Early Water Systems at Gran Quivira National Monument

1945 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph H. Toulouse
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
National Monument

From the time early in the nineteenth century when the ruins now known as Gran Quivira National Monument were rediscovered, speculation as to the source of the water supply has been rife. Many are the theories to account for the presence of this pueblo ruin in the midst of an expansive waterless region. These theories range from an assumption of the former existence of springs, now long dried up, to tales of marvelous aqueducts which brought water from a spring in the Gallinas Mountains to the east, a distance of fifteen miles. Recently, researches have brought to light new data in explanation of this apparent condition. It is, therefore, the purpose of this paper to assemble all of the available evidence, to evaluate and present it.

The Melville Monument and the Shaping of the Scottish Metropolis

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 105-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarisse Godard Desmarest
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Grid Pattern ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Town ◽  
National Monument ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The City

AbstractThe Melville Monument, which stands at the centre of St Andrew's Square in Edinburgh, was erected between 1821 and 1823 in memory of the Tory statesman Henry Dundas, first Viscount Melville (1742–1811). The design for the monument, more than 150 ft tall, was provided by William Burn (1789–1870). The 15 ft statue of Dundas that stands on top, added in 1827, was carved by Robert Forrest (1789–1852), a Scottish sculptor from Lanarkshire, from a design by Francis Chantrey (1781–1841). The Melville Monument, imperial in character and context, is part of a series of highly visible monuments built in Edinburgh in the early nineteenth century to celebrate such figures as Horatio Nelson, Robert Burns, William Pitt, King George IV and the dead of the Napoleonic wars (National Monument). This article examines the commission and construction of the Melville Monument, and analyses the choice and significance of St Andrew's Square as a locus for commemoration. The monument is shown to be part of an emerging commitment to enhance the more picturesque qualities of the city, a reaction against the exaggerated formality of the first New Town and its grid pattern.

scholarly journals First reported isolation of an emerging opportunistic pathogen (Elizabethkingia anophelis) from hospital water systems in Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Kyritsi ◽  
Varvara A. Mouchtouri ◽  
Spyros Pournaras ◽  
Christos Hadjichristodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Active Search ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract After the Elizabethkingia anophelis outbreak in Wisconsin, USA, an active search for the detection of the microorganism in hospital water systems from Central and Northern Greece was performed from June to December 2016. In total, 457 water samples from 11 hospitals were analyzed. Elizabethkingia spp. was detected in three samples collected from two hospitals, both of which are located in Northern Greece. Two of the three isolated strains were identified as Elizabethkingia anophelis. No cases of Elizabethkingia infection were reported in either hospital during 2016. This is the first reported isolation of the pathogen in water supply systems in Greece.

scholarly journals Does the source of water for piped supplies affect child health? Evidence from rural Vanuatu

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-595
Author(s):  
Tim Foster ◽  
Emily Rand ◽  
Erie Sami ◽  
Brieana Dance ◽  
Jeremy Kohlitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Generous Support ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract Piped water systems are considered to provide the highest service level for drinking water supplies; however, global monitoring of safe water access pays little attention to the type of water source that piped systems draw upon, even if the water is not treated prior to distribution. This study sought to understand whether the source of water for untreated piped supplies influences the prevalence of diarrhoea among children in rural Vanuatu. The analysis was based on a dataset integrating a Demographic and Health Survey and a nationwide water supply inventory. After adjusting for a range of potential confounders, the results revealed a significant association between diarrhoea and the type of water source supplying a piped system. Compared with borehole-supplied piped systems, spring-fed piped systems were significantly associated with increased odds of diarrhoea (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 5.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–31, p = 0.040). No significant association between diarrhoea and piped systems drawing on surface water was observed. Increased odds of diarrhoea were significantly associated with water supply systems constructed prior to the year 2000 (AOR 4.9, 95% CI 1.9–13, p = 0.001). The results highlight the need for improvements in spring protection as well as ongoing maintenance and periodic renewal of water supply infrastructure. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

The Value of Water Supply Reliability in Urban Water Systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Howe ◽  
Mark Griffin Smith ◽  
Lynne Bennett ◽  
Charles M. Brendecke ◽  
J.Ernest Flack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Systems ◽  
Value Of Water ◽  
Supply Reliability

Sustainability indices and risk analysis of drinking water systems in Southwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-603
Author(s):  
Enovwo Odjegba ◽  
Grace Oluwasanya ◽  
Olufemi Idowu ◽  
Olufunke Shittu ◽  
Gail Brion
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Very High ◽  
Drinking Water Systems

Abstract This study focused on designing a drinking water systems sustainability index for Integrated Water Resources Management in low-income countries. Water Supply Systems Sustainability Index (WSSI), a field assessment tool, was designed for rapid appraisal of drinking water systems in selected urban, peri-urban and rural Nigerian communities. The systems were classified into Highly Sustainable, Sustainable, Averagely Sustainable, and Unsustainable WSSI categories. Sanitary Risk Score (SRS) was assigned, classifying drinking water systems into Very High, High, Intermediate (Medium) and Low-Risk categories. WSSI results revealed that for urban systems, 90 are Highly Sustainable, 27 are Sustainable and 12 are Averagely Sustainable. For peri-urban systems, 13 are Highly Sustainable, 7 Sustainable and 1 Averagely Sustainable. Only urban hand-dug wells are in the Very High-Risk category. Public water supplies occurred only in the Low-Risk (17) and Intermediate-Risk (6) categories. Urban and rural boreholes had better quality than peri-urban boreholes. WSSI and SRS correlation result indicated strong positive correlation for urban hand-dug wells' (R2 = 0.5688, at p < 0.05) and weak positive correlation between peri-urban hand-dug wells' (R2 = 0.1847, at p < 0.05) and urban boreholes' WSSI and SRS (R2 = 0.2032, at p < 0.05). Findings showed that drinking water systems are, generally, sustainable and WSSI could be incorporated into community-level water supply assessment.

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