The Stemmed, Indented Base Point, a Possible Horizon Marker

Robert H. Lister

doi:10.2307/277047

The Stemmed, Indented Base Point, a Possible Horizon Marker

American Antiquity ◽

10.2307/277047 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 265-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Robert H. Lister

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Short Note ◽

Base Point ◽

Western United States ◽

Projectile Point ◽

Additional Information ◽

Geographical Spread ◽

Set Up

Has the time arrived when we can set up another horizon marker in the archaeology of western United States? An examination of the literature reveals that a projectile point which we will call the Stemmed, Indented Base Point may be so considered. This short note contains a compilation of but some of the references to this type of point in western United States and is written in hopes of stimulating comments and additional information. No attempt has been made to present an exhaustive distributional study of this artifact, but the accompanying chart lists some of its reported occurrences in order to point out its wide geographical spread as well as its estimated age and various terms by which it is known.

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The Earliest Cultures in the Western United States

American Antiquity ◽

10.2307/278370 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 138-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Alex D. Krieger

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Food Supply ◽

Western United States ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

Projectile Point ◽

Radiocarbon Dates ◽

Projectile Points ◽

Chipped Stone ◽

Point Types ◽

Geological Position

AbstractNearly all writers on the antiquity of man in America assume that the oldest archaeological sites contain chipped-stone projectile points and therefore cannot exceed an age of some 12,000 to 15,000 years, the estimates usually given to such projectile-point types as Sandia and Clovis. Suggestions of older sites, with radiocarbon dates ranging from some 21,000 years to as much as “greater than 37,000 years,” with simpler artifacts and an absence of stone projectile points, are generally viewed with suspicion if not abhorrence.A recent paper by E. H. Sellards considers seven localities in the western United States and Baja California which, because of geological position and radiocarbon dates, are probably too old to contain stone projectile points. The writer agrees with Sellards that these localities are archaeological (except for that at Texas Street in San Diego, California), but disagrees that those in coastal locations are different from those in inland locations for “ecological” reasons such as food supply and availability of stone. The differences may be explained in that those sites on the shores of extinct lakes were never covered by overburden, whereas those which were covered by alluvium or sand are known to us now only by varying amounts of exposure by erosion or excavation (or both).

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Utilizing Normalized Anomalies to Assess Synoptic-Scale Weather Events in the Western United States

Weather and Forecasting ◽

10.1175/2009waf2222273.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 428-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Randall A. Graham ◽

Richard H. Grumm

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Western United States ◽

Return Periods ◽

Synoptic Scale ◽

Specific Level ◽

Additional Information ◽

Weather Events ◽

The Pacific ◽

Relative Rarity

Abstract Synoptic-scale weather events over the western United States are objectively ranked based on their associated tropospheric anomalies. Data from the NCEP 6-h reanalysis fields from 1948 to 2006 are compared to a 30-yr (1971–2000) reanalysis climatology. The relative rarity of an event is measured by the number of standard deviations that the 1000–200-hPa height, temperature, wind, and moisture fields depart from climatology. The top 20 synoptic-scale events were identified over the western United States, adjacent eastern Pacific Ocean, Mexico, and Canada. Events that composed the top 20 tended to be very anomalous in several, if not all four, of the atmospheric variables. The events included the northern Intermountain West region heavy rainfall and Yellowstone tornado of mid-July 1987 (ranked 5th), the Montana floods of September 1986 (ranked 4th), and the historic 1962 “Columbus Day” windstorm in the Pacific Northwest (ranked 10th). In addition, the top 10 most anomalous events were identified for each month and for each of the variables investigated revealing additional significant weather events. Finally, anomaly return periods were computed for each variable at a variety of levels. To place a given anomaly in perspective for a specific level or element, forecasters need information on the frequency with which that anomaly is observed. These return periods can be utilized by forecasters to compare forecast anomalies to the actual occurrence of similar anomalies for the element and level of interest to gauge the potential significance of the event. It is believed that this approach may allow forecasters to better understand the historical significance of an event and provide additional information to the user community.

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Writing Time in Metaphors

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423939.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer J. Smith

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Western United States ◽

Entire System ◽

Language And Culture ◽

Space Race ◽

Do So

Coherence of place often exists alongside irregularities in time in cycles, and chapter three turns to cycles linked by temporal markers. Ray Bradbury’s The Martian Chronicles (1950) follows a linear chronology and describes the exploration, conquest, and repopulation of Mars by humans. Conversely, Louise Erdrich’s Love Medicine (1984) jumps back and forth across time to narrate the lives of interconnected families in the western United States. Bradbury’s cycle invokes a confluence of historical forces—time as value-laden, work as a calling, and travel as necessitating standardized time—and contextualizes them in relation to anxieties about the space race. Erdrich’s cycle invokes broader, oppositional conceptions of time—as recursive and arbitrary and as causal and meaningful—to depict time as implicated in an entire system of measurement that made possible the destruction and exploitation of the Chippewa people. Both volumes understand the United States to be preoccupied with imperialist impulses. Even as they critique such projects, they also point to the tenacity with which individuals encounter these systems, and they do so by creating “interstitial temporalities,” which allow them to navigate time at the crossroads of language and culture.

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