamic religio-ethicospiritual perspective and guidance. Thus presently, Muslim-run businesses constitute part of the problem rather than solutions. To act as agents for reform, Muslim entrepreneurs a deeper understanding of the rich repository of Islamic beliefs, concepts and practices that need to be revived within the societies through their business models and practices.

scholarly journals Nostalgiczne powroty do przeszłości. O fenomenie wielkich blokowisk oraz retroprzedmiotach w najnowszej prozie realistycznej

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Piechota
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Rich

This article describes the phenomenon of large blocks of flats in the latest popular prose. It indicates that many writers, such as Cichowski,  Chutnik, and Wilk, return to their childhood spent in the period of the late PRL [the Polish People’s Republic]. The leisurely rhythm of the story along with the factual recording of the old world reflect the atmosphere of the lost carefree life. The rich enumeration of retro-objects develops into the glorification of the past. Chutnik, Wilk and Cichowski focus on describing interpersonal relationships based on friendship and solidarity. Their works constitute a valuable bridge between the past and the present.

scholarly journals Landscapes of War: Rules and Conventions of Conflict in Ancient Hawai'i (And Elsewhere)

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Kolb ◽  
Boyd Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Human Sacrifice ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Environmental Diversity ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
The Rich

A comparison of the rich ethnohistoric record of prehistoric conflict in Hawai'i with evidence of warfare in other culture areas suggests some basic similarities in cause and effect shared by many complex hegemonic polities. Three types of archaeological remains in Hawai'i indicate that human sacrifice and monumental-scale ritual construction were integral parts of pre-Contact (A.D. 1778) conquest warfare. The Hawaiians, however, invested much less labor in long-term responses to possible threats to civilian security than many cultures, suggesting that wartime expectations were very different even if the scale and intensity of combat was similar. These differences are perceived to be a reflection of distinct historical traditions of wartime ethics in Polynesia, unique rules of conflict adapted to the geographic isolation of the Hawaiian people and the environmental diversity that defines the archipelago.

The semiotics of symmetry, or Rimsky-Korsakov's operatic history lesson

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMON MORRISON
Keyword(s):  
Music History ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Creative Processes ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
The Rich

Rimsky-Korsakov dwelled at length on his place in music history. His musings informed his creative processes, notably his handling of operatic time and space relationships. His stage works rely on structural and syntactic reflection rather than patterns of cause and effect for cohesion. This article examines the narrative contents of Sadko (1896), a setting of the merchant tale ‘‘Sadko the Rich Trader” that follows the contours of the Orpheus parable. The analysis, focusing on the mirror relationships between Russians and non-Russians, indicates that the composer conceived the score as a parody of nationalism and orientalism. In depicting self as other and other as self, Sadko also demonstrates the inherent universality, rather than the inherent Russianness, of Rimsky-Korsakov’s music.

scholarly journals Paleo-Antarctic rainforest into the modern Old World tropics: The rich past and threatened future of the “southern wet forest survivors”

2014 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 2121-2135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Kooyman ◽  
Peter Wilf ◽  
Viviana D. Barreda ◽  
Raymond J. Carpenter ◽  
Gregory J. Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old World ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Old World Tropics

Culture and Rhetorical Patterns: Mining the Rich Relations Between Aristotle's Enthymeme and Example and India's Nyāya Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
General Statement ◽  
Rhetorical Patterns ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Cultural Dialogue

Rhetorical patterns used by Westerners may differ from those of other cultures. Still, little is known about Nyāya, India's rhetorical methodology. This essay relates rhetorical patterns in Aristotle's enthymeme and paradeigma to Nyāya's pratijñāa (claim/promise), hetu (reason), and dṛṣṭānta (example). Though superficially similar, the Greek/Western rhetorical patterns invoke interlocking statements based in a general statement, while the Indian approach uses a dominant analogical image to connect claim and reason. Focusing on a historical interaction where a Westerner missed key elements of Indian persuasion because of his Aristotelian presuppositions about argument, the essay illustrates the crucial need to understand differing rhetorical patterns for successful cultural dialogue.

Influence of Magnetic Fields on Solar Hydrodynamics: Experimental Results

1977 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 143-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.O. Stenflo
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Solar Atmosphere ◽  
General Problem ◽  
Solar Rotation ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Phenomena

It is well-known that solar activity is basically caused by the Interaction of magnetic fields with convection and solar rotation, resulting in a great variety of dynamic phenomena, like flares, surges, sunspots, prominences, etc. Many conferences have been devoted to solar activity, including the role of magnetic fields. Similar attention has not been paid to the role of magnetic fields for the overall dynamics and energy balance of the solar atmosphere, related to the general problem of chromospheric and coronal heating. To penetrate this problem we have to focus our attention more on the physical conditions in the ‘quiet’ regions than on the conspicuous phenomena in active regions.

Ultrastructure and analytical microprobe analysis of simian lung mite pigments

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 324-325
Author(s):  
R. W. Cole ◽  
J. C. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Old World Monkeys ◽  
Old World ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lung Mite ◽  
Mite Infestations ◽  
Cardiopulmonary System

In recent years, non-human primates have become indispensable as experimental animals in many fields of biomedical research. Pharmaceutical and related industries alone use about 2000,000 primates a year. Respiratory mite infestations in lungs of old world monkeys are of particular concern because the resulting tissue damage can directly effect experimental results, especially in those studies involving the cardiopulmonary system. There has been increasing documentation of primate parasitology in the past twenty years.

Old World History

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 622-624
Author(s):  
R. J. HERRNSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
World History ◽  
Old World
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