Soil-Survey Reports and Archaeological Investigations

1966 ◽  
Vol 31 (3Part1) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger T. Saucier
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Soil Conservation Service ◽  
Aerial Photos

AbstractMost soil-survey reports published since about 1957 by the Soil Conservation Service portray the soils data on a series of photomap base sheets generally at a scale of 1:20,000. Since all or portions of many of the 203 counties for which the reports are available lack detailed topographic maps, the soil-survey reports help alleviate this deficiency and also provide an economical source of aerial photos for use in archaeological surveys. Moreover, the soil-survey data presented in the photomaps often provide valuable clues to the locations of sites and should not be overlooked in survey work.

scholarly journals Soil erosion and conservation in northern Europe

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-358
Author(s):  
Michael A. Fullen
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Soil Conservation Service ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
The Public

Soil conservation policies are suggested at national, regional and local levels, including adoption and modification of several Australian, European and North American policies. The Australian Landcare system and programmes of the US Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) are particularly informative. Several European initiatives are promising models, including the strategies of the Danish Land Development Service (Hedeselskabet) and the Icelandic Soil Conservation Service (Landsgraedsla Rikisins). The Erosienormeringsprojekt of South Limburg (The Netherlands) is a coordinated and integrated soil conservation project and seems a particularly useful model for future soil conservation in northern Europe. Several best management practices for soil conservation are identified. These include the promotion of soil conservation by a properly funded and relatively well known soil conservation service and full mapping, monitoring and costing of erosion risk by national soil survey organizations. A participatory approach to soil conservation should be adopted, involving farmers and interested members of the public, and there should be a ‘cost share’ partnership between government and farmers in funding conservation work on farms. Rational land-use policies need to be developed, such as the promotion of ‘set-aside’ on erodible soils, grass strips on arable slopes and buffer strips in riparian zones. Education programmes are necessary to actively inform the public on the importance of soil as a resource. These schemes should particularly encourage ‘land literacy’ among participants. It is imperative that the broader societal benefits of effective soil conservation are recognized, such as its potential contribution to habitat creation, biodiversity and carbon sequestration.

Use of Soil Survey Data for Regional Soil Water Simulation Models

1985 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1238-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. M. Wösten ◽  
J. Bouma ◽  
G. H. Stoffelsen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Water Simulation

scholarly journals Upgrade of existing algorithms for creating contour lines on topographic maps of the karst surface

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Neža Ema Komel ◽  
Klemen Kozmus Trajkovski ◽  
Dušan Petrovič
Keyword(s):  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Basic Algorithm ◽  
Commercial Software ◽  
Karst Terrain ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Steep Slopes

Abstract. Today, many software tools enable the production of contour lines from relief models, but the results of modelling complex karst relief are often inadequate. Reasons for this may be limited quality and resolution of relief models, limitations of algorithms for calculating contours, or limitations of algorithms for smoothing and displaying additional symbols that further describe relief, such as slope lines, steep slopes and smaller objects that cannot be effectively displayed with contours, etc.We will present research in the field of improving existing algorithms in rugged karst terrain. As a target result, the presentation of relief on the existing national topographic maps in Slovenia, which were made by manual photogrammetric survey of aerial photos stereo pairs, were used. Slovenian elevation model DMR1 (1 m density) is used as a source for the creation of contour lines in various commercial software packages, and by comparing the results with a relief presentation on a topographic map, we selected the most appropriate basic algorithm. This one is further upgraded mainly by enabling automatic selection of auxiliary contour lines in the area, presentation of individual smaller relief objects with appropriate point or linear symbols, addition of slope lines on contours and indications in the middle of depressions and displacement of contour lines in order to better depict the terrain morphology.The results were tested in four different areas in Slovenia. Figure 1 shows the contour lines for a testing area near village Opatje Selo near Slovenia-Italy border, which were made by the best commercial software. The results of the algorithm are shown in Figure 2. The comparison between the results of the algorithm and the national topographic maps in the chosen scale gave promising results. In future work, we are planning to extend the algorithm so that it will be able to provide modelling of different terrains in the region.

scholarly journals Geostatistical prediction of clay percentage based on soil survey data

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-390
Author(s):  
A. TALKKARI ◽  
L. JAUHIAINEN ◽  
M. YLI-HALLA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Spherical Model ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Clay Percentage

In precision farming fields may be divided into management zones according to the spatial variation in soil properties. Clay content is an important soil characteristic, because it is associated with other soil properties that are important in management. Soil survey data from 150 sampling sites taken from an area of 218 ha were used to predict the spatial variation of clay percentage geostatistically in an agricultural soil in Jokioinen, Finland. The exponential and spherical models with a nugget component were fitted to the experimental variogram. This indicated that the medium-range pattern could be modelled, but the short-range variation could not, due to sparsity of sample points at short distances. The effect of sampling density on the kriging error was evaluated using the random simulation method. Kriging with a spherical model produced a map with smooth variation in clay percentage. The standard error of kriging estimates decreased only slightly when the density of samples was increased. The predictions were divided into three classes based on the clay percentage. Areas with clay content below 30%, between 30% and 60% and over 60% belong to non-clay, clay and heavy clay zones, respectively. With additional information from the soil samples on the contents of nutrients and organic matter these areas can serve as agricultural management zones.;

scholarly journals Caracterização geotécnica visando a implantação de trincheira drenante no município de Palmas/TO.

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Amitai Silva Lima Junior ◽  
Rose Mary Gondim Mendonça ◽  
Paula Raquel Barreto Rodrigues ◽  
Domingos Bonfim Ribeiro dos Santos ◽  
Thaynan Gomes Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Conservation Service

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar o solo de uma área susceptível a alagamento no município de Palmas/TO e analisar se o mesmo suporta as limitações para implantação da trincheira drenante como sistema drenante alternativo de baixo custo.Os resultados dos ensaios geotécnicos do solo e a análise granulométrica demostraram que o solo é areno siltoso com pequena quantidade de pedregulho, e 55 % de finos, a classificação conforme o Soil Conservation Service o solo se enquadra como solos arenosos com baixo teor de argila total, a massa especifica grão foi de 2,65 g/cm3, devido à presença do mineral quartzo e caulinita. O índice de plasticidade foi de 17,2% valor que estabelece a plasticidade do solo como altamente plástica.  Conforme a Carta de Plasticidade de Casagrande, a amostra de solo pode ser classificada comosolos argilosos de baixa compressibilidade. Os ensaios de dispersão rápida com submersão em solução de 0.001 N de hidróxido de sódio, o solo é classificado como sendo não dispersivo. O ensaio de desagregação do solo a reação da amostra à inundação foi a de faturamento. Os valores de condutividade hidráulica vertical encontrados para o anel metálico, foi de 49,284 mm/h, determinando que o solo e correlacionável a franco arenoso. Conclui –se que solo tem a capacidade de suporte da trincheira possuindo condutibilidade hidráulicae possui caráter não dispersivo, enquanto que o de desagregação indica um índice de colapsibilidade baixo.

scholarly journals Application of a continuous Rainfall-Runoff model to the basin of Kosynthos river using the hydrological software HEC-HMS

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-203 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Soil Conservation Service ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Hydrograph ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Model ◽  
Continuous Rainfall

<div> <h1 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">In this paper, the application of a continuous rainfall-runoff model to the basin of Kosynthos River (district of Xanthi, Thrace, northeastern Greece), as well as the comparison of the computational runoff results with field discharge measurements are presented. The rainfall losses are estimated by the widely known Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number model, while the transformation of rainfall excess into direct runoff hydrograph is made by using the dimensionless unit hydrograph of Soil Conservation Service. The baseflow is computed by applying an exponential recession model. The routing of the total runoff hydrograph from the outlet of a sub-basin to the outlet of the whole basin is achieved by the Muskingum-Cunge model. The application of this complex hydrologic model was elaborated with the HEC-HMS 3.5 Hydrologic Modeling System of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The results of the comparison between computed and measured discharge values are very satisfactory.</span></span></h1> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals LOW COST POTENTIAL INFILTRATION ESTIMATION FOR WET TROPICAL WATERSHEDS FOR TERRITORIAL PLANNING SUPPORT

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
Franciane Mendonça Dos Santos ◽  
José Augusto Lollo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Soil Conservation Service ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Territorial Planning

This study was developed at Caçula stream watershed of Ilha Solteira (Brazil) for potential infiltration estimation based on digital cartography. These methods aim at low-cost and quick analysis processes in order to support the territorial planning. The preliminary potential infiltration chart was produced using ArcHydro and pedological information of the study area. The curve-number method (Soil Conservation Service) was used to determine the potential infiltration combining information related to land-use and soil types in the watershed. We also used a methodology that assumes being possible to evaluate potential infiltration of a watershed combining average annual rainfall, land-use and watershed natural attributes (geomorphology, geology and pedology). Results show that ArcHydro is efficient for a preliminary characterization because it shows flow accumulation areas, allowing higher potential of degradation areas in terms of floods, mass movement and erosion. As land-use classes have significant weight in Soil Conservation Service method assessing potential infiltration, this method allow us to evaluate how land-use changes affect water dynamic in the watershed. The propose based on natural environment attributes enables to determine the homologous infiltration areas based on a higher number of natural characteristics of the area, and thereby obtain a result that is closer to the local conditions and, consequently for degradation surface processes identification.

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