A Typological Analysis of Axes and Choppers from Southeast Australia

1958 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Tugby

Three major factors have influenced the classification of stone artifacts in Australia. The first is the presence in the country of a contemporary stone-using people, the Australian aborigines. Early, relatively complete, and ethnologically valid studies of their life (Spencer and Gillen 1899), have given Australian artifact studies a functional flavor; so much so, that descriptive classifications have been proposed, whose major categories were in completely functional terms (Kenyon and Stirling 1900). Quite properly, Australian workers have sought functional comparisons between implements in current use and those whose function could not be discovered by ethnological enquiry, either because their makers had become culturally disintegrated, as in southeast Australia, or because their function was unknown to the living aborigines in the area concerned (see, for instance, the discussion of the mounted elouera in Setzler and McCarthy 1950).

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
E. S. Epifanov

This article presents a classification of major factors that shape the cost of Internet site. Also discusses the limitations in determining the objectives of the web site; advantages and disadvantages of different factors.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3608
Author(s):  
Kelsey Warkentin ◽  
Douglas Stow ◽  
Kellie Uyeda ◽  
John O’Leary ◽  
Julie Lambert ◽  
...  

The purpose of this study is to map shrub distributions and estimate shrub cover fractions based on the classification of high-spatial-resolution aerial orthoimagery and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data for portions of the highly disturbed coastal sage scrub landscapes of San Clemente Island, California. We utilized nine multi-temporal aerial orthoimage sets for the 2010 to 2018 period to map shrub cover. Pixel-based and object-based image analysis (OBIA) approaches to image classification of growth forms were tested. Shrub fractional cover was estimated for 10, 20 and 40 m grid sizes and assessed for accuracy. The most accurate estimates of shrub cover were generated with the OBIA method with both multispectral brightness values and canopy height estimates from a normalized digital surface model (nDSM). Fractional cover products derived from 2015 and 2017 orthoimagery with nDSM data incorporated yielded the highest accuracies. Major factors that influenced the accuracy of shrub maps and fractional cover estimates include the time of year and spatial resolution of the imagery, the type of classifier, feature inputs to the classifier, and the grid size used for fractional cover estimation. While tracking actual changes in shrub cover over time was not the purpose, this study illustrates the importance of consistent mapping approaches and high-quality inputs, including very-high-spatial-resolution imagery and an nDSM.


Author(s):  
SAID EL MADIDI

Introduction: Congenital malformations are a global health problem around the world. MCs is one of the main causes of death and disability of newborns worldwide, but the majority of its risk factors are still poorly understood. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the main causes that are related to the incidence of congenital malformations (CMs) in the region of Agadir in Morocco. Material and Methods: A prospective cases-control study at regional level was conducted in the pediatrics and neonatology department of Hassan II hospital in Agadir from April 2016 to April 2018. Data on child and maternal variables were recorded for 3701 newborns. The types of congenital malformations  have been classified according to the codes of the International Classification of Diseases. Univariate analyzes were performed to identify the variables associated with the etiology of the malformations. Multiple logistic regression was used to characterize the associations between the MC and the determining explanatory variables taken into account simultaneously. Results: The results of these studies showed that there is a significant association between the incidence of the Congenital anomalies and the level of the consanguinity of the child, the prematurity of childbirth, the family history of CMs, the body mass index of the mother and the presence of major trauma during pregnancy. Conclusion: our results have made it possible to highlight the existence of an association between a certain number of risk factors and the occurrence of congenital malformations. Additional studies are needed to confirm and clarify the role of these risk factors.


2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davis Young

After the tragic premature death of George Huntington Williams in 1894, the attempt by four young American petrographers to collaborate on construction of a quantitative classification of igneous rocks fell apart. The three survivors of the original quartet, C. Whitman Cross, Joseph P. Iddings, and Louis V. Pirsson, kept up their close friendship but produced their important petrological papers, including some contributions relating to classification, independently. In time, Henry Stephens Washington befriended the three.Discussions about igneous rock classification at the VII International Geological Congress (St Petersburg, 1897); establishment of the International Committee on Rock Nomenclature; efforts to develop an international classification; and renewed discussion at the VIII International Geological Congress (Paris, 1900) re-ignited Iddings' passion to develop a cooperative American scheme. Beginning with preliminary conferences at Iddings' instigation at annual meetings of the Geological Society of America in Washington, DC (1899), and Albany, NY (1900), Cross, Iddings, Pirsson, and Washington renewed the effort to produce a new classification to be based on chemico-mineralogical principles.In the first three months of 1901, Iddings and Washington offered proposals on the number and identity of major factors, namely chemically-based mineral groups, on which to base initial subdivision into major rock groups. They also generated ideas for diagrams on which to represent major rock groups in terms of the major factors, and they took tentative steps toward a new rock nomenclature. Remaining somewhat in the background, Cross and Pirsson cheered on their friends and offered an occasional response to the proposals.


2012 ◽  
Vol 605-607 ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
Ming Hai Cui ◽  
Young Lim Choi ◽  
Yun Ja Nam

This study conducted 3-dimensional grouping of shoulder shapes based on the feature points of the neck and shoulder by using 3-dimensional technologies. The study first extracted four feature points on the shoulders using the Pyramid method and formed a pyramid, and then projected them on tangent planes on the x-, y- and z-axis. This step was followed by an analysis of 45 measurements, including the angles and distances between the vertexes of the projected pyramid. The factor analysis of the measurements found out five major factors. The explanatory power of the factors was 92.29 percent.


2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-437
Author(s):  
Bharti Varshney ◽  
Prashant Kumar ◽  
Vivek Sapre ◽  
Sanjeev Varshney

The study seeks to investigate the Internet usage habits among the online population in India. It intends to confirm if respondents differed on the basis of demographic variables such as age, gender, occupation and city/town tier. Based on primary research, the present study examines the differential effects of demographic variables on various online activities, their usage frequency and duration. The study proposes a possible segmentation of Internet users and a classification of Internet activities. K-mean cluster analysis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) have been used to capture the same. The results suggest that activity-wise usage and duration of Internet usage vary with age, occupation and city/town tier of the respondents, but not much with gender. The factor analysis suggested grouping the dependent usage and activity variables into five major factors. The article would be helpful for the Internet service providers in segmenting the Internet users and enhancing the scholars’ understanding of effect of given demographic variables on Internet usage.


2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 1794-1797
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Yi Zhang

In this paper, we propose a GIS-based method that combines factor analysis and cluster analysis to quantitatively classify neighborhoods type for Zhangshan City, China. First, the possible measures for neighborhood type classification are reviewed. Then, ten measures are chosen for the case study. Factor analysis is adopted to generate five major factors and cluster analysis is used to identify six neighborhood types.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Majd Mohammad Omoush

The purpose of this research paper is to assessing and prioritizing critical success (CSFs) factors and delays of project management implementation by there a comprehensive taxonomy of CSFs and delays for project management. A total of 44 articles were reviewed to achieve an intensity of understanding of the various CSFs and delays already identified by other researchers and presenting a comprehensive classification of CSFs and delays in the area of project management in Jordanian construction project. Within this context, a questionnaire survey was carried out and among 98 personnel from 20 Jordanian construction projects. Afterward surveying project managers, engineers, and senior departments in Jordanian construction projects for the Relevance and importance of factors extracted from the field by analyzing all CFSs and delays mentioned in the literature. This research relied on the means values representing the means evaluations for the participants’ opinions. A 5-poits Likert scale was used; the success and delays factors were represented by five (5) major factors like the human’s related factors, organizational and managerial, material factor, project related factors, and the External Environment &Stack holder. This research used taxonomies to classify the means values throughout three ideas the first one classification of the major success factors and delays, second one to explore the sub success factors and delays within each major factor and finally to explore what is the most important sub success factors and delays regardless of the major factor its part of. Based on the analyses For the major success factors based on priority ranking the Projects related factors was the most important success and delays factor, while the factor Human Related was the lea important factor being evaluated For the humans related factors the sub factor “coherent team.” was the most sub factor evaluated , For the organizational and managerial sub factors “Functional manager support” was the most sub factor evaluated finally For the materials sub factors “Availability of materials” was the most sub factor evaluated?


Author(s):  
Soo-Chan Jee ◽  
Yu Shin Lee ◽  
Joong Hee Lee ◽  
Sunghwan Park ◽  
Byungki Jin ◽  
...  

Hand tools designed without the anthropometric perspective lead to lower performance and safety. This study suggests a statistical hand shape classification with Korean anthropometric data. A total of 321 anthropometric data were used for this study. To investigate hand types, 27 anthropometric hand variables normalized by the stature of each participant and factor analysis and cluster analysis were conducted. As a result, three major factors were deduced: factors of hand breadth, palm length, and finger length. Additionally, four hand types were determined: (a) a spacious hand with short fingers, (b) a hand with short palm with above average fingers, (c) a long palm and fingers, and (d) a narrow hand and short fingers. In the male population, the spacious hand with short fingers type was dominant while the narrow hand and short fingers type was dominant in the female population. These results are expected to be preliminarily utilized in design for the Korean population.


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