A Probable Paleo-Indian Site in Vermont

1953 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Random Surface ◽  
Fluted Points

Since the scientific recognition of a paleo-Indian occupation of the Southwest and high Plains, beginning with the Folsom discoveries in 1927 (Roberts, 1940), the presence of man in the eastern United States prior to the earliest demonstrated cultures of the Archaic period has been suspected on the evidence of random surface finds of fluted points. Some of these artifacts have typologically been equated with the Clovis Fluted form (Krieger, 1947, pp. 10-13), while the greater number, showing considerable stylistic variability, have provisionally been designated “Ohio Fluted points” (Shetrone, 1936, pp. 240-256; Wormington, 1949, pp. 33-35).

A Quantitative Examination of Virginia Fluted Points

1965 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Fitting
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Quantitative Examination ◽  
Fluted Points

AbstractIn an attempt to compare a large number of fluted points in the Eastern United States, metric data were coded on punch cards and analyzed statistically. A sample of fluted points from Virginia was tested in a trial study. It was found that some attributes showed significant but predictable clustering. The variation in fluting pattern between geographical areas within the state was significant.

The Bow and Arrow in the Eastern Woodlands: Evidence for an Archaic Origin

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Late Woodland ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
Woodland Period ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Late Archaic ◽  
Eastern Woodlands ◽  
Late Woodland Period ◽  
Bow And Arrow ◽  
Ethnographic Collections

The timing of the introduction of the bow and arrow in the eastern United States has been debated for some time. The bow and arrow have long thought to have been introduced during the Late Woodland period in the eastern United States. An increasing body of evidence, however, suggests that this innovation may have occurred sometime during the Archaic period. Based on data from ethnographic collections, classification functions are developed that allow for archaeological specimens to be classified as dart or arrow points. These classification functions are applied to hafted bifaces from a number of sites in the eastern United States. Based on this evidence, it is argued that 1) the bow and arrow were introduced at least as early as the Late Archaic and 2) the atlatl and bow were probably used in conjunction for some period of time before the bow and arrow became the predominant weapon.

A Fluted Point from Highland Guatemala

1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Coe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Guatemala City ◽  
The North ◽  
Middle America ◽  
San Rafael ◽  
Fluted Points

AbstractAn obsidian fluted point was found on the slope of a gorge near San Rafael, just west of Guatemala City. The point probably washed from hills on the thick beds of volcanics through which the gorge is cut. This would confirm previous beliefs that the paleo-Indian occupation of the area post-dates the volcanics. The San Rafael point resembles the fluted points from Costa Rica and Durango, Mexico, and Clovis forms from the eastern United States. Thus, paleo-Indian influences from the north into Middle America may have been of predominately eastern rather than western origins.

scholarly journals GOES Climatology and Analysis of Thunderstorms with Enhanced 3.9-μm Reflectivity

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (9) ◽  
pp. 2342-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Lindsey ◽  
Donald W. Hillger ◽  
Louie Grasso ◽  
John A. Knaff ◽  
John F. Dostalek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vertical Shear ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Reanalysis Dataset ◽  
The North ◽  
Ice Crystal Size

Abstract By combining observations from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) 3.9- and 10.7-μm channels, the reflected component of the 3.9-μm radiance can be isolated. In this paper, these 3.9-μm reflectivity measurements of thunderstorm tops are studied in terms of their climatological values and their utility in diagnosing cloud-top microphysical structure. These measurements provide information about internal thunderstorm processes, including updraft strength, and may be useful for severe weather nowcasting. Three years of summertime thunderstorm-top 3.9-μm reflectivity values are analyzed to produce maps of climatological means across the United States. Maxima occur in the high plains and Rocky Mountain regions, while lower values are observed over much of the eastern United States. A simple model is used to establish a relationship between 3.9-μm reflectivity and ice crystal size at cloud top. As the mean diameter of a cloud-top ice crystal distribution decreases, more solar radiation near 3.9 μm is reflected. Using the North American Regional Reanalysis dataset, the thermodynamic environment that favors thunderstorms with large 3.9-μm reflectivity values is identified. In the high plains and mountains, environments with relatively dry boundary layers, steep lapse rates, and large vertical shear values favor thunderstorms with enhanced 3.9-μm reflectivity. Thunderstorm processes that lead to small ice crystals at cloud top are discussed, and a possible relationship between updraft strength and 3.9-μm reflectivity is presented.

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