A Carved Stone from D'Arcy, Saskatchewan

1940 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-335
Author(s):  
Vladimar Alfred Vigfusson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
The North ◽  
Gravel Pit ◽  
North Bank ◽  
The Town

In recent years, the attention of some archaeologists has been directed to the Canadian Northwest with the expectation of finding some evidence or indication of the early migrations of man on this continent. That man reached North America by Bering Strait from Asia, is generally accepted, but the theory that the migrations took place in late Pleistocene times and by way of an open corridor between the Keewatin ice and the Rockies, requires confirmation. It is significant that Folsom and Yuma points from Saskatchewan, described by E. B. Howard, were found mainly in areas bordering the ancient glacial Lake Regina.As a further contribution to this problem, it seems desirable to present a brief description of a carved stone relic found in gravel in central Saskatchewan about three years ago.The stone was found about seven miles southeast of the town of D'Arcy in a gravel pit located on Sec. 9, Tp. 28, Rge. 18, W. 3rd Meridian, on the north bank of a ravine running east into Bad Lake.

The Social Structure of Modern Bamako

Africa ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Meillassoux
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
North Bank ◽  
Niger River ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
The Town

Opening ParagraphAccording to a partial census taken in 1960, Bamako city has about 130,000 inhabitants. Small by Western standards, it is still by far the largest city in Mali. At the time of the French conquest Bamako had only between 800 and 1,000 inhabitants; it was the capital of a Bambara chiefdom, grouping about thirty villages on the north bank of the Niger river, with a total of about 5,000 people. The ruling dynasty was that of the Niaré, who, according to their traditions, came from the Kingi eleven generations ago (between 1640 and 1700). For defence against the neighbours and armed slave-raiders fortifications were built around the town and a permanent army of so-fa (horsemen) was raised. Soon after its foundation Bamako attracted Moslem Moors from Twat who settled as marabouts and merchants under the protection of the Niaré's warriors. Among them, the Twati (later to be called Touré) and the Dravé became, alongside and sometimes in competition with the Niaré, the leading families.

Bad Roads Are Good for Baikal

Sacred Sea ◽  
2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Thomson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Migratory Fish ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
The South ◽  
Wood Stove ◽  
Gravel Beds ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
North Bank ◽  
The Town

The Barguzin River flows out of the Barguzin Mountains, through the town of Barguzin and then the coastal community of Ust-Barguzin before it finally loses itself in a broad cove of Baikal known as Barguzin Bay. The only way across the river for miles upstream from the lake is a ramshackle little wooden ferry with a tiny, corrugated steel shed with a wood stove in it and room on its deck for about half a dozen cars. The ferry slips noiselessly away from the end of the road on the south bank, and looking west toward the lake, two ghostly, rusting timber loading cranes loom on the horizon while the river spills over into a grassy marsh on its north bank. Turning back to the east, there’s a small motorboat laboring to get upstream—laboring because it’s attached to a tow rope, which is attached to the ferry. The ferry, it turns out, is just a hapless little barge, at the mercy of the river without the guidance of the motorboat pilot on the other end of the towline. Our crossing takes less than five minutes, and connected to it by nothing but that single strand, the pilot directs the barge into place perfectly on the far side. But the deckhand fails to secure it, the ferry swings wide in the current, spins ninety degrees, and slams butt-end into the dock. The pilot scowls as he turns the motorboat around and uses its blunt bow, covered in a tractor tire, to push the barge back into place, where the deckhand finally lashes it to the dock. The Barguzin is Baikal’s third largest tributary, after the Selenga to the south of here and the Upper Angara to the north. It carries about six percent of the water flowing into the lake, along with migratory fish like omul and sturgeon, born in the shallow gravel beds upriver before wandering downstream to spend most of their lives in the lake. And even though it flows through only two towns between its headwaters and the lake, the Barguzin carries a significant pollution load into Baikal, as well, especially organic chemicals from timber operations.

scholarly journals XI.—Notes on the Geology of the Eildon Hills, in Roxburghshire

1853 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
James D. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Eastern Slope ◽  
The West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
North Bank ◽  
The Town

The following remarks, being the result of a careful examination of a small district of country characteristic of the relations of the trap formations, are perhaps worthy of being recorded; although the general features of the county of Roxburgh have been very clearly stated in a paper by Mr Milne, published in the 15th volume of the Edinburgh Transactions.The outburst of porphyritic trap forming the conspicuous small group of the Eildon Hills, may be stated to be surrounded by the characteristic greywacke of the south of Scotland. It forms an elongated patch on the map, extending from the west end of Bowden Muir in the direction of the town of Selkirk, and running from west-south-west to east-north-east (true) towards Bemerside Hill, on the north bank of the Tweed. The breadth is variable, probably less than is generally supposed; but it cannot be accurately ascertained, owing to the accumulated diluvium which covers the whole south-eastern slope of this elevated ridge. On this account, my observations on the contact of rocks have been almost entirely confined to the northern and western boundaries of the trap, although the other side was examined with equal care.

Allozyme and Mitochondrial DNA Variation among Three Species of Stizostedion (Percidae): Phylogenetic and Zoogeographical Implications

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Billington ◽  
Paul D. N. Hebert ◽  
Robert D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
North America ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
Before Present ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
The North

The percid genus Stizostedion consists of five species, three in Europe and two in North America, and is believed to have evolved in Europe and then later colonized North America. Three hypotheses exist concerning the route and timing of this colonization: a Miocene Atlantic "riverine" route; a Pliocene Beringian route; and a late-Pleistocene Atlantic route. To test these hypotheses, allozyme and mitochondrial DNA variation were compared in three Stizostedion species, S. canadense and S. vitreum from North America, and S. lucioperca from Europe, to determine their genetic relatedness. Divergence times between S. canadense and S. vitreum were estimated as 3.12 ± 1.33 million years before present (MYBP) from allozyme data and 4.06 ± 0.73 MYBP for mtDNA data, while divergence times between the North American species and S. lucioperca were 10.59 ± 2.74 MYBP and 7.86 ± 1.18 MYBP, respectively. These results are concordant with the hypothesis that colonization of North America by Stizostedion occurred during the Pliocene via Beringia.

Late Pleistocene proboscideans and early Fraser glacial sedimentation in eastern Fraser Lowland, British Columbia

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 899-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Hicock ◽  
Keith Hobson ◽  
John E. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Glacial Ice ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glacial Sedimentation

Three recently radiocarbon-dated tusk segments from eastern Fraser Lowland indicate Pleistocene proboscideans (probably mammoths) lived there between 22 700 and 21 400 years ago during early Fraser (for the Fraser Lowland) ice advance into the area. Palynomorphs from silty sand adhering to a tusk indicate the animals grazed on open grassy floodplain. Sedimentologic and altimeter studies of tusk-bearing gravel indicate an early Fraser sandur, at least 10 km long and deposited at the same time as Coquitlam Drift, formed in Chilliwack Valley at the same time that a sandur or kame terrace was deposited against the north side of Promontory ridge. Probably about 21 000 years ago (the time of Coquitlam glacial maximum in western Fraser Lowland) ice blocked Chilliwack Valley, creating a glacial lake whose freshwater, Pediastrum-bearing, laminated silt has been observed up to 200 m asl. Stratigraphy and history of the area following deposition of the above gravels and silt are still uncertain without more chronologic control. However, proboscideans could have migrated southward and westward, away from ice advancing into Fraser Lowland, across ancestral Strait of Georgia via the Quadra sandur, and onto southeastern Vancouver Island to which earliest Fraser glacial ice probably advanced after 17 000 years BP.

scholarly journals The Boulders of the Travellers' Rest Gravel Pit, Cambridge

1921 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
J. E. A. Whealler
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
The South ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Gravel Pit ◽  
The University ◽  
The Town

ABOUT twelve years ago Dr. R. H. Rastall and Mr. J. Romanes published an account of the Boulders of the Cambridge Drift. In this paper a list was given of the rock-types recognized at that time in the gravels of the Travellers' Rest Pit, situated about a mile north-west of the town of Cambridge on the Huntingdon Road. Since that time Professor Marr has paid much attention to this pit, among others, with special reference to the Palæolithic implements there found. He has embodied his results in two important papers. In the course of this work Professor Marr collected a number of interesting erratics, and the same pit has also been investigated by many geologists connected with the University, both members of the Sedgwick Club and others. During the last ten years, though the North Pit has been abandoned, the South Pit has been very actively worked for gravel, and has been greatly increased in size. In consequence of this a large amount of additional material has been collected, including many new types, while some of the older specimens, whose origin had been left indeterminate by Rastall and Romanes, have been now identified. Hence it is felt that the time has now arrived when these more recent results should be put on record.

Evidence for geographic variation in the diets of late Pleistocene and early Holocene Bison in North America, and differences from the diets of recent Bison

2007 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Rivals ◽  
Nikos Solounias ◽  
Matthew C. Mihlbachler
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Central Plains ◽  
Dietary Breadth ◽  
The North ◽  
Microwear Analysis ◽  
Dietary Study ◽  
Ecological Versatility

AbstractDuring the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, Bison was widely dispersed across North America and occupied most regions not covered by ice sheets. A dietary study on Bison paleopopulations from Alaska, New Mexico, Florida, and Texas was performed using two methods that relate dental wear patterns to diet, mesowear analysis and microwear analysis. These data were compared to a mixed sample of extant Bison from the North American central plains, extant wood Bison from Alberta (Canada) and a variety of other modern ungulates. Mesowear relates macroscopic molar facet shape to levels of dietary abrasion. The mesowear signature observed on fossil Bison differs significantly from the hyper-abrasive grazing diet of extant Bison. Tooth microwear examines wear on the surface of enamel at a microscopic scale. The microwear signal of fossil samples resembles to modern Bison, but the fossil samples show a greater diversity of features, suggesting that fossil Bison populations regularly consumed food items that are texturally inconsistent with the short-grass diet typical of modern plains Bison. Mesowear and microwear signals of fossil Bison samples most closely resemble a variety of typical mixed feeding ungulates, all with diets that are substantially less abrasive than what is typical for modern plains Bison. Furthermore, statistical tests suggest significant differences between the microwear signatures of the fossil samples, thus revealing geographic variability in Pleistocene Bison diets. This study reveals that fossils are of value in developing an understanding of the dietary breadth and ecological versatility of species that, in recent times, are rare, endangered, and occupy only a small remnant of their former ranges.

scholarly journals Spatially explicit analysis sheds new light on the Pleistocene megafaunal extinction in North America

Paleobiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meaghan M. Emery-Wetherell ◽  
Brianna K. McHorse ◽  
Edward Byrd Davis
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
North American ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The North ◽  
Primary Driver

AbstractThe late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions may have been the first extinctions directly related to human activity, but in North America the close temporal proximity of human arrival and the Younger Dryas climate event has hindered efforts to identify the ultimate extinction cause. Previous work evaluating the roles of climate change and human activity in the North American megafaunal extinction has been stymied by a reliance on geographic binning, yielding contradictory results among researchers. We used a fine-scale geospatial approach in combination with 95 megafaunal last-appearance and 75 human first-appearance radiocarbon dates to evaluate the North American megafaunal extinction. We used kriging to create interpolated first- and last-appearance surfaces from calibrated radiocarbon dates in combination with their geographic autocorrelation. We found substantial evidence for overlap between megafaunal and human populations in many but not all areas, in some cases exceeding 3000 years of predicted overlap. We also found that overlap was highly regional: megafauna had last appearances in Alaska before humans first appeared, but did not have last appearances in the Great Lakes region until several thousand years after the first recorded human appearances. Overlap in the Great Lakes region exceeds uncertainty in radiocarbon measurements or methodological uncertainty and would be even greater with sampling-derived confidence intervals. The kriged maps of last megafaunal occurrence are consistent with climate as a primary driver in some areas, but we cannot eliminate human influence from all regions. The late Pleistocene megafaunal extinction was highly variable in timing and duration of human overlap across the continent, and future analyses should take these regional trends into account.

BIOGEOGRAPHY AND ORIGINS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA)

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (S144) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.B.N. Hynes
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Far East ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
The West ◽  
East Europe ◽  
The North ◽  
The Far East

AbstractThe present distributions of stonefly genera in North America, their occurrence as endemics, or as shared with the Far East, Europe and South America, are considered in conjunction with geological history. It is concluded that the Plecoptera of North America have four sources of origin.There was an ancient eastern fauna shared with Europe before the formation of the North Atlantic Ocean. A second group moved in from the west during the formation of the western mountains. After formation of the isthmus one genus moved northward from South America. After the Pleistocene period several species migrated from the Bering Strait region, possibly from an Alaskan refugium. Some of these have clearly moved eastward, but a few may have moved westward.

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