Trade Unions in the Victorian Age: Debates on the Issue from 19th Century Critical Journals

1975 ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
F. B. Smith ◽  
G. W. Crompton
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Victorian Age

scholarly journals EDWARDA MUSZALSKIEGO KONCEPCJA NARODOWEGO PRAWA CYWILNEGO

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Ewa Kozerska ◽  
Tomasz Scheffler
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Private Law ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The 19Th Century

Edward Muszalski’s Idea of National Private LawSummary The paper presents the views of Polish lawyer Edward Muszalski on the state of private law in Europe and Poland of the interwar period and his proposals for changes. Muszalski assumed that the law was shaped by two schools of thought : liberal and socialist. In the 18th and 19th century the liberal school dominated, the result of which was the creation of the Napoleonic Code and the BGB. In the 19th century, socialism also influenced the law, which resulted in the creation of labor legislation and trade unions. In the 20th century, the bad qualities of both schools came together in the law of the Soviet Union. However it was possible to combine the good qualities of liberal and socialist law by assuming that the fundamental category of private law is the nation. According to Muszalski, national private law assumes, among others, the dominance of common law over statues, limitation of property rights, strengthening of family stability, limiting rights of will making and abandoning the principle of the will of the parties as the basis for interpreting contracts. Attempts to create national private law were made in Germany under the rule of Hitler and in Italy under the rule of Mussolini. However in both cases full-range law reforms failed, and in both countries private law remains liberal.

Labour united and divided from the 1830s to the present

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
British Labour ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The 19Th Century

Spanning a period which stretches from the 19th century to the present day, this book takes a novel look at the British labour movement by examining the interaction between trade unions, the Labour Party, other parties of the Left, and other groups such as the Co-op movement and the wider working class, to highlight the dialectic nature of these relationships, marked by consensus and dissention. It shows that, although perceived as a source of weakness, those inner conflicts have also been a source of creative tension, at times generating significant breakthroughs. This book seeks to renew and expand the field of British labour studies, setting out new avenues for research so as to widen the audience and academic interest in the field, in a context which makes the revisiting of past struggles and dilemmas more pressing than ever. The book together brings well-established labour historians and political scientists, thus establishing dialogue across disciplines, and younger colleagues who are contributing to the renewal of the field. It provides a range of case studies as well as more wide-ranging assessments of recent trends in labour organising, and will therefore be of interest to academics and students of history and politics, as well as to practitioners, in the British Isles and beyond.

scholarly journals Testing Marx. Income Inequality, Concentration, and Socialism in Late 19th Century Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bartels ◽  
Felix Kersting ◽  
Nikolaus Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Strike Activity ◽  
Working Paper

We study the dynamics of income inequality, capital concentration, and voting outcomes before 1914. Based on new panel data for Prussian counties and districts we re-evaluate the key economic debate between Marxists and their critics before 1914. We show that the increase in inequality was strongly correlated with a rising capital share, as predicted by Marxists at the time. In contrast, rising capital concentration was not associated with increasing income inequality. Relying on new sector×county data, we show that increasing strike activity worked as an offsetting factor. Similarly, the socialists did not directly benefit from rising inequality at the polls, but from the activity of trade unions. Overall, we find evidence for a rise in the bargaining power of workers, which limited the increase in inequality before 1914. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper Series)

Australian Trade Unions in the Context of Union Theory

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Howard
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Industrial Role ◽  
Made In

Trade union theory has a long history and a considerable quality, but it has rarely seemed to touch on the nature of Australian unions of the 20th century. While the unions of the late 19th century may have been a response to con ventional stimuli, those of the 20th have seemed to arise out of the needs of the industrial relations machinery, rather than to satisfy worker demands. The Australian trade union can be regarded in general as an institution called into existence by a bureaucratic mechanism (the arbitration system) to enhance the functioning of that mechanism. Unions generally have not succeeded in carving out for themselves an industrial role that is independent of the arbitral system, and the efforts they have made in this direction have not been sustained. The trade union dependence on the arbitral system suggests that predictions about union behaviour derived from international experience may be based on quite irrelevant premises.

scholarly journals A pátria no palco: mobilização política e construção de uma identidade nacional nos clubes recreativos italianos em São Paulo (1870-1920) / Motherland on Stage: Political Mobilization and Construction of a National Identity in Italian Philodramatic” Societies in São Paulo (1870-1920)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Alessandra Vannucci
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Voluntary Associations ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Resumo: O ensaio analisa a atividade dos clubes recreativos italianos em São Paulo, a partir do final do século XIX, quando a cidade se transforma de vila colonial em metrópole industrial e sofre o impacto das grandes migrações. A fuga dos trabalhadores das plantações para a cidade, onde conseguem articular formas de resistência à exploração através do associacionismo voluntário (jornais, sindicatos e teatro) alimenta um clima de discriminação, culminando em perseguição racial. A emancipação política é conquistada através da arte, principalmente nos palcos. Nas peças deste repertório, os valores patrióticos e nacionalistas do Risorgimento, que haviam alimentado uma primeira fase da literatura emigrante, são paulatinamente substituídos pela utopia internacionalista da sociedade “sem pátria e sem patrões”.Palavras-chave: teatro italiano no Brasil; amadorismo teatral; emigração.Abstract: We analyze some of the Italian recreational clubs activities in São Paulo, from the end of the 19th century, when the city was transformed from a colonial village into an industrial metropolis and suffered the impact of the great migrations. Escaping from plantation to the city, workers manage to articulate forms of resistance to exploitation through voluntary associations (newspapers, trade unions and theatre) which fuels a discrimination atmosphere, culminating in racial persecution. Political emancipation has been pursued through art, especially on stage. The patriotic and nationalist values of the Italian Risorgimento that had fuelled a first phase of emigrant literature are gradually replaced by the internationalist “homeless and boss less” society utopia.Keywords: Italian theatre in Brazil; amateur actors; emigration.

Charles Dickens: A Very Short Introduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Hartley
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Fictional Characters ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Victorian Age ◽  
Social Causes ◽  
Multiple Lives

Charles Dickens is credited with creating some of the world’s best-known fictional characters, and is widely regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian age. Charles Dickens: A Very Short Introduction explores the key themes running through his corpus of works, and considers how they reflect his attitudes towards the harsh realities of 19th-century society and its institutions. It considers Dickens’s multiple lives and careers: as magazine editor for much of his working life, as travel writer and journalist, and his work on behalf of social causes. Finally, it discusses what is meant by the use of the term ‘Dickensian’ today, and the enduring impact of his work.

Gegenmacht!? Arbeiter*innenbewegungen 1867–1914

2021 ◽  
pp. 419-450
Author(s):  
John Evers
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Industrial Action ◽  
The 19Th Century

Counterpower!? Workers’ Movements 1867–1914. This chapter outlines the efforts of workers in Lower Austria in the 19th century to represent their interests through collective mobilization and organization. From the 1880s onwards, this resistance was expressed – also from a global perspective – in a massive wave of industrial action, the formation of supra-regional and inter-professional trade unions and the rise of politically independent workers’ parties as important players. The focus of this contribution is in line with these international developments, which also had an impact on Lower Austria. The development of workers’ movements from 1890 to 1913 and their impact on the different fields of (counter)power in Lower Austria is examined in detail.

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