Reconsidering the Cause of Cultural Collapse in the Lillooet Area of British Columbia, Canada: A Geoarchaeological Perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Kuijt
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Settlement Systems ◽  
South Central ◽  
High Magnitude ◽  
Landslide Event ◽  
Cultural Responses ◽  
Fraser Valley

The potential interconnections between human settlement systems, subsistence practices, and rapid, high-magnitude transformation of the physical landscape (e.g., earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides) is an important issue of discussion in archaeology. This paper critically examines the argument that prehistoric abandonment of Classic Lillooet pithouse villages of south-central British Columbia, Canada, at approximately 1200-1000 B.P., was linked to one or more catastrophic landslides at Texas Creek that blocked the Fraser River, destroyed salmon resources, and caused the abandonment of this area. Examination of the location and depositional condition of several excavated archaeological sites within the Fraser Valley, as well as reflection on the expected environmental and cultural responses to a catastrophic landslide, challenge previous interpretations of the existence, location, and magnitude of such a landslide event, and indicate that archaeologists need to reconsider deterministic environmental explanations for the abandonment of pithouse villages in the interior of British Columbia.

POTASSIUM RELATIONSHIPS IN SOME BRITISH COLUMBIA SOILS

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
E. H. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Lower Fraser Valley ◽  
Fraser Valley

The estimated amounts of micaceous minerals and of certain forms of K, namely total, slowly available, and exchangeable K, varied considerably among soils of southwest British Columbia. The amounts of different forms of K were related to the amounts of micaceous minerals. The amounts of the various forms of K in the soils were related to one another. The Vancouver Island soils formed on marine and glacial till parent materials contained less mica and K than the Lower Fraser Valley soils formed on Fraser river alluvium. In most instances the contents of the various forms of K were not related to the amounts of silt and clay in the soils.

An Early Pleistocene proglacial succession in south-central British Columbia

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1796-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Mathews ◽  
G. E. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
South Central ◽  
Metavolcanic Rocks ◽  
Glacial Stage ◽  
Sedimentary Succession ◽  
Basaltic Lavas

A succession of conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones, and tills, herein named the Dog Creek Formation, is sandwiched between flat-lying basalts along Dog Creek (lat. 51°36′N, long. 122°02′–122°12′W) for about 15 km east of Fraser River. The sedimentary succession rests disconformably on underlying basaltic lavas (herein referred to as the Harpers Creek Formation), which have yielded K–Ar dates of 1.3–2.9 Ma, and in one place, on a glaciated surface carved in metavolcanic rocks of Permian(?) age. The sedimentary succession is capped by basalt flows yielding K–Ar whole-rock ages of 1.1 Ma. The occurrence of proglacial beds and a glaciated surface in south-central British Columbia, 70 km away from any high mountains capable of supporting glaciers today, testifies to a major glacial stage in Early Pleistocene time. The record of sedimentation and volcanism sheds light on early incision of the nearby valley of Fraser River.

The Gang Ranch – Big Bar area, south-central British Columbia: stratigraphy, geochronology, and palynology of the Tertiary beds and their relationship to the Fraser Fault

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1132-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Mathews ◽  
G. E. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Lacustrine Sediments ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
South Central ◽  
Metavolcanic Rocks ◽  
Fault Trace

Tertiary rocks in the Gang Ranch – Big Bar area, south-central British Columbia, consist of (1) Early or Middle Eocene (50 Ma) lavas, breccias, and tuffs capped by a mappable unit of conglomerate and clays, totalling 1600 m in thickness; (2) Early Miocene basalt and obsidian, only locally present on high summits; (3) Mid-Miocene gravels and tuffs estimated to be up to 300 m thick; and (4) Pliocene "plateau basalts" up to 130 m thick, locally underlain by fluvial and lacustrine sediments. A rich, probably subtropical, palynoassemblage supports the correlation of the first unit with the Kamloops Group of south-central British Columbia, and the palynomorphs from unit (3) indicate equivalence with the Fraser Bend Formation of the Quesnel area.The northwest-trending Fraser Fault transects the area. Eocene and underlying mid-Cretaceous beds are confined to the west side of the fault; Triassic metasediments and metavolcanic rocks form the east wall. The west side of the fault has been structurally lowered by at least 1.6 km in Eocene and(?) later time. Some 70 km of dextral displacement since mid-Cretaceous time is suggested but is not unequivocally demanded. Major movement has occurred since and possibly during deposition of the Eocene beds. Pliocene beds overlying the fault and Mid-Miocene beds adjacent to the fault trace are apparently undisturbed.Pliocene drainage appears to have been northward. Slight northerly tilting has occurred since, but notwithstanding this the southward-flowing Fraser River has become established here. Glacial diversion of an earlier drainage pattern is suspected.

scholarly journals Conservation Evaluation of Lemmon's Holly Fern, Polystichum lemmonii, a Threatened Fern in Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
George W. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
South Central ◽  
Northern Idaho ◽  
Mining Exploration ◽  
Conservation Evaluation ◽  
Forest Road Construction

In Canada, Lemmon's Holly Fern, Polystichum lemmonii, is restricted to the Baldy Mountain area on the eastern side of the Okanagan River valley in south-central British Columbia. This population represents the northern limits of the species which ranges south through northern Idaho, Washington and Oregon to northern California. In British Columbia, P. lemmonii is associated with ultramafic rocky ridges within a montane forest at an elevation of 1900 m. The population in the Baldy Mountain area is relatively small, unprotected and potentially imperilled by mining exploration, forest road construction or wildfires.

scholarly journals Conservation Evaluation of the Pacific Population of Dwarf Woollyheads, Psilocarphus brevissimus var. brevissimus, in Canada

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
George W. Douglas ◽  
Jenifer L. Penny ◽  
Ksenia Barton
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Pacific Population ◽  
South Central ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Recreational Vehicles ◽  
Forest Openings ◽  
Conservation Evaluation

In Canada, Dwarf Woolly-heads, Psilocarphus brevissimus var. brevissimus, is restricted to the Similkameen River valley, south of Princeton in southwestern British Columbia and the extreme southeast and southwest corners of Alberta and Saskatchewan, respectively. This paper deals with the three British Columbia populations which represent the northwestern limit of the species which ranges from south-central British Columbia, southward in the western United States to Montana, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, California and Baja California, Mexico. In British Columbia, P. brevissimus is associated with calcareous vernal pools and ephemeral pond edges in large forest openings. This habitat is rare in the area the few existing populations could easily be extirpated or degraded through slight changes in groundwater levels, coalbed methane gas drilling, housing development or recreational vehicles.

Trap response of cutworm moths (Abagrotis orbis) to a sex-attractant lure in grape vineyards

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Landolt ◽  
D. Thomas Lowery ◽  
Lawrence C. Wright ◽  
Constance Smithhisler ◽  
Christelle Gúedot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
South Central ◽  
Tetradecenyl Acetate ◽  
Feltia Jaculifera ◽  
Multiple Field ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractLarvae of Abagrotis orbis (Grote) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are climbing cutworms and can damage grapevines, Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae), in early spring by consuming expanding buds. A sex attractant would be useful for monitoring this insect in commercial vineyards. (Z)-7-Tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate were found in extracts of female abdominal tips. In multiple field experiments, male A. orbis were captured in traps baited with a combination of these two chemicals but not in traps baited with either chemical alone. Males were trapped from mid-September to early October in south-central Washington and south-central British Columbia. Other noctuid moths (Mamestra configurata Walker, Xestia c-nigrum (L.), and Feltia jaculifera (Guenée)) were also captured in traps baited with the A. orbis pheromone and may complicate the use of this lure to monitor A. orbis. Abagrotis discoidalis (Grote) was captured in traps baited with (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate but not in traps baited with the two chemicals together.

Bedforms, bed material, and bedload transport in a salt-wedge estuary: Fraser River, British Columbia

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1440-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Kostaschuk ◽  
M. A. Church ◽  
J. L. Luternauer
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Bedload Transport ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Salt Wedge ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Material Load ◽  
Bed Material

The lower main channel of the Fraser River, British Columbia, is a sand-bed, salt-wedge estuary in which variations in velocity, discharge, and bedform characteristics are contolled by river discharge and the tides. Bed-material composition remains consistent over the discharge season and in the long term. Changes in bedform height and length follow but lag behind seasonal fluctuations in river discharge. Migration rates of bedforms respond more directly to river discharge and tidal fall than do height and length. Bedform characteristics were utilized to estimate bedload transport in the estuary, and a strong, direct, but very sensitive relationship was found between bed load and river discharge. Annual bedload transport in the estuary is estimated to be of the order of 0.35 Mt in 1986. Bedload transport in the estuary appears to be higher than in reaches upstream, possibly because of an increase in sediment movement along the bed to compensate for a reduction in suspended bed-material load produced by tidal slack water and the salt wedge.

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