Oil and Geopolitics in the Caspian Sea Region. Ed. Michael P. Croissant and Bülent Aras. Foreword, Patrick Clawson. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1999. xx, 305 pp. Notes. Index. Figures. Tables. Maps. $69.50, hard bound - Towards the Control of Oil Resources in the Caspian Region. By Mehdi Parvizi Amineh. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999. viii, 248 pp. Bibliography. Index. Figures. Tables. Maps. $55.00, hard bound.

Slavic Review ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Turnock
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Oil Resources

X. Growing Tension and the Threat of War in the Southern Caspian Sea: The Unsettled Division Dispute and Regional Rivalry

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-591
Author(s):  
Hooman Peimani
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
American Military ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Southern Caspian Sea

AbstractThe absence of an acceptable legal regime for the division of the Caspian Sea among its five littoral states has created grounds for conflicts, crises, and wars in the Caspian region, a situation worsened since 2001 when Iran, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan found each other on a collision course over the ownership of certain offshore oilfields. The region has since been heading towards militarization, while the persistence of conflicts over the Caspian Sea's division has prepared the ground for military conflicts. Fear of lagging behind in an arms and the manipulation of conflicts by the United States and Turkey have further encouraged militarization. Against this background, certain factors, including Turkey's efforts to deny Iran political and economic gains in the Caspian region, the growing American military presence in Eurasia, and the expanding American-Azeri military ties since 11 September 2001 will likely contribute to the creation of a suitable ground for a military conflict in the Caspian region.

scholarly journals OFFERINGS OF HUNNIC-TYPE ARTIFACTS IN STONE ENCLOSURES AT ALTYNKAZGAN, THE EASTERN CASPIAN REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
A. E. Astafyev ◽  
E. S. Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
The Third ◽  
Area North ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Mangyshlak Peninsula

In 2014–2015, nine enclosures built of stone slabs were excavated at Altynkazgan on the Mangyshlak Peninsula, Republic of Kazakhstan. Inside them, remains of offering ceremonies were found: vessels dug into the ground, altars made of limestone blocks, and pits for offerings. In one of these, we found a richly decorated bridle, in another, a belt set of inlaid golden plaques, and in the third, remains of a saddle (silver plates and other items). The entire assemblage has numerous parallels among the 5th and 6th century fi nds from the northern Black Sea area, North Caucasus, and the Volga basin. Ritual burial of a “golden” belt, a bridle, and a ceremonial saddle indicate an advanced cult that included offerings of prestigious belongings of a horseman. These rituals were introduced by Iranian-speaking nomads who had migrated to the eastern Caspian region during the Hunnic raids to Iran in the 5th century. At that time, owing to the regressive phase of the Caspian Sea, the semi-desert northern Caspian coast was connected with Mangyshlak by a land bridge. Our hypotheses are supported by both historical records and modern geomorphological studies of the Caspian Sea.

Commercial activity of the Russian shipping company “Caucasus and Mercury” in Persia in the context of public-private partnership in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (04-1) ◽  
pp. 94-108
Author(s):  
Gadilya Kornoukhova ◽  
Marina Moseykina
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
Private Business ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Merchant Shipping ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the activities of the joint-stock shipping company «Caucasus and Mercury» in the Persian market, reveals its place in trade and economic operations in the Caspian region as a whole. The authors aim to find out the degree of effectiveness of public-private cooperation in the development of a separate transport company, «Caucasus and Mercury», as well as the nature of the impact of this partnership on the development of commercial shipping in the Caspian Sea. The authors analyzed the processes that took place in Russian government and private business circles in the field of merchant shipping in the Caspian Sea.

scholarly journals CORRELATION OF OIL AND GAS RESOURCES OF THE CASPIAN COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Gulshan Zeynalova Gulshan Zeynalova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Energy Information Administration ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources

The Caspian Sea is the largest body of water in Eurasia: After the collapse of the USSR, the water area of this region is a zone of interest for many states. [1] The Caspian region rightfully serves as one of the most significant regions for most countries interested in the mineral resources that the Caspian is rich in. The Caspian Sea has a significant hydrocarbon reserves. According to the Energy Information Administration (EIA), hydrocarbon resources in the Caspian basin have the following values: oil - 48 billion barrels of oil, natural gas - 292 trillion. cubic feet (found and probable reserves), of which 75% and 67%, respectively, are produced or may be produced offshore. The northern part of the Caspian Sea contains most of the oil reserves, while the southern sector of the Caspian Sea is rich in natural gas.[2] It should be emphasized that the list of states that have the rights to use the resources of the Caspian Sea is as follows: Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkmenistan. It is impossible to correlate the importance of the oil and gas resources of the Caspian reservoir for each of the above countries, for the following reasons: Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan are countries for which the hydrocarbon potential of the Caspian is the most important predictor of the formation and development of the economy, while for Kazakhstan, the use of oil and gas resources of the Caspian Sea plays an important , but not the most decisive role, since oil and gas deposits in this country are not limited to the Caspian region, but its economy is developing in other directions. Iran and Russia, however, are interested in influencing the direction of flows of oil and gas raw materials, including their transit through the territory of the countries. [3] The last years for the Caspian region have become the years of a shift in the development of the oil and gas industry of the Caspian "five", which account for 17.6% of oil reserves and 46.4% of gas reserves in terms of global reserves. It is assumed that on the territory of the Caspian shelf, which belongs to Russia, oil reserves amount to 270 million tons, natural gas reserves - 0.5 trillion cubic meters. m of gas. [4] Of course, it is worth noting that the potential of the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea is significantly lower than the oil and gas potential of Yamal or Western Siberia, but the development of this region is important for the strategic development of the oil and gas sector, in particular offshore drilling.

scholarly journals Economic Relations of the Caspian Sea Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Orman Sultanli
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Joint Production ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
The Creation

The article deals with the economic and political contradictions of the Caspian region. The first and most significant step towards building mutually beneficial cooperation between the five countries located on the Caspian sea coast was the signing of the Convention on the legal status of the Caspian sea of 12 August 2018 (the Convention), which defined the common interests of the countries in economic and security issues. This is only the beginning of a successful regional cooperation. Nevertheless, favorable conditions have already been created for the deepening of mutually beneficial economic cooperation and the development of new transit and transport infrastructure. Despite certain aspects of competition in the international hydrocarbon market, the countries of the Caspian region can form a joint production infrastructure based on joint concession megaprojects in order to ensure the export of petroleum products with a high share of added value. This aspect, as well as common interests in the field of security and preservation of the Caspian sea ecosystem, can become the Foundation for the creation of a new regional Association of countries. The article reveals the main issues that can be resolved through the implementation of joint mutually beneficial regional projects. In economic terms, the main obstacle is the competition of the countries of the region in the Chinese hydrocarbon market. Taking into account the capacity and potential of this market, the transition from the positions of competitors to the positions of joint supplies could be ensured by the creation of a single processing production interstate cluster.

CASPIAN GEOPOLITICAL SPACE IN THE REGIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-34
Author(s):  
K.A. MARKELOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
New World ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Security System ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
World Economic ◽  
World Economic Order

The article deals with the features of the current state and development of the Caspian geopolitical space, which is known as "Greater Caspian Region". The uniqueness of the natural complex is distinguished by the unity of the Caspian ecosystem, biological diversity, and inexhaustible recreational opportunities. The natural resource and capacities in transportation and communication links of the region represent the Great Caspian Sea as one of "the world's largest oil and gas hydrocarbon deposits" (Hoagland, 2019, p. 10-11). As a special geopolitical and economic space, the Caspian Sea is also united by a long shared history, culture and identity of the peoples who lived within the territory. (Romanova, 2012). "Greater Caspian Region" or "the Central Region of Eurasia", through which new models of international relations is constructed between the world leaders in this area, takes a new look at the Eurasian space and allows to describe the region through modern science paradigm considering the latest geopolitical developments and interdisciplinary research. Under the emergence of new world economic order, the Caspian Sea can be represented as an "island of interfacing worlds" - "East and West", as a geopolitical space that attracts the world's leading players and where a new multipolar world order that is based on the "rift" of the technological and world economic structures develops (Markelov, Golovina, 2020, p.16). This paper studies a set of basic aspects of a new approach to assessing the Caspian region, establishing its current geopolitical and geo-economic positions, as well as promising areas for strategic research and development. The object of this study is the geopolitical concept of the " Greater Caspian Region", the subject is the problems of: The Greater Caspian Sea; Eurasia; space; security; development strategy; geopolitics; the new world economic order. The objective of this research is to create an integrated analytical security system in the Caspian region that takes into account political and geographical factors, in their relation to economy, environment and information flows.

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