Kolomoki Burial Mounds and the Weeden Island Mortuary Complex

1953 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
William H. Sears
Keyword(s):  
The Third ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Weeden Island ◽  
Chattahoochee River

Kolomoki is about six miles from the Chattahoochee River, in extreme southwestern Georgia. One of the larger southeastern sites, it covers approximately three hundred acres, including a rectangular truncated pyramidal temple mound 56 feet high, a plaza about 40 acres in extent, and 7 dome shaped mounds ranging in height from 4 to 20 feet. Three of the latter mounds have been excavated, two of which, D and E, were burial mounds and supplied parts of the data for this study (Sears, 1951b). The third excavated mound probably covered the site of a ceremonial structure and crematory area (Larsen, n.d.).

scholarly journals The Culture of the Sakas of Semirechye: Contemporary State and Current Issues of Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Ernar A. Estemesov
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
The Third ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Second Category

Purpose. The article describes the history and analysis of the main issues in the study of archaeological sites of the Saka period in Semirechye. They are presented by three main types on this territory: burial and memorial complexes, settlements and hoards. The first type of monuments includes numerous burial mounds, where the elite burials of “royal” type and ordinary burials are located. Both social groups are combined by the unity of funeral rites, and the main differences are the complexity of architecture, memorial practices, and richness of burial equipment in the “royal” type burial mounds. The second category of monuments is presented by the settlements that are mostly small in size. The constructions like half dugouts were discovered on them, which gave a rich ceramic material. The third type of monuments of the Saka period in Semirechye includes numerous hoards of bronze items. Some of them are represented by the cult objects (sacrificial tables, lamps and cauldrons) that mark the places of worship. A significant percentage of the hoards contain items of weapons, horse equipment and household purposes and, apparently, serve as offerings to the spirits. However, despite the considerable progress in the study of the Saka monuments of the Semirechye Region, the main problem is their cultural attribution at this time. Some researchers suggest that the independent Saka archaeological culture was formed and developed on the territory of Semirechye in the Early Iron Age, while others believe that the Saka monuments of this region belong to the broader historical and cultural community that also covers the neighboring regions of Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang. Results Another important issue in the study of the Saka sites of Semirechye is to clarify the chronology of burial and memorial complexes. Up to now, the significant database of radiocarbon dates has been accumulated, which allows us to consider the chronological positions of a wide range of monuments in a new way. It was of great importance to obtain such dates from several burials of Karatuma necropolis, which showed that it belonged to the Saka period, since burial monuments of this appearance are traditionally dated back to the Wusun period. Conclusion. The necessity of solution of these problems is an urgent task for further research of burial and settlement objects of the Saka period in this region.

scholarly journals FINNO-UGRIC-TURKIC ETHNOCULTURAL COMMUNITY IN THE FUNERAL RITES OF THE BASHKIRS

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-345
Author(s):  
Farida Gabdulkhaevna Galieva
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Period ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Ethnocultural Community

The article studies the different stages of formation and development of Bashkir funeral rites in the Ural-Volga region of the Finno-Ugric-Turkic community. The first stage (2000 BC - the first half of the first millennium AD) is characterized by the formation of the Finno-Ugric ethnic base of the population in the region, which maintained ties with neighboring Eastern regions and eventually expanded contacts with southern regions, including the areas of ancient Bashkir tribes. The author discusses examples reflecting the ethnic and cultural ties of Bashkir ancestors to the peoples of Siberia, the similarities of their mythological concepts, such as the ways of passing through cremation, burial ceremonies, ground-based burial and burial mounds, which is supported by the archaeological material. The second stage (early Bulgar, the period of Volga-Bulgaria and the Kazan Khaganate) is considered a Finno-Ugric-Turkic ethnocultural community. In different geographical areas Bashkir, Udmurt and Mari peoples used the same type of burial structures (log, wooden). In the third stage (the second half of the 16 century - beginning of the 20 century) the community of the peoples in question strengthened through the process of Islamization, Turkification, and the shift to a Bashkir ethnic identity of the Finno-Ugric population. In the fourth stage (Soviet and post-Soviet era), the momentum of the previous tendencies continued. The influence of Turkic neighbors reflected in the funeral rites of the "pagans" (orienting the faces of the buried to the East, grave niches). At the same time, Bashkirs maintained pre-Islamic customs, or rejected Sharia norms for practical reasons (grave niches were not built because the soil was too loose). The Soviet period also led to the emergence of a common layer of culture.

Fort Walton Mississippian Beginnings in the Apalachicola–Lower Chattahoochee River Valley of Northwest Florida, Southwest Georgia, and Southeast Alabama

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Du Vernay ◽  
Nancy Marie White
Keyword(s):  
River Valley ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Platform Mounds ◽  
Fort Walton ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Weeden Island ◽  
Chattahoochee River ◽  
Northwest Florida

In the Apalachicola-lower Chattahoochee River valley, new data reaffirm a relatively seamless Fort Walton emergence from resident late Weeden Island groups circa A.D.900-1000 that was characterized by blending external Mississippian influences with local traditions. Check-stamped and other Woodland ceramics continued as Mississippian forms were adopted, but in non-shell-tempered wares. Maize was grown inland but agriculture may not have developed along the coast. Platform mounds were built and Woodland mound centers were reoccupied. Taken together, these data suggest that Fort Walton beginnings here involved negotiations between maintaining local identity and incorporating outside Mississippian practices.

scholarly journals THE JUSTIFICATION ON THE TIME OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE KURGAN BESH-OBA IV / 3 AKKAI (BELOGORSKY) BURNED BOTTLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-319
Author(s):  
S. G. Koltukhov
Keyword(s):  
Burial Mound ◽  
The Third ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
The Town

The article is devoted to the justification of the opinion on the construction in the second and third quarters of the 4th cent. BC. Mound 3, the topographic group of the royal mound IV, located on the town of Besh-Oba in the Piedmont Crimea. The Besh Oba IV / 3 burial mound was a part of Besh Oba IV burial mound, which was built in the end of the second to the third quarter of the 4th cent. BC. Analysis of the funeral equipment from the floor of the burial chamber in the crypt of the mound 3, allows to synchronize the royal burial mound IV and the burial mound 3. It makes us face the fact that the inlet «collective» burials in the burial chamber of the burial mound crypt 3, belong to a later time than the crypt and date back mainly as 2nd cent. BC. This conclusion confirms the correctness of the dating of the Besh-Ob IV group of  burial mounds, which was previously suggested by S. G. Koltukhov, and S.V. Polin. Consequently, it receives an additional confirmation of the opinion that the entire aristocratic Scythian burial mound, located on the mountains of Ak-Kaya and Besh-Ob, can be related to the second and third quarters of the 4th cent. BC.

Hopewellian Affiliations of Certain Sites on the Gulf Coast of Florida

1962 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Sears
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Mississippi Valley ◽  
Lower Mississippi Valley ◽  
Green Point ◽  
Florida Gulf Coast ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Weeden Island ◽  
The Continuum

AbstractThe Hopewellian Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture, on the Florida Gulf Coast, includes seven or more burial mounds. Analysis of the individual complexes demonstrates that these mounds occupy points on a cultural continuum, with some clustering into two mortuary or ceremonial complexes. The earlier Yent complex, with the Pierce, Crystal River, and Yent mounds is in the Deptford time period. Some of the pottery has Tchefuncte characteristics, and there are Hopewell artifacts. The later, Green Point complex includes the Huckleberry Landing and Green Point mounds, with mostly complicated-stamped pottery and a few Hopewellian traits. The latest mounds, also placed in the Green Point complex, are Andersons Bayou and Alligator Bayou, which have Troyville or Troyville-like pottery associated with complicated-stamped pottery in an east-side deposit, a characteristic of the following Weeden Island period. The continuum originates in a Deptford-Tchefuncte period, in which there are direct Ohio-Illinois contacts, and ends in the Troyville period with Lower Mississippi Valley rather than midwest contacts. The inferred time span is from approximately 200 B.C. to A.D. 800.

Progress report on 21-cm observations at low latitude between longitudes (l 11) 0° and 66°

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 177-179
Author(s):  
W. W. Shane
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
The Third ◽  
Introductory Lecture ◽  
Centre Region

In the course of several 21-cm observing programmes being carried out by the Leiden Observatory with the 25-meter telescope at Dwingeloo, a fairly complete, though inhomogeneous, survey of the regionl11= 0° to 66° at low galactic latitudes is becoming available. The essential data on this survey are presented in Table 1. Oort (1967) has given a preliminary report on the first and third investigations. The third is discussed briefly by Kerr in his introductory lecture on the galactic centre region (Paper 42). Burton (1966) has published provisional results of the fifth investigation, and I have discussed the sixth in Paper 19. All of the observations listed in the table have been completed, but we plan to extend investigation 3 to a much finer grid of positions.

The orbit of Pluto over a long interval of time

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Orbit ◽  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Restricted Problem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Circular Restricted Problem ◽  
Resonance Relation

The paper presents a summary of the results obtained by C. J. Cohen and E. C. Hubbard, who established by numerical integration that a resonance relation exists between the orbits of Neptune and Pluto. The problem may be explored further by approximating the motion of Pluto by that of a particle with negligible mass in the three-dimensional (circular) restricted problem. The mass of Pluto and the eccentricity of Neptune's orbit are ignored in this approximation. Significant features of the problem appear to be the presence of two critical arguments and the possibility that the orbit may be related to a periodic orbit of the third kind.

Monte Carlo Algorithms for Moments of Transition Arrays

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 79-81
Author(s):  
A. Goldberg ◽  
S.D. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
State Vector ◽  
Basis Vector ◽  
Collective State ◽  
Dispersion Characteristics ◽  
Dipole Strength ◽  
The Third ◽  
Monte Carlo Algorithms ◽  
Third Moment ◽  
Very High

AbstractClosed expressions for the first, second, and (in some cases) the third moment of atomic transition arrays now exist. Recently a method has been developed for getting to very high moments (up to the 12th and beyond) in cases where a “collective” state-vector (i.e. a state-vector containing the entire electric dipole strength) can be created from each eigenstate in the parent configuration. Both of these approaches give exact results. Herein we describe astatistical(or Monte Carlo) approach which requires onlyonerepresentative state-vector |RV> for the entire parent manifold to get estimates of transition moments of high order. The representation is achieved through the random amplitudes associated with each basis vector making up |RV>. This also gives rise to the dispersion characterizing the method, which has been applied to a system (in the M shell) with≈250,000 lines where we have calculated up to the 5th moment. It turns out that the dispersion in the moments decreases with the size of the manifold, making its application to very big systems statistically advantageous. A discussion of the method and these dispersion characteristics will be presented.

Probe size and 5th-order aberration

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 134-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Shao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Probe ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Cylindrical Symmetry ◽  
Electron Wave ◽  
Third Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Probe Radius ◽  
Small Probe ◽  
Probe Size

A small electron probe has many applications in many fields and in the case of the STEM, the probe size essentially determines the ultimate resolution. However, there are many difficulties in obtaining a very small probe.Spherical aberration is one of them and all existing probe forming systems have non-zero spherical aberration. The ultimate probe radius is given byδ = 0.43Csl/4ƛ3/4where ƛ is the electron wave length and it is apparent that δ decreases only slowly with decreasing Cs. Scherzer pointed out that the third order aberration coefficient always has the same sign regardless of the field distribution, provided only that the fields have cylindrical symmetry, are independent of time and no space charge is present. To overcome this problem, he proposed a corrector consisting of octupoles and quadrupoles.

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