On Puerto Rican Archaeology

1965 ◽  
Vol 31 (2Part1) ◽  
pp. 246-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo E. Alegría
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
Clear Relationship ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Cultural Traditions

AbstractHistorical sources corroborated by archaeological research demonstrate that the Antillean area was inhabited by people of three cultural traditions. Puerto Rico, because of its intermediate position between the Greater and Lesser Antilles, is of great importance in determining the chronology and the distribution of West Indian aboriginal cultures. Recent radiocarbon dates demonstrate that Puerto Rico was first populated by a preceramic people who arrived before the Christian era. A relationship between these Indians and certain preceramic groups of Venezuela has been postulated, although neither the chronology of the sites nor their distribution correspond. Other radiocarbon dates from Puerto Rico establish a clear relationship between the different pottery styles of the island and those of the Lesser Antilles and Venezuela.

scholarly journals Late Holocene extinction of Puerto Rican native land mammals

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.T Turvey ◽  
J.R Oliver ◽  
Y.M Narganes Storde ◽  
P Rye
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Indian Species ◽  
Native Land ◽  
Indian Land ◽  
Mammal Faunas ◽  
Radiometric Dates

West Indian land mammals have suffered the most severe extinctions of any Holocene mammal faunas. However, ‘last-occurrence’ dates based on radiometric or robust stratigraphic data remain unavailable for most West Indian species, making it impossible to identify factors responsible for these extinctions. Here, we present new radiometric dates from archaeological and palaeontological sites on Puerto Rico, the only Greater Antillean island to have lost all native land mammals. Although it has been suggested that these species died out earlier than other West Indian mammals, we demonstrate that Puerto Rican mammal last-occurrence dates are in close agreement with those from other Antillean islands, as several species in fact persisted for millennia following Amerindian arrival. Echimyid rodents and nesophontid ‘island-shrews’ were still present on Puerto Rico approximately 1000 years BP, and probably became extinct following European arrival. The large (13 kg) heptaxodontid rodent Elasmodontomys obliquus also appears to have survived for over 2000 years after Amerindian colonization, suggesting that at least some large West Indian mammals became extinct in protracted pre-European ‘sitzkrieg’-style events rather than ‘blitzkrieg’-style overkill.

Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae) with 13 new species and checklist: Part II. Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles including Tobago and Trinidad

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 1994 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
AUBREY G. SCARBROUGH ◽  
DANIEL E. PEREZ-GELABERT
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
New Species ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
Indian Species ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
The West ◽  
Us Virgin Islands

The species of Efferia from Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and the Lesser Antilles are reviewed. Twenty species are recognized including 12 new species from the Dominican Republic: E. alia sp. nov., E. angusta sp. nov., E. bullata sp. nov., E. clava sp. nov., E. exacta sp. nov., E. incisura sp. nov., E. picea sp. nov., E. serrula sp. nov., E. sinuosa sp. nov., E. suspiciosa sp. nov., E. spinula sp. nov., and E. woodleyi sp. nov., and 1 from Puerto Rico: E. montensis sp. nov. Seven previously described West Indian species are recognized: E. forbesi (Curran, 1931), E. fortis (Walker, 1855), E. fulvibarbis (Macquart, 1848), E. haitensis (Macquart, 1848), E. nigrimystacea (Macquart, 1847), E. portoricensis (Curran, 1919), and E. stylata (Fabricius, 1775). An unresolved species from Tobago and Trinidad is also reported. All of these belong to the aestuans species group. New synonyms include: E. pachychaetus (Bromley, 1928) = E. fulvibarbis (Macquart, 1848), syn. nov.; E. tortola (Curran, 1928) = E. stylata (Fabricius, 1775), syn. nov.; and Phoneus flavotibius Bigot, 1878, = E. fortis (Walker, 1855), syn. nov. Efferia haitensis (Macquart, 1848) is removed from synonymy with E. stylata (Fabricius, 1775). The male of E. stylata is discovered and described. Lectotypes are designated for E. haitensis and E. nigrimystacea. The species is removed from the list of species from Hispaniola. Endemism is high with most species limited to single islands. Only E. stylata and E. forbesi occurring in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and E. nigrimystacea in the Lesser Antilles are more widespread. Hispaniola has the greatest diversity with 15 species whereas Puerto Rico, the British and US Virgin Islands, and the Lesser Antilles have 5. Keys, illustrations of the left wing of selected males, and terminalia of all known species are included. A check-list of the West Indian species of Efferia, including an unresolved species from Tobago and Trinidad, is also provided.

The Ball Game Played by the Aborigines of the Antilles

1951 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo E. Alegria
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
University Of Puerto Rico ◽  
Ball Game ◽  
Aboriginal Culture ◽  
Intimate Relation ◽  
The University

The study of the so-called juegos o corrales de los indios comprises one of the most interesting aspects of West Indian archaeology. The Archaeological Research Center of the University of Puerto Rico has devoted special attention to their study in the belief that these juegos stand in intimate relation with a number of problems of Caribbean archaeology, the solution of which cannot but lead to a clearer and more exact view of the aboriginal culture.

Chimú Art and Architecture

Art History ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Pillsbury
Keyword(s):  
North Coast ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Late Intermediate Period ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The North ◽  
North Coast Of Peru ◽  
Art And Architecture ◽  
La Luna

The Chimú culture flourished on what is now the north coast of Peru from around 1000 ce to c. 1470, when the polity was conquered by the Inca. The Chimú state, sometimes referred to in the historical sources as Chimor, dominated a length of approximately one thousand kilometers of the coast, from nearly what is now the border between Peru and Ecuador to just north of the modern capital of Lima. The Chimú were the most powerful entity in the period known as the Late Intermediate period but drew upon cultural traditions developed in the same region in earlier periods, particularly the Moche and the Lambayeque (also known as Sicán). Indeed, the capital of the Chimú state, Chan Chan, was constructed just a few kilometers away from the earlier Moche center of Huaca de la Luna and Huaca del Sol, in what is now the outskirts of the modern city of Trujillo. There is a fair amount of published archaeological research on the Chimú, although in recent years, in the wake of the spectacular finds at the Moche site of Sipán, Chimú studies have been eclipsed by Moche-focused projects. The literature specifically on Chimú art and architecture, however, is far less abundant. As yet there are no dedicated journals to Chimú studies, nor are there specific bibliographies, anthologies, reference works, or textbooks.

scholarly journals New Radiocarbon Dates for the Grenadine Islands (West Indies)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M Fitzpatrick ◽  
Christina M Giovas
Keyword(s):  
West Indies ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Island Size ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Information ◽  
Rigorous Testing ◽  
Ceramic Age ◽  
The Caribbean

Intensified archaeological research in the Caribbean over the past 2 decades has provided a wealth of new information on how and when these islands were settled prehistorically. However, there has been a paucity of research on islands in the southern Lesser Antilles, which would allow for more rigorous testing of migration models and various settlement pattern hypotheses. To address some of these chronological and geographical gaps, we present a corpus of 41 radiocarbon dates from several sites in the Grenadine Island chain. Results to date support a relatively late Ceramic Age settlement of these smaller islands (about AD 400) compared to other nearby, larger islands in the southern Lesser Antilles (about AD 200) as well as the Caribbean as a whole (about 400/500 BC). Intriguing questions also remain as to an apparent, but as yet inadequately tested, pattern where earlier colonization dates are correlated with larger island size.

Rates of Cesarean Delivery Among Puerto Rican Women - Puerto Rico and the U.S. Mainland, 1992-2002

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Varela-Flores ◽  
◽  
H. Vázquez-Rivera ◽  
F. Menacker ◽  
Y. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Puerto Rican Women ◽  
The U.S

A Medieval Burial from Graham Street, Leith, Edinburgh

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
Paul R. J. Duffy ◽  
Olivia Lelong
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Research Division ◽  
The North ◽  
The Individual

Summary An archaeological excavation was carried out at Graham Street, Leith, Edinburgh by Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division (GUARD) as part of the Historic Scotland Human Remains Call-off Contract following the discovery of human remains during machine excavation of a foundation trench for a new housing development. Excavation demonstrated that the burial was that of a young adult male who had been interred in a supine position with his head orientated towards the north. Radiocarbon dates obtained from a right tibia suggest the individual died between the 15th and 17th centuries AD. Little contextual information exists in documentary or cartographic sources to supplement this scant physical evidence. Accordingly, it is difficult to further refine the context of burial, although a possible link with a historically attested siege or a plague cannot be discounted.

A New Look at Puerto Rico and Puerto Rican Bonds

1955 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-109
Author(s):  
John P. Broderick
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
New Look

A community-based test of a linguistic hypothesis

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
San Juan ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Functional Compensation ◽  
Puerto Rican Spanish ◽  
Null Subject ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Compensation Hypothesis

ABSTRACTThe Functional Compensation Hypothesis (Hochberg 1986a, b) interprets frequent expression of pronominal subjects as compensation for frequent deletion of agreement marking on finite verbs in Puerto Rican Spanish (PRS). Specifically, this applies to 2sg.túwhere variably deleted word-final -smarks agreement. If the hypothesis is correct, finite verbs with agreement deleted in speech should co-occur more frequently with pronominal subjects than finite verbs with agreement intact. Likewise, social dialects which frequently delete agreement should show higher rates of pronominal expression than social dialects which less frequently delete agreement. These auxiliary hypotheses are tested across a socially stratified sample of 62 speakers from San Juan. Functional compensation does show stylistic and social patterning in the category of Specifictú, not in that of Non-specifictú. However, Non-specifictúis the key to frequency differences between -s-deleting PRS and -s-conserving Madrid; hence the Functional Compensation Hypothesis should be discarded. (Functionalism, compensation, null subject, analogy, Spanish, Puerto Rico)

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