Gender and the Early Cultivation of Gourds in Eastern North America

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayle J. Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
North Central ◽  
Eastern Woodlands ◽  
Central Pennsylvania ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ams Dating ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
River Valleys

Discovery and AMS dating of mid-Holocene Cucurbita pepo fragments from central Maine and north-central Pennsylvania necessitate the reevaluation of the status of the earliest gourds in noncoastal areas of the Eastern Woodlands and the role of women in their cultivation. Gourds may have been spread initially in conjunction with improvements in fishing techniques, with small gourds used primarily as net floats. In this scenario, people passed temperate, Eastern (ovifera-type) gourds northward from the coastal plains of the Southeast into river valleys of the Midwest and Northeast as fishing became more significant in Archaic subsistence systems. The growing of gourds was fully compatible with a fisher-gatherer-hunter lifeway, and it did not necessarily trigger a transition to farming. Women may have grown gourds, but the possible role of women in fishing activities is more ambiguous than is their role in gathering and eventually domesticating the food plants of the Eastern North American agricultural complex.

Additional Evidence for Early Cucurbit Use in the Northern Eastern Woodlands East of the Allegheny Front

1997 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Hart ◽  
Nancy Asch Sidell
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Full Range ◽  
North Central ◽  
Eastern Woodlands ◽  
Central Pennsylvania ◽  
Early Late ◽  
Ams Dates

Two accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates, 5404 ± 552 B.P. (AA-19129) and 2625 ± 45 B.P. (AA-19128), confirm the presence of mid-Holocene and early late Holocene cucurbit (Cucurbita pepo), respectively, at the Memorial Park site (36CN164) in north-central Pennsylvania. This is the second documented occurrence of mid-Holocene cucurbit and the first documented occurrence of domesticated early late Holocene cucurbit in the northern Eastern Woodlands east of the Allegheny Front. These occurrences help to establish the use of cucurbits in the Northeast on a timescale equivalent to that in the riverine interior, with the exception of the very earliest riverine interior dates. The Northeast has contributed little toward our understanding of prehistoric agricultural evolution in the Eastern Woodlands. The Memorial Park cucurbits and the mid-Holocene cucurbit recently reported at the Sharrow site in Maine indicate that greater efforts are needed to document pre-maize agricultural behavior in this area to increase our knowledge of the full range of pre-maize agricultural behavior in the Eastern Woodlands.

scholarly journals Role of Women Structuring the Society

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Humera Sultana ◽  
Nasreen Aslam Shah
Keyword(s):  
Muslim Women ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Early Islamic ◽  
Islamic Society ◽  
Status Of Women

Historically, the status of women was very low all over the world however Islam is the only religion which help in changing the status of women and improve her status in the society. This paper explores the lives of Muslim women in the period of early Islamic society which reveals that these women gave the lesson of virtue, piety, devotion and sacrifice to every women and daughter of Islam. These ladies bore exemplary moral character, and in performance of their responsibilities they sacrificed their luxuries, comforts and happiness. Following footprints of these ladies can make every daughter a proud human being.

The Role of Women in Plant-based Textile Production during the Viking Diaspora in Scotland and the Irish Sea Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-358
Author(s):  
Susan Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Irish Sea ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
The Status ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
Grave Goods

Evidence for textiles in viking-age Scotland and the adjacent Irish Sea region derives from small fragments usually surviving as mineralised products associated with metal dress fittings and grave goods such as shield bosses and weaving battens, excavated from the furnished graves of both women and men. Since Scottish viking-age textiles were last reviewed over twenty years ago, this paper collates information from antiquarian finds and more recent excavations which employed considerably enhanced techniques for retrieving fragile archaeological textiles. Evidence is presented for the occurrence and role of plant-based textiles derived from flax and hemp including linen in funerary processes as burial garments, shrouds and wrapping other grave goods, such as weapons and tools. Many richly appointed women's graves in viking-age Scotland were accompanied by tool assemblages used in the manufacture and maintenance of textiles. The presence of these tools raises questions about the status of textile production and the roles women played in it.

Women and the NCAA: Not Separate—Not Equal

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy J. Lovett ◽  
Carla D. Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Women's Athletics ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Status ◽  
Role Of Women

The purpose of this paper is to present a historical overview of the role of women in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) since the demise of the Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW). The paper traces the reluctance of some men and women to form this uneasy alliance. The paper presents evidence showing that the NCAA recognizes that women's athletics are part of the organization and that they deserve recognition and concern. However, the paper also shows that when substantive changes in the NCAA appeared imminent and the degree of recognition approached proportional equity, the pervasive and strong loyalty to the status quo quelled any proactive legislation that might include equal voice for reform in the organization.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF FEMINISM IN THE NOVEL NAYLA BY DJENAR MAESA AYU

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Veri Kusumaningrum ◽  
I Wayan Rasna ◽  
Gde Artawan
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Structure ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Public ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Show Business ◽  
The Status ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Relationship Of

This research aims to determine (1) the narrative structure of novel Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu, (2) the role of women figure in the novel Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu, (3) the struggle of women figure in the novel Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu. This research uses feminism study with qualitative research. The data was collected by using library research. The library method was used at finding out the data in the novel Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu and in other literature which supports this research. The analyzed data are narrative structure, the role of women figure and the struggle of women figure in the novel Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu. The data were analyzed through the stage of reduction, presentation and data collection. The subject of this research is the novel Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu, the object of this research is the narrative structure, the role of women figure and the struggle of women figure in the novel Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu. The result of this research refers to (1) The Narrative structure in the novel Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu was include figure, characterization, plot and background. (2) The role of women figure in the novel Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu was found in the social domain, domestic and public. (3) The struggle of women figure in the novel Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu was manifested by struggling in maintaining in the status as women, the struggle in maintaining the gender. The form of feminism was described in the novel Nayla as never surrender, not dependent to the parents, and behaves deviate. Novel Nayla to present the relationship of gender that leads to a superior. Novel Nayla as the main character show business to make a women who has the dignity of which is equivalent to the men. Based on the results of analysis and advice for women in order to improve the quality of the field of education, domestic, and the public so that gender equality can be achieved.

scholarly journals Anomalieë in die Gereformeerde standpunt oor die rol van die vrou in die kerk

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
W.C. Vergeer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The Status ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Reformed Churches ◽  
The Church

Anomalies in the Reformed understanding of Scripture concerning the role of women in the church Theories of T.S. Kuhn on the progress of science are applied in this study of the changing position of women in the Reformed Churches in South Africa (RCSA). From this perspective, the resolutions and appendices of the 1988 Synod of the RCSA concerning the issue of women in office, are seen as a “governing paradigm” on the status and role of women in the church. This paradigm has, however, in recent times been increasingly challenged by a number of anomalies that can no longer be adequately explained. Anomalies in ecumenical, hermeneutic and exegetic levels, as well as anomalies in the application of Scripture are pointed out and discussed. These anomalies are seen as evidence of an era of revolution concerning the views on women in the RCSA. According to the theories of Kuhn, this revolution will continue until a new paradigm capable of explaining all the relevant phenomena, becomes prominent.

Perception of Women's Religious Status by Senegalese Adolescents

1983 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 757-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Vandewiele
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Society ◽  
Western Education ◽  
The Status ◽  
Role Of Women

The Senegalese society is one in which early Islamization has profoundly shaped the mentality of people. The role of women—essential in the traditional society—has also been altered in the process. This paper describes an assessment of the status of Senegalese women in contemporary Senegal as perceived by adolescents, who are equally at a cultural-cross roads of non-islamic traditions, early and intensive islamization, and Western education. Despite a timid rejection of women's inferiority (mostly by women) Islam remains a man's religion.

scholarly journals Miejsce i rola kobiety w rodzinie na przestrzeni wieków. Od Antyku po I wojnę światową. Zarys problematyki

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Rafał Kamprowski
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Time History ◽  
Women's Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The One

For a long time, history of women was not in the mainstream of interest. The interest for this topic was not shown untill the twentieth century. The aim of this paper is to present a long and difficult struggle to gain the status similar to the one women have nowadays. It is difficult to understand the present reality without going back to the past. The role of women is undergoing a lot of changes all the time. This subject is a huge field for research. The article attempts to give a summary of publications which deal with women’s issues.

scholarly journals Kepemimpinan Dalam Keluarga: Perspektif Fiqh dan Analisis Gender

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Bani Syarif Maulana
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Sexual Relations ◽  
Gender Discourse ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Status Of Women

Islam is a religion which has attempted to elevate the status of women so that there should be no discrimination between women and men from the Islamic perspective. However, in some fiqh texts, which are based on selected Qur'an and hadith, there is discrimination against women. On the other side, gender discourse now becomes an important issue and is used to improve the status of women. This article attempts to explore both the jiqh texts and gender discourse on the models of leadership in a family, especially on the role of women and men in the family and on the sexual relations, from the Islamic perspective.

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